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PubMed2000

[Cephalometrical analysis of effects of premaxillary orthopedic treatment on maxillary growth of Wistar rats with bilateral artificial cleft palate].

OBJECTIVE: To measure the differences between the experimental group and the two controlled groups by using the cephalometric radiography technique to study the effects of premaxillary orthopedic treatments on the growth and development of maxilla. METHODS: To make an animal model with bilateral cleft palate by surgery operation: General anesthesia was carried on by injecting 2.5% pentobarbital (25 mg/kg) into abdominal cavity, then almost the same bone of rats' palate were removed from bilateral palate. An appliance, based on the principle of Latham's appliance was made and designed for premaxillary orthopedic treatment. It was fixed in rats' palate using pins under the condition of general anesthesia. After 20 days of orthopedic treatment, the rats were anesthetized by ether, and cephalometric films were taken under self-designed cephalometer and analysed aided by computer. RESULTS: The distances that represented the maxillary position in the posterior-anterior (PA) direction significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the angles that represented the direction of premaxillary growth significantly decreased (P < 0.05) between the experimental group and the two controlled groups. There were no significant difference between the two controlled groups. CONCLUSION: Premaxilla of rats can be effectively moved backward and rotated downward and backward on the PA direction by appliance. The appliance can move the segment palate forward during the premaxillary backword. The appliance can stimulate maxillary growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Study of cleft palate with problems of middle ears and its treatment].

OBJECTIVE: To gain a clear idea of the following: 1. the relationship between the incidence of functional obstruction of middle ear and surgery on cleft palate and patients' age; 2. the bacterial culture of secretion taken from the tympanic cavity with secretory otitis media; 3. the preliminary effects of treatment by inserting a tube into the tympanic cavity of a patient with secretory otitis media. METHODS: 275 middle ears of patients with cleft palate were selected, then acoustic immitence examination and hearing threshold of pure tone were adopted, and bacterial culture was carried out for studying secretion of the middle ear with secretory otitis media. RESULTS: The tympanograms of 75.5% ears of the patients before cleft palate operation were found to be abnormal, among which patients under 3 years were 81%, and 41.2% ears of those after closure of cleft palate were abnormal. Gram's positive and negative germs of bacterial culture were 20.1% and 24% respectively. The hearing of 6 ears with secretory otitis media has recovered from the moderate hearing loss due to tube insertion. And the tympanograms of 4/8 ears were transformed from type B to type A. CONCLUSION: It is beneficial to improve function of Eustachian tube if cleft palate can be repaired at an early stage and beneficial to improve the patients' hearing and devlope their speech if a tube is inserted into the typanic cavity in cases of secretory otitis media at an early stage.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of bone thickness in the anterior hard palate relative to midsagittal orthodontic implants.

PURPOSE: The Straumann Orthosystem (Institut Straumann, Waldenburg, Switzerland) describes a technique that involves placement of titanium implants (4 or 6 mm long and 3.3 mm in diameter) into the midsagittal hard palate for orthodontic anchorage. The aim of this study was to determine the quantity of bone in the midline of the anterior hard palate, and specifically the thickness inferior to the incisive canal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five dry skulls were radiographed with a standardized cephalometric technique. The vertical thickness of the midsagittal palate was then measured to the nearest tenth of a millimeter. Next, gutta-percha was injected into the incisive canal, and the radiograph was repeated. The bone thicknesses were then measured from the inferior hard palate to the most Inferior part of the radiopaque canal. This is defined as the actual bone available for the implant without violating the canal. RESULTS: The measurements have shown that an average of 8.6 +/- 1.3 mm of bone is theoretically available for the implant. However, considering the canal (where only bone thickness inferior to it is utilized and measured), only 4.3 +/- 1.6 mm of bone exists. The canal itself averaged 2.5 +/- 0.6 mm in diameter. DISCUSSION: Prior studies have overestimated the amount of bone available for implants in the median hard palate. The main reason for this is that the incisive canal is not well visualized on cephalometric radiographs of live patients. CONCLUSION: This study supports the continued use of implants, as approximately 50% of skulls still had the requisite minimum 4 mm of bone inferior to the incisive canal for maximum osseointegration with the 4-mm implants. However, 6-mm implants should be used with caution.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Therapeutic results in the treatment of otitis media in children with and without cleft palate (author's transl)].

