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PubMed1993

Economic internationalization: the new migration in Japan and the United States.

"The general proposition argued in this paper is that international migrations are embedded in larger social, economic and political processes.... The first section of the paper addresses the impact of economic internationalization on the formation of new immigration flows into the U.S. during the last 25 years. The second section examines both the magnitude and forms of Japan's recent economic presence in South and Southeast Asia. The third and fourth sections briefly review questions of policy in the U.S. and Japan during the last few years.... The fifth section conveys evidence of illegal immigration to Japan. The sixth section discusses conditions in receiving countries that make possible the adaptation of immigrants with a view to understanding how illegal immigrants in Japan could become part of the Japanese economy involving Japanese employers deeply steeped in an anti-immigration culture." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Acculturation↗
PubMed1997

Violence against women migrant workers: issues, data and partial solutions.

"Despite the creation of specific norms, procedures, and institutions to protect women migrant workers, serious gaps remain. Statistics for measuring violence are not compiled comprehensively or regularly. Two occupations that increase the risk of violence are domestic service and entertainment-related services. Migration through illegal channels and trafficking also increase the risk. This article suggests a list of indicators to measure violence of three major types: (1) economic, (2) social/psychological, and (3) physical/sexual. Evidence from several countries to document instances of violence is reviewed. Major policy issues for the sending and receiving countries are outlined, and some recommendations for addressing such violations are made."

Behavior↗
PubMed1994

[Population, migration, and development].

"Rapid demographic growth in Africa has not been accompanied by economic development. It has generated important flows to the North. Family planning programs will not be sufficient to solve the problems caused by...demographic growth and they will most likely increase in the future. Controls of these [outflows] are unlikely to effective. Under these conditions, only the economic development of the South will allow the limitation of outmigration." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Africa↗
PubMed1983

Metropolitan growth and population development at the national level.

The importance of treating urban populations as heterogeneous when making national population forecasts is the main theme of this paper. "It hypothesizes that large metropolitan areas exhibit specific patterns of migration, age composition, and fertility when compared with urban areas as a whole. In particular, such areas are characterized by relatively low levels of reproduction." The impact of the urbanization process on demographic change at the national level is emphasized. The authors examine the demographic structure of large metropolitan areas in highly urbanized countries and present comparisons with the structure of the total urban population. They then focus on the case of a developing country, the Republic of Korea, for which alternative patterns of urban development are considered. Issues concerning policies of urbanization and population redistribution are also discussed. Comments by T. R. Lakshmanan (pp. 39-41) and Ahmed Seifelnasr (pp. 42-3) are also included.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1992

Clandestine labor migration to Taiwan.

"Illegal migration to Taiwan is a recent phenomenon but with a rapid rate of increase. Most illegal foreign workers enter on visitor's visas and overstay. This paper's detailed analysis of official data reveals that Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia and Thailand are the major sources, providing a stock of mostly male workers numbering around 40,000. Sociodemographic and attitudinal changes among Taiwanese workers coupled with labor shortages in low-skilled jobs are pressuring the Taiwanese government to formulate plans for a systematic importation of foreign labor."

Asia↗
PubMed2000

Policies of deterrence and the mental health of asylum seekers.

In the past, most refugees who permanently resettled in the traditional recipient countries of North America, Europe, and Australasia were screened prior to arrival in a host country. In the last decade, increasing numbers of unauthorized refugees or asylum seekers, those who formally lodge application for refugee status in the country in which they are residing, have applied for protection after crossing the borders of these countries. Concerns about uncontrolled migration have encouraged host countries to adopt policies of deterrence in which increasingly restrictive measures are being imposed on persons seeking asylum. These measures include, variously, confinement in detention centers, enforced dispersal within the community, the implementation of more stringent refugee determination procedures, and temporary forms of asylum. In several countries, asylum seekers living in the community face restricted access to work, education, housing, welfare, and, in some situations, to basic health care services. Allegations of abuse, untreated medical and psychiatric illnesses, suicidal behavior, hunger strikes, and outbreaks of violence among asylum seekers in detention centers have been reported. Although systematic research into the mental health of asylum seekers is in its infancy, and methods are limited by sampling difficulties, there is growing evidence that salient postmigration stress facing asylum seekers adds to the effect of previous trauma in creating risk of ongoing posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychiatric symptoms. The medical profession has a role in educating governments and the public about the potential risks of imposing excessively harsh policies of deterrence on the mental health of asylum seekers. JAMA. 2000;284:604-611

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1988

[Demographic change and French Quebec].

