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PubMed1991

The West German health care system: a critique.

Several leading health policy staff of the AFL-CIO and major unions met with the Board of Physicians for a National Health Program (PNHP) in May 1990. They described the active discussions currently ongoing within the AFL-CIO Health Care Committee, which is composed of 14 international union presidents and sets AFL-CIO policy on health care issues. Some union presidents reportedly favored a single-payer, Canadian-style approach, while others apparently preferred a proposal modeled after the West German system, which preserves a major role for insurance companies. The PNHP Board was emphatic in its preference for the single-payer approach. Board member Dr. Vicente Navarro wrote the following letter to the union presidents on the AFL-CIO Health Care Committee detailing his critique of the West German approach.

Canada↗
PubMed1980

Mortality of male members of the Danish semiskilled workers' union. Standardization by county.

The mortality of male members of the Danish Semiskilled Workers' Union in 1973 has been analysed in an earlier publication. The aim of the present study was to see if previously indicated trends are being maintained after standardizing mortality rates by county for the period 1973-75. Although regional variations are seen, standardization by county produces only slight differences in age and cause-specific standardized mortality ratios. Earlier members of the Semiskilled Workers' Union, especially in younger age groups, are confirmed. Low mortality in older age groups, which show a deficit of deaths from circulatory diseases and other chronic illnesses, suggests the possibility of a survival population effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Nurses' knowledge of aspects of the trade union system].

The democratisation of the work place has implications for the nursing profession where conflict exists between the registered nurse as employee and professional practitioner with related professional-ethical responsibilities, and membership of a trade union with access to industrial action. It appears as if trade unions have recruited a significant number of nurses as members over the last few years. The aim with this research is to determine the knowledge of registered nurses with regard to aspects related to trade unions. An exploratory and descriptive research design was followed, utilising a structured questionnaire in a survey to determine the knowledge of registered nurses on certain aspects related to trade unions, within the context of hospitals in Gauteng and in the Free State. The study reveals inadequate knowledge of registered nurses regarding aspects related to trade unions (average percentage of knowledge is 33.8%) and empowerment through education in this regard seems necessary.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1997

Health and safety (consultation with employees) regulations 1996.

The Health and Safety Commission (HSC) introduced the Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996 (HSCER) on 1st October, 1996. The HSCER 'top up' the existing Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1997 (SRSCR). The HSCER require employers to consult with all employees, not just those covered by representatives appointed by recognised trade unions, on matters relating to health and safety. Employers have the choice of consulting whether directly with employees or via elected representatives.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A qualitative investigation of organizational issues in an alcohol awareness program for blue-collar workers.

PURPOSE: To explore sociopolitical and organizational issues in worksite alcohol health promotion. Few such programs are reported in the literature. DESIGN: Qualitative data were gathered during the development and implementation phases of a program through focus groups, key informant interviews, and observations made by the research team. SETTINGS AND SUBJECTS: One hundred and ninety-nine blue-collar workers from a private company (a group which was also involved in a randomized controlled trial) and 123 workers from four other organizations (nontrial groups) received the intervention. The nontrial groups were used to pilot-test the intervention and in a post-trial assessment. All companies were located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. INTERVENTION: Two worksite health promotion sessions on responsible drinking were given to small groups of workers. MEASURES: The reactions of workers, unions, and employers to the program and to the evaluation trial were observed. The viewpoints of key informants were solicited through semi-structured interviews. Analysis was accomplished through several cycles of memo writing. RESULTS: Alcohol is a sensitive subject when discussed in worksite group settings. Our data suggest that there are alcohol problems in the workplace of which coworkers are clearly cognizant. In one setting the intervention led to the development of organizational rules regarding workers who reported to work inebriated, where this behavior had been previously tolerated. The sessions were better received when disease concepts were avoided. Evaluation research on alcohol requires particular care with confidentiality and ongoing communication with all stakeholders, especially unions. CONCLUSIONS: Worksite health promotion regarding alcohol is feasible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

Setting norms in the United Nations system: the draft convention on the protection of the rights of all migrant workers and their families in relation to ILO in standards on migrant workers.