Therapeutic results in the treatment of secretory otitis media were compared in children with and without cleft palate. The children were treated by the implantation of a ventilation tube. Pre- and postoperative data of a total of 551 patients were evaluated by a computer system. Following results were obtained: 1. Severity of change in the mean air-bone gap in patients with and without cleft palate was nearly the same. 2. The men airbone gap in both series after treatment showed no significant difference. 3. After evaluating impedance measurements, children without cleft palate showed a slight improvement of pressure patterns in the middle ear, on the contrary, children with cleft palate showed a significant pressure decrease. --Because of deterioration of pressure pattern in children with cleft palate, in spite of intensive treatment, implantation of a ventilatory tube for a longer period is necessary.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Epiglottic augmentation by use of polytetrafluoroethylene to correct dorsal displacement of the soft palate in a standardbred horse.

A 2-year-old 400-kg Standardbred colt with a history of exercise intolerance was determined to have dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP). Standing endoscopy revealed a soft, flaccid, and hypoplastic epiglottis and arytenoid cartilages that moved symmetrically and abducted fully. Lateral laryngeal radiography was used to calculate a corrected thyroepiglottic length of 6.48 cm. Videoendoscopy during exercise on a high-speed treadmill at standardized treadmill speeds was performed weekly for 3 consecutive weeks. The soft palate dorsally displaced at each examination. A sternohyoideus/sternothyroideus myectomy was followed by 2 weeks of stall rest and 2 weeks of treadmill training. Because endoscopy during exercise at standardized treadmill speeds caused the horse to dorsally displace the soft palate once a week for 3 weeks after the myectomy, this surgery was deemed ineffective in this horse. Epiglottic augmentation was performed by injecting 7 ml of polytetrafluoroethylene into the ventral submucosal space of the epiglottis. After 21 days of stall rest and 5 weeks of pasture rest, the horse was placed on a 2-month treadmill conditioning program. Using endoscopy at standardized treadmill speeds, exercise efforts to encourage DDSP were unsuccessful, which suggested that epiglottic augmentation by use of polytetrafluoroethylene was an effective surgical treatment to correct dorsal displacement of the soft palate in this horse. It is believed that polytetrafluoroethylene increases the rigidity of the epiglottis, allowing it to maintain the ventral position of the soft palate.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Palatal and middle-ear myoclonus: a cause for objective tinnitus.

The cause of objective tinnitus provoked by palatal and middle-ear myoclonus may be identified by magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system in the Guilliain-Mollaret triangle or it may be idiopathic. The idiopathic cases are rare. From the literature, one can perceive the following unanswered questions: (1) Are palatal and middle-ear myoclonus different entities or do they usually appear together? (2) Are the clicks being produced by the palatal myoclonus (walls of the eustachian tube slapping together) or by the tensor tympani muscle contractions or by both? (3) Is stapedius muscle myoclonus important in the production of the clicks? (4) What should be the treatment for palatal and middle-ear myoclonus? We present two cases of idiopathic palatal and middle-ear myoclonus and discuss these cases in light of the literature and of some ideas of our own.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[A cephalometric study of the craniofacial morphology in adult patients with unoperated cleft palate.].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of cleft palate on the craniofacial morphology in adult patients with unoperated cleft palate by cephalometric analysis. METHODS: X-ray cephalometry was used for the study of craniofacial morphology carried out in 7 male and 8 female patients with unoperated cleft palate. Pointing measurements were done with the methods of Downs and Steiner. The data of the cephalometric measurements were compared with that of Guangxi native normal adults by t test. RESULTS: The unoperated cleft palate patient,s SNA,ANS-Ptm(FH) and L1-MP were smaller or shorter than those of normal group while Po-NB was longer. There was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05 or 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The deformities of adult patients with unoperated cleft palate were mainly considered to be that the anterior and posterior length of maxilla show hypoplastic while the vertical height of the maxilla the length of anterior cranial fossa and mandible was normal. But the retrusion of alveolar mandible led to chin protrusion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A retrospective observational study of the effect of surface treatments and cementing media on the durability of gold palatal veneers.