"The socio-political climate and the dissemination of demographic results interact very closely over language matters in Quebec. An examination of the decline of the French-speaking population in North America casts some doubt on the thesis of the linguistic polarization of Canada. An overview of the factors which determine the future size and linguistic composition of Quebec's population shows that French Quebec has arrived at an extremely critical turning point. The most recent results on interprovincial migration and language shift will likely encourage a firm and careful language policy, in order to avoid the prospect of losing ground to English." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Americas↗
PubMed1993

Current trends and patterns of female migration: evidence from Mexico.

"This study uses a new source of data to assess trends and patterns of female migration from Mexico. Data were collected from migrants interviewed in ten Mexican communities from 1987 through 1990, as well as from outmigrants from those communities who were later located in the United States. The first part of the analysis examines changes in migrant behavior throughout the 1980s by estimating trends in the probability of first-time and repeat migration and by assessing the impact of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) on these trends.... The study then considers the determinants of female Mexican-U.S. migration by examining whether and how women's recent moves reflect their personal characteristics, the resources in their households, or a process of family reunification." This paper was originally presented at the 1992 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.

Americas↗
PubMed1995

The 1995-96 migration program.

"In May 1995 the [Australian] Government announced an increase in the migration program for 1995-96. The implications for family and skilled migration flows to Australia are explored." Topics considered include family migration; increased migration from China; skilled migration and the Australian labor market; immigration selection since March 1993; and the case of doctors trained overseas.

Asia↗
PubMed1985

Interurban flows of population and occupational skills to three cities in Nigeria.

"This article examines interurban flows of population and occupational skills to three cities in Nigeria. The analyses are based on sample survey data collected in the cities of Benin, Ibadan, and Kano in 1973 and 1974." The results indicate that most migrants were repeat movers, and that interurban migration predominated. However, whereas men brought a wide range of occupational skills, most women came with traditional-type skills or as housewives.

Africa↗
PubMed1995

[Rural emigration in the inter-Andean valleys of Bolivia].

"Inscribed within an ancient national tradition, rural emigration in the interandean valleys of Bolivia is gaining importance. The country's contemporary crises and the immigration policies of the host countries maintain the flux trend towards Argentina while enabling new destination targets: the United States, and more recently Israel and Japan. In these Bolivian lands, the emigration derived income provides the driving force of family economies and triggers development of the local territory. At the same time, emigration induces a process of socio-economic differentiation in peasant communities which weakens the food-system and increases family nutritional risks in the populations marginal to this migration system. In addition to these mutations there is a strong sociocultural destructuring which affects community-cohesion in local societies." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Americas↗
PubMed1988

Mexican migration to the United States: defacto rules.

"Migration from Mexico to the United States is viewed very differently by those two nations. The United States perspective is that of illegal immigrants invading their nation, especially during times of national unemployment. From the Mexican perspective, people migrate across the border in response to quite predictable labor supply and demand pressures. The fact that for many years the United States held undocumented labor to be punishable for the worker but not for the employer suggests a tacit recognition of the labor supply/demand factor, but a recognition tainted by discrimination."

Americas↗
PubMed1992

The future of Western Samoan migration to New Zealand.

"The history of Samoan migration to New Zealand, a demographic profile of the migrants, and the future of such migration are discussed. Migration became a serious phenomenon after independence in 1962, with primarily young, unskilled workers moving to take up jobs in the agricultural and service sectors. Remaining essentially unchanged since 1962, New Zealand's immigration policy gives preferential treatment to Western Samoans and recognizes their valuable labor contribution. The future of migration to New Zealand is discussed in the context of the costs and benefits to Western Samoa.... The author argues that emigration has been beneficial rather than deleterious to Western Samoa's development...." Data are from official sources.

Demography↗
PubMed1989

Estimating the immigration multiplier: an analysis of recent Korean and Filipino immigration to the United States.

"This article explores the effect of 'chaining' through the petitioning of relatives on the demand for future immigrant visas [to the United States]. The data for the study come from a 1986 survey of 3,911 respondents from the Philippines and the Republic of Korea who were interviewed in Manila and Seoul just after they had received their U.S. immigrant visas. Analyses are conducted to derive different types of multipliers that may be used in estimating the effects of chain migration.... The empirical results for the Philippines and Korea indicate that the potential for future immigration through the family reunification entitlements of the immigration law is lower than has previously been suggested." This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1987 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index, Vol. 53, No. 3, Fall 1987, p. 385).

Americas↗