The author reviews the U.N.'s draft proposal concerning the rights of migrant workers and their families. "This article examines the nature and scope of obligations under the United Nations Convention and contrasts them with existing international standards. In the light of the elaboration of the U.N. Convention, the conditions of future normative activities to limit negative consequences of a proliferation of instruments and supervisory mechanisms are outlined." Consideration is given to human and trade union rights, employment, social security, living and working conditions, workers' families, expulsion, and conditions of international migration. (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Demography↗
PubMed1981

[Requirements of occupational medicine from the trade union point of view].

Swiss trade unions have long ago recognized occupation health problems. They have cooperated in many attempts to improve the health of the working population. Difficulties in promoting occupational health are partly due to the specific Swiss situation--relatively good health status of the Swiss working population but an occupational medicine rather weak in number and prestige--and the over-emphasis of the economic aspects of work. Rapidly developing technologies make the calculation of risk and the proper allocation of causes more and more difficult. Trade unions have an important role to play as an active partner in the development of occupational health. They stand for independence of occupational physicians and the participation in planning and deciding working conditions. The Swiss trade unions thereby do not merely aim at the elimination or limitation of the risks to health but also at working conditions that permit the full development of the human personality.

Labor Unions↗
PubMed1990

An analysis of hospital union election activity: 1985-1987--by hospital ownership, size, and system, and employee organization and bargaining-unit size.

During the three-year period 1985-1987, there were 238 elections in nongovernmental, short-term hospitals to determine whether or not unions would represent the employees. Unions had a success rate of 47.1 percent, similar to that of earlier years. This study reports these election results by hospital and election characteristics. For hospitals, the analysis includes elections by census region, ownership, bed size, and multi-institutional characteristics. For elections, the analysis includes the nature and type of election, employee organization, and employee bargaining-unit-size characteristics. This study concludes that the number of union elections decline as hospital bed size increases, and the union success rate is curvilinear and higher in both small and very large hospitals; union success declines as bargaining-unit size increases. Investor-owned and nonprofit, religious hospitals that are members of multi-institutional systems have lower union success rates than nonsystem hospitals do in their ownership category. However, unions are much more successful in multi-union and decertification elections compared with single-unit elections and initial recognition elections.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1979

The British National Health Service 1948-1978: should we start again?

The author concludes that since the British National Health Service is the product of a complex history, it is impossible th start again: however, the removal of three factors and the development of one would greatly improve it. The factors to be removed are: (i) the witch hunt against management, which has become the scapegoat for other ills; (ii) the medical model of health care, which is no longer relevant or practical; (iii) the industrial model, which has forced the NHS into an inappropriate style of management, trade unionism and employment patterns. The factor to be developed is the clinical skill of the nurse; such development requires improved educational opportunities and a clinical career structure.

Collective Bargaining↗
PubMed1988

The development of Canadian nursing: professionalization and proletarianization.

In this article, the development of nursing in Canada is described in terms of three major time periods: the emergence of lay nursing, including organization and registration, 1870-1930; the move to the hospital, 1930-1950; and unionization and the routinization of health care, 1950 to the present. This development is viewed in the light of the orienting concepts of professionalization, proletarianization, and medical dominance (and gender analysis). This historical trajectory of nursing shows an increasing occupational autonomy but continuing struggles over control of the labor process. Nursing is now using theory, organizational changes in health care, and credentialism to help make nursing "separate from but equal to" medicine and to gain control over the day-to-day work of the nurse. Nursing can thus be viewed as undergoing processes of both professionalization and proletarianization. As nursing seeks to control the labor process, its occupational conflicts are joined to the class struggle of white-collar workers in general. Analysis of nursing indicates the problems involved in sorting out the meaning of concepts that are relevant to occupational or class analysis but which focus on the same empirical phenomenon.

Canada↗
PubMed1988

Professionalism vs. unionism: a dual loyalty dilemma.