This paper reports on the results of a retrospective observational study that sought to determine both the longevity and effects of surface treatments of gold palatal veneers used to restore tooth surface loss. Details of all gold palatal veneers fabricated from Mattident 60 were sourced from hospital records spanning 11 years and 9 months. The case notes of each individual were accessed and, for each restoration, a note was made of the date and method of cementation, together with the period of patient follow-up. When patients continued their routine checkups, the records were scrutinized closely for evidence of restoration failure. This yielded a data set of 151 palatal gold veneer cementations for which the surface treatments and/or cementing media were known. Survival analysis by the Kaplan-Meier method of alumina blasted veneers revealed median survival times of 4,663 days when cemented with Panavia 21 and 687 days if cemented with Aquacem. Veneers that were alumina blasted, oxidized and cemented with Panavia 21 had a survival probability of 1.0. A Logrank test revealed highly statistically significant differences between the survival curves (p<0.0001). It was concluded that: (1) Alumina blasting the fit surface of a gold veneer prior to cementation with Panavia 21 resulted in a significantly more durable restoration compared to alumina blasting and cementation with Aquacem and no etching of tooth substance. (2) Due to low MST cementing, gold palatal veneers with a conventional glass polyalkenoate cement are not recommended. (3) Pre-treatment of gold palatal veneers by alumina blasting and oxidation prior to cementing with Panavia 21 appears to improve the chances of obtaining a dependable restoration. A greater number of restorations would be required to statistically test this trend.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2005

Insertion of a folded laryngeal mask airway around a palatal torus.

The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is an airway management device that is used to establish and maintain a patent airway for the patient. A palatal torus is a common benign bony exostosis, usually located in the midline of the palate, beneath the palatal mucosa. It should be recognized by the CRNA during the preoperative anesthetic assessment. A palatal torus can hinder insertion of the LMA when using the standard LMA insertion technique. Therefore, modification must be made to the operator's insertion technique with a folded LMA around a palatal torus.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2005

[Clinicomorphological characteristics of the soft palate in patients with chronic ronchopathy].

Clinicomorphological study of soft palate structures in patients with chronic ronchopathy defines the following pathological processes: hypertrophy of the soft palate resultant from a marked stromal edema, overproduction of collagenic fibers, stromal lipomatosis, disturbance of lymphatic circulation, damage to myocytes affecting impairment of contractile and tonic processes in the soft palatine muscles. The above morphological alterations may be caused by previous inflammation in soft palate tissue and the tonsils. Hypertrophic, baggy, atonic soft palate narrows the airways at the level of the soft palate.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Thickness of masticatory mucosa in the human hard palate and tuberosity dependent on gender and body mass index.

The aim of this study was to clinically determine the thickness of masticatory mucosa in the hard palate and tuberosity as potential donor sites for subepitelial grafts for ridge augmentation procedures of small and moderate alveolar ridge defects to improve aesthetics of a pontic area of fixed partial dentures. In 102 periodontally healthy fully dentate subjects the thickness of mucosa was assessed by bone sounding with a periodontal probe. Twenty measurement points were defined, 18 on hard palate located on 3 lines running at different distances parallel to gingival margin and 2 on tuberosity. Data were analysed to determine differences between gender and different body mass index using t-test. The mucosa on the hard palate was significantly thicker than on the tuberosity. The thickest mucosa was registered on the second and the third line behind canines and on all 3 lines behind the first premolar. These areas are recommended as potential donor sites. Males had significantly thicker mucosa than females (p < 0.01), except for the sites behind the first molar (p > 0.05) where the mucosa was the thinnest in the both gender, which was attributed to the protuberance of the palatal root of the first molar. The same was with the body mass index. Therefore canine-premolar palatal region is recommended for harvesting free subepitelial grafts for moderate augmentation of alveolar ridges for achieving optimal aesthetics of the pontic area.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Presurgical orthodontic treatment of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate in 100 infants].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application and curative effect of naso-alveolar molding plate in the presurgical orthodontic treatment of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate in infants. METHODS: From January 2003 to March 2004, 100 infants with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate received presurgical orthopedics by using naso-alveolar molding plate. According to the age, 100 infants (aging 10 days to 3 months, including 60 males and 40 females) were divided into the test group (10 days to 1 month) and the control group (1-3 months). The widths of lip cleft and dentoalveolar cleft and the rate of satisfaction for nose wing were compared between 2 groups before treatment and after the treatment. RESULTS: The widths of cleft lip and dentoalveolar cleft before orthodontic (5.0 +/- 1.6 mm, 6.9 +/- 2.6 mm) and after orthodontics (4.1 +/- 2.7 mm, 6.4 +/- 2.9 mm)in the test group were less than those in the control group (7.5 3.1 mm, 12.5 +/- 4.0 mm and 8.3 +/- 3.0 mm, 10.8 +/- 2.6 mm), being statistically different (P < 0.05). The satisfactory rate of nose wing in the test group (86.3%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (62.4%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The advantages of presurgical orthodontic treatment of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate in infants are as follows: repositioning the premaxillary segment, reducing the width of palate cleft, correcting the nasal deformities and facilitating surgical repair of cleft lip and palate.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed2005

