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Results for “Needlestick Injuries”

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At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The occupational hazard of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus infection. I. Perceived risks and preventive measures adopted by anaesthetists: a postal survey.

We have conducted a postal survey of members of the Association of Anaesthetists to ascertain perceived risks and preventive measures adopted with regard to the occupational hazard of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis B Virus infection. Despite recognition of the infection risk and the adoption of appropriate measures when managing known infected patients, the majority of anaesthetists have not implemented simple precautions in their daily routine work. Less than 16% of respondents routinely wear gloves and more than one in three still resheath needles. It would appear that the recommendations of the Association with regard to universal safety precautions have not been implemented by the majority of its members.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2004

Hepatitis C: who is at risk and how do we identify them?

The transmission of, and screening for, HCV infection varies considerably throughout the world; differences between resource-poor and resource-rich countries are particularly pronounced. The perspective of this review, principally, is that of resource-rich countries. The UK, particularly Scotland, experience is drawn on.

Hepatitis C↗
PubMed1995

Mandatory HIV testing of patients and professionals: bringing ethics into practice.

A contemporary health dilemma, that of mandatory HIV testing of patients and professionals, is used as a focus for an ethics class. Background material which is given to students is described and referenced. The interjection of ethical theory is described. The exercise has provided an effective focus for medical and health professional undergraduate and postgraduates. It combines contemporary material with ethical theory, and so brings ethics into practice for students.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

Detection of glove puncture and skin contamination during caesarean section.

Measures that can be taken to reduce exposure to potentially infected body fluids are of particular relevance in obstetric and gynaecological surgery due to high rates of glove puncture and relatively higher prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity in the obstetric age group. We describe the use of a simple electronic device that alarms following puncture of surgical gloves or the creation of a fluid bridge between surgeon and patient. Further exposure to potentially infected body fluids is thus prevented. This present study was performed in the context of caesarean section, but the application of the technique to gynaecological procedures is appropriate.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors explaining lack of response to heel stick in preterm newborns.

OBJECTIVE: To determine factors explaining lack of response by preterm newborns to heel stick for blood sampling. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design based on secondary analysis of the control session of a randomized crossover design. SETTING: Four Level III neonatal intensive-care units of university teaching hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: 120 preterm newborns with an average age of 28 weeks postconceptional age. INTERVENTION: 24 newborns who showed a "no change" response according the Premature Infant Pain Profile were compared to the remaining 96 newborns who had shown a pain response. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age (postconceptional age at birth, postnatal age at study), Apgar score at 5 minutes, severity of illness, sex, race, wake/sleep state, previous study sessions, total number of painful procedures since birth, and time since last painful procedure. RESULTS: After stepwise logistic regression analysis the variables remaining in the final model that explained the difference between the groups were postnatal age at time of study, postconceptional age at birth, time since last painful procedure, and wake/sleep state. CONCLUSIONS: Newborns who were younger, asleep, and had undergone a painful event more recently were less likely to demonstrate behavioral and physiologic indicators of pain.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of staples vs suturing for securing central venous catheters.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether skin staples can be used to secure central venous catheters as effectively as does suturing. METHODS: A prospective, randomized trial of techniques to secure a central venous catheter was performed in a medical school human anatomy laboratory using human cadavers. Central lines were secured to the upper left thorax using either standard suture material (000 silk) or skin staples (5.7 mm x 3.8 mm). Once secured, an upward force was applied to the hub of the catheter perpendicular to the skin. The amount of force needed to break the catheter hub free of the skin was measured in kg. A total of 10 measurements were made for each of 3 methods for securing the catheters (2 sutures, 2 staples, 4 staples). In addition, the site of catheter breakage was recorded. RESULTS: Those catheter hubs secured by 2 sutures required a mean force of 3.1 +/- 0.5 kg to cause breakage, and the break always occurred at the suture. Those hubs secured by 2 staples gave way at 3.0 +/- 0.3 kg (p = NS), while those secured with 4 staples gave way at 4.5 +/- 1.4 kg (p < 0.05). Although 1 hub did break, in all other stapled cases, the break occurred at the staple. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this cadaver model, use of staples appears to be as effective as suturing for securing central venous catheters. Further studies of safety and time for placement are needed.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1996

Effect of time of day and duration into shift on hazardous exposures to biological fluids.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether hospital employee biological hazardous exposure rates varied with time of day or increased with time interval into shift. METHODS: This was a retrospective occurrence report review conducted at a university hospital with an emergency medicine residency program. Health care worker biological hazardous exposure data over a 30-month period were reviewed. Professional status, date, time, and type of exposure (needlestick, laceration, splash), time interval into shift of exposure, and hospital location of exposure were recorded. Hourly employee counts and risky procedure counts were matched by location with each reported exposure, to determine hourly rates of biological hazardous exposures. RESULTS: Analysis of 411 recorded exposures demonstrated that more people were exposed between 9:00 AM and 11:00 AM (p < 0.05), yet the exposure risk did not vary significantly when expressed as the number of exposures per worker or per procedure. Of the 393 exposures with data describing time interval into shift when the exposure occurred, significant numbers of exposures occurred during the first hour and at shift's end [when corrected for exposures per worker (p < 0.05) or exposures per procedure (p < 0.05)]. CONCLUSION: While the number of exposures are increased in the AM hours, the exposure rate (as a function of workers or procedures) does not vary with time of the day. However, the exposure rate is increased during the first hour and last 2 hours of a shift. Efforts to increase worker precautions at the beginning and end of shifts are warranted.

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