Present economic conditions are causing growing uncertainty surrounding employment. This is a concern in all fields, including the health care industry. Guarantees negotiated into union contracts address job security, wages and benefits, and present tantalizing solutions to employee problems. Consequently, serious questions are raised for the professional. Can unionization and professionalism be compatible? This paper attempts to examine several ethical dilemma facing the therapeutic recreation professional and all other health care professionals.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1998

Industry's perception and use of occupational exposure limits.

Market research was carried out to determine industry's perception of occupational exposure limits (OELs) and the extent to which they influence the selection of measures to control exposure. Telephone interviews were carried out with 1000 randomly selected users of chemicals, 400 from establishments with some use of chemicals and 600 from establishments with chemicals in daily use. 150 interviews were also carried out with Trade Union Health and Safety Representatives. The interviews covered basic information on chemicals used, sources of information, risk reduction measures used and understanding of COSHH and OELs. Most respondents came from firms with 10 employees or less (75%, all user group; 57%, heavy user group), closely reflecting the profile of British industry. In contrast, most (77%) Trade Union Health and Safety Representatives came from firms with at least 100 employees. Respondents in the all user group were drawn from across the whole range of industrial activity, whereas the heavy users were concentrated in manufacturing. The results showed that in making decisions on what control measures to use most users rely heavily on information from suppliers and personal experience and rather less on information from sources such as Trade Associations and HSE. Most respondents reported that steps were taken to protect employees. The use of personal protective equipment featured highly, followed by process controls. Little consideration was given to the possibility of substitution. Awareness of COSHH was limited with 65% of the all user group and 53% of the heavy user group being unaware of any legal requirements for establishments which manufacture or work with chemicals. Awareness of OELs was similarly limited with 19% of the all user group and 32% of the heavy user group having any real understanding. The results from Trade Union Representatives showed that overall they are somewhat better informed than chemical users in the small firms surveyed.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1997

How the occupational physician works with the unions.

A few attitudinal and behavioural principles will bring about a productive liaison between the occupational physician and trade unions. An effective working relationship with these organizations and employee associations can be developed, provided the occupational health care professionals are impartial in their practice, the loyalty to medicine replacing any bias toward the favouring of a managerial view. Respect must be given union officials, for in their organization they have status and can advance or defeat various health programs. Union representation on an occupational health committee will gain union support and minimize the filing of health-based grievances. The presentation of occupational health information at union meetings will communicate the goals of in-plant programs and familiarize workers, through their accustomed channels, with the objectives of health care policies and procedures.

Health Education↗
PubMed2002

Role of trade unions in workplace health promotion.

Since the 19th century, workers have organized in trade unions and parties to strengthen their efforts at improving workplace health and safety, job conditions, working hours, wages, job contracts, and social security. Cooperation between workers and their organizations and professionals has been instrumental in improving regulation and legislation affecting workers' health. The authors give examples of participatory research in occupational health in Denmark and Finland. The social context of workplace health promotion, particularly the role of unions and workers' safety representatives, is described in an international feasibility study. Health promotion is rife with fundamental political, socioeconomic, philosophical, ethical, gender- and ethnicity-related, psychological, and biological problems. Analysis of power and context is crucial, focusing on political systems nationally, regionally, and globally. The authors advocate defending and supporting workers and their trade unions and strengthening their influence on workplace health promotion. In the face of rapid capitalist globalization, unions represent a barricade in defense of workers' health and safety. Health promoters and related professionals are encouraged to support trade unions in their efforts to promote health for workers and other less privileged groups.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1975

The purposes of unionization in the medical profession: the unionized profession's perspective in the United States.

In the age of the common man, and ever bigger government, inexorable forces have been interposed between the traditionally independent physician in the Golden Age of Medicine in the United States and his patients. These forces; and associated pressures; come from the insurance industry, the hospital industry, and government involvement in the financing of health services. With these forces arrayed against the physician, the author contends that only medical unionism can protect his best interests and can at the same time serve as an effective consumer advocate for the public.

Delivery of Health Care↗