[Different histological changes of hard palates in rats with different areas of denudated bone].

PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between the histological changes of the denudated bone in the hard palate of rats and its sizes. METHODS: Sixteen three-week-old SD male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (a control group and 3 experimental groups). In the three experimental groups, one and two and three quarters of the bilateral palatal mucoperiosteum were excised respectively. One animal in each group was sacrificed every two weeks and the histological differences were observed. RESULTS: Different histological changes were found among the groups. When the denuded part was over half of the palate, tight connections between scar tissues and both the palatal bone and the periodontal fibers were observed. Many necrotic bone tissues appeared in the mid-palate if more than three quarters of areas were exposed. CONCLUSION: Different sizes of denuded bone may lead to different histological appearances. Structures and tissues change more when denuded part of the bone is larger.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Clinical study on the stability of palatal implant anchorage].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical stability of the palatal implant anchorage system in orthodontic treatment. METHODS: Sixteen osseointegrated implants (5.0 mm in diameter, 6 mm length) were inserted in the median palatal suture area of 19 patients with malocclusion (average age: 18.22 +/- 7.10 years, from 11 years to 35 years 1 month) as anchorage of active orthodontic treatment with MBT appliance. The standard lateral cephalogram after implant placement and before implant removing was taken to compare the radiological parameters. RESULTS: The successful rate of palatal implant anchorage was 84.2%. The average duration of 16 palatal implant was 23.08 +/- 8.06 months (from 10 months to 36 months). There were no statistical differences in all parameters from the implant placement to the end of treatment. IL-X was from (62.88 +/- 5.85) mm to (62.45 +/- 6.70) mm, IL-Y was from (36.66 +/- 5.41) mm to (37.96 +/- 4.90) mm, IAP-PP was from (73.81 +/- 8.84) degrees to (74.72 +/- 9.22) degrees, IAP-Y was from (62.09 +/- 9.33) degrees to (63.85 +/- 10.96) degrees, U6-Y is from (20.80 +/- 5.87) mm to (21.49 +/- 6.00) mm. CONCLUSIONS: Stable palatal implant anchorage was maintained during active orthodontic treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[The occurrence of the cleft lip and/or palate in cleft-twins].

UNLABELLED: Twin pregnancies are associated with an increased risk of congenital malformation, illness and higher incidence of newborns during labour. They are noticed to have been more frequent in Poland in recent years. Based on the hospital records we reviewed the most common facial anomaly in twins--the cleft lip and palate. The frequency of this malformation occurrence in Poland is 1:502 in newborns. The etiopathogenesis of this malformation, in 17-20%, results from genetic factors. Researches on the occurrence of cleft lip and palate in twins strongly confirm the heredity of the malformation. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: The analysis of the occurrence frequency of the cleft lip and/or palate in cleft-twins was the main objective in our study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the study of 21 sets of cleft-twins, 6 of them were monozygotic and 15 were dizygotic. It was assessed on the basis of data that was received from parents, same-sex twins and physical likeness. Twin-siblings who had cleft anomalies, always had cleft lip and palate or an isolated cleft palate. RESULTS: The outcome showed that twins were not a subject to increased or decreased risk of cleft anomalies. Moreover, clefts did not increase the risk of twin-siblings labour. The hypothesis that a monozygotic twin pregnancy is a factor of increased risk of cleft anomaly was not confirmed. Presented data can be used in genetic counseling. In all likelihood, in the nearest future there will be chances for working out the cleft prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: Twin pregnancy does not changes risk of cleft anomaly and its occurrence does not increase of twin-siblings labor.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed2006

