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PubMed1992

Biomedical engineering. A means to add new dimension to medicine and research.

Biomedical engineering is an evolving science that seeks to insert technically oriented and trained personnel to assist medical professionals in solving technological problems in the pursuit of innovations in the delivery of health care. Consequently, engineering solutions are brought to bear on problems that previously were outside the training of physicians and beyond the understanding or appreciation of the conventionally educated electrical or mechanical engineers. This physician/scientist/engineer team has a capability to extend medicine and research far beyond the capability of a single entity operating alone. How biomedical engineering has added a new dimension to medical science at the Kennedy Space Center is described.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1992

[25 years of pathology at Neuchâtel].

The article introduces the Neuchâtel Institute of Pathology (INAP) which celebrated its 25th anniversary in 1991. The institute is organised according to the statutes of a private foundation, the State of Neuchâtel covering the excess running costs. The task of INAP is fulfilled by its services of clinical pathology which have evolved differently according to each sector. The autopsies reached their peak in 1979, a progressive decline in number is noted since then. The biopsies have increased regularly, especially since 1985. The service of cytopathology has had an irregular development and is actually in full expansion. The article then shows the solutions that INAP has found in the technical and medical fields. The role of medical informatics, introduced in 1983, is pointed out. In conclusion, we discuss the current and future questions of our discipline and their possible solutions in an institution such as ours.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2003

Programming secure mobile agents in healthcare environments using role-based permissions.

The healthcare environment consists of vast amounts of dynamic and unstructured information, distributed over a large number of information systems. Mobile agent technology is having an ever-growing impact on the delivery of medical information. It supports acquiring and manipulating information distributed in a large number of information systems. Moreover is suitable for the computer untrained medical stuff. But the introduction of mobile agents generates advanced threads to the sensitive healthcare information, unless the proper countermeasures are taken. By applying the role-based approach to the authorization problem, we ease the sharing of information between hospital information systems and we reduce the administering part. The different initiative of the agent's migration method, results in different methods of assigning roles to the agent.

Access to Information↗
PubMed2003

How to identify and assess tasks and challenges of Medical Image Processing.

Research in Medical Image Processing (MIP) is mainly driven by a technology-oriented point of view. However, as an application-oriented field, MIP research should always be able to give an answer to the question of what is the potential benefit of a solved MIP problem or a newly developed MIP-based system supporting a diagnostic or therapeutic process, in terms of outcome criteria like e.g. Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) for the patient or cost savings in health care. As one subtask of establishing a Reference Image Database for MIP R&D Groups, the Working Group on Medical Image Processing of the European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI WG MIP) works on an answer. This paper presents the concept and the strategy of how the Most Relevant MIP problems (MRMIP) shall be identified and assessed in the context of improving evaluation of MIP solutions.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improving the patient experience with information technology.

It has been proven in many different studies that information technology solutions can improve information transfer, workflow, and communication, resulting in marked improvements in patient safety and overall quality of care. However, equally important but not often emphasized is the potential for information technology to improve the patient experience by making a positive impact on the care that matters most to patients and their families.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Deriving design recommendations through discount usability engineering: ethnographic observation and thinking-aloud protocol in usability testing for computer-based teaching cases.

Usability engineering often involves experimental evaluation designs carried out in special usability laboratories. Though becoming more popular in medical informatics, the approach is little used. Possibly this is because of the expense involved in set-up, data collection, and data analysis. Excellent results may be obtained, however, by employing discount usability engineering and qualitative methods of data collection and analysis to generate recommendations to improve usability. A prototype computer-based teaching case was evaluated in a discount usability engineering approach by combining modified ethnographic observation with simplified thinking aloud protocol. Data was collected and analyzed using standard approaches for qualitative data. This approach led to helpful recommendations for designing teaching cases. The project team believes this economical approach to usability testing may be helpful to others engaged in interface design.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMed2003

One-on-one proficiency training: an evaluation of satisfaction and effectiveness using clinical information systems.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of a one-on-one training method for advanced proficiency in the use of clinical information systems (CIS) by clinicians (physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners) in a large HMO. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of 129 clinicians. MEASUREMENTS: Satisfaction was measured using a multi-item satisfaction index. Perceived effectiveness of the training was measured by assessing self-reported improvements in efficiency in CIS. RESULTS: Response rate of 80%. The one-on-one method was significantly preferred over any other teaching methods (p<.0001). Improvement in use of the electronic medical record was greatest following one-on-one training when compared to other CIS components. Major improvements (i.e., >3 on 5 point Likert scale) in use of the electronic medical record were reported by 61.4% of the clinicians. Overall satisfaction was significantly higher among women (p<.05). CONCLUSION: The findings support the assumption that one-on-one training is of value to clinicians and that this training modality is valued above other methods.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed1992

Developing a clinical hypermedia corpus: experiences from the use of a practice-centered method.

This paper outlines a practice-centered method for creation of a hypermedia corpus. It also describes experiences with creating such a corpus of information to support interprofessional work at a Primary Healthcare Center. From these experiences, a number of basic issues regarding information systems development within medical informatics will be discussed.

Hospital Information Systems↗
PubMed1992

Using ethnography to build a working system: rethinking basic design assumptions.

The problem of user acceptance of knowledge-based systems is a current concern in medical informatics. User acceptance should increase when system-builders understand both the needs of potential users and the context in which a system will be used. Ethnography is one source of such understanding. This paper describes the contribution of ethnography (and an anthropological perspective) during the first year of a three-year interdisciplinary project to build a patient education system on migraine. Systematic fieldwork is producing extensive data on the information needs of migraineurs. These data call into question some of the assumptions on which the project was based. While it is not easy to rethink our assumptions and their implications for design, using ethnography has enabled us to undertake this process relatively early in the project at a time when redesign costs are low. This should greatly improve our chances of building a system that meets the needs of real users, thus avoiding the troublesome problem of user acceptance.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed2004

School of thought.

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Career Mobility↗