[The usage of inferior turbinate mucoperiosteal flap for repairing cleft palate].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a technique for closing the cleft of nasal aspect at the junction of the hard and soft palate and ensuring the wound healing well during the procedures of repairing broad cleft palate. METHODS: A inferior turbinate mucoperiosteal flap based posterior is designed and transposed to the junction of the hard and soft palate for decreasing the tension effectively and closing the cleft easily. RESULTS: All of the patients showed wound healing well and no distinct scars or palatal fistula. CONCLUSIONS: It is a simple and effective technique to decrease the tension and close the cleft of nasal aspect at the junction of the hard and soft palate with inferior turbinate mucoperiosteal flap.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2006

[Reconstruction of eyelid with hard palate mucosa autograft after resection of Malignant tumor of eyelid].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of the eyelid reconstruction using hard palate mucosa graft after resection of malignant tumor of eyelid. METHODS: From January 1998 to October 2003, 18 cases of malignant tumor of eyelid underwent the eyelid reconstruction with local flap grafting and hard palate mucosa autotransplantation. Of 18 cases, there were 10 males and 8 females, aging from 35 to 67 years. The defect was caused by basal cell carcinoma of eyelid in 10 cases, by carcinoma of meibomian glands in 6 cases and by squamous cell carcinoma of eyelid in 2 cases, including 12 cases of complete eyelid defect and 6 cases of 2/3 eyelid defect. RESULTS: The appearance and function of the eyelid in all cases were almost normal after the eyelid reconstruction with hard palate mucosa autotransplantation in replacing posterior layer of eyelid. The complete eyelid closure and no entropion were observed in all cases. The infection and contracture of the graft, immunologic rejection were not observed in all cases during the follow-up period of 6 to 48 months. CONCLUSION: The eyelid reconstruction using autotransplantation with hard palate mucosa in replacing posterior layer of eyelid was easy-to-operate and has satisfactory clinical effect. The hard palate mucosa as substitute of tarsus is superior to the traditional substitute.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Developmental disturbances of medial part of face of patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate with special consideration of a nose].

UNLABELLED: Cleft is a developmental malformation, which is defined as a partial or complete lack of anatomic tissues continuity in typical areas of disorders in embryological face development. The reasons for cleft formation are not completely recognised but many hypotheses indicate both environmental and genetic factors as possible sources. The list of the cleft types is the following: cleft lip, cleft lip and alveolus, isolated cleft palate, cleft lip, alveolus and palate, and combined clefts. The malformation may occur unilateral or bilateral. According to World Health Organization cleft lip and palate is classified in the first ten of the most common developmental disorders, however the bilateral form of pathology is the least popular one. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The aim of the study is the anthropometric measurement of a nose of children and adolescents with bilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate in comparison with data gathered as a result of healthy people measurements. The research was conducted on 26 patients with the malformation: 12 girls and 14 boys at the age range between 7 and 18. The measurements were taken with the use of small bow and slide compasses. For the purpose of the statistical analysis we used formula for standardisation. Both, the arithmetic average and the standard deviation were estimated on the basis of research done on 30 healthy people of same sex and at proper age. Intersexual comparison of these values with the use of t-Student test was done. In order to distinguish homologues features in respect to the comparative group, one-way ANOVA and test post hoc (Duncan) were used. RESULTS: Malformation was mainly reflected in increased width the base of the nose (sbal-sbal), width of nose (al-al) and its small prominence (sn-prn). Increase in head height values together with underdevelopment in sagittal plane was also observable. The increase of upper face height (n-sto) was recognized as stronger in case of females than males with the same malformation. The middle part of face was characterized by increase of height measurements together with sagittal plane underdevelopment. CONCLUSIONS: It was stated that the patients with bilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate tended to have flat and wide nose.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