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Results for “Imitative Behavior”

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At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

A treatment protocol for young children at risk for severe expressive output disorders.

The proposed protocol is intended for use with young children who are at risk for severe expressive output disorders in the presence of typically developing receptive, play, and cognitive abilities. It is specifically designed for children who exhibit avoidance of verbal interaction and poor imitative skills. The approach follows a normal progression of sound and syllable structure development and is sequenced so that targets emerge into conversational speech as soon as possible.

Child Language↗
PubMed1986

Clustering of teenage suicides after television news stories about suicide.

We examined the relation between 38 nationally televised news or feature stories about suicide from 1973 to 1979 and the fluctuation of the rate of suicide among American teenagers before and after these stories. The observed number of suicides by teenagers from zero to seven days after these broadcasts (1666) was significantly greater than the number expected (1555; P = 0.008). The more networks that carried a story about suicide, the greater was the increase in suicides thereafter (P = 0.0004). These findings persisted after correction for the effects of the day of the week, the month, holidays, and yearly trends. Teenage suicides increased more than adult suicides after stories about suicide (6.87 vs. 0.45 percent). Suicides increased as much after general-information or feature stories about suicide as after news stories about a particular suicide. Six alternative explanations of these findings were assessed, including the possibility that the results were due to misclassification or were statistical artifacts. We conclude that the best available explanation is that television stories about suicide trigger additional suicides, perhaps because of imitation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The impact of televised movies about suicide. A replicative study.

Gould and Shaffer studied suicides by teenagers in the New York City area before and after three fictional films about suicide were televised, and presented evidence suggesting that the films were followed by a significant increase in teenage suicides. Using their methods, we studied teenage suicides in California and Pennsylvania before and after the television broadcast of the same three films. In these states, there was no evidence of an increase in teenage suicides after the films were shown. This remained true when data for New York from the study of Gould and Shaffer were combined with our data from California and Pennsylvania. We conclude that it is premature to be concerned about possibly fatal effects of fictional televised films about suicide.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Does visual perspective matter in imitation?

Theories purporting to explain the cognitive processes underlying imitation and its taxonomic distribution have proliferated in recent years but a common assumption is that imitators must adopt a model's mental or visual perspective. Data on thirty-six adult subjects were used to test the hypothesis that imitative learning of knots would suffer a decrement proportional to the disparity of visual perspectives on the task that the subject held between observation and performance. There was no significant effect of visual perspective on performance, nor was there a trend in the predicted direction. This was in spite of significant preferences on the part of subjects for minimising the angle of disparity, assessed both by their behaviour and introspective report. The cognitive basis for human imitation is discussed in the light of these findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Early neuropsychological correlates of later clock drawing and clock copying abilities among school aged children.

Although widely used in empirical study and bedside neuropsychological evaluation of geriatric populations, there is little literature on clock copying and drawing among children. However, existing research suggests that clock drawing tests (CDTs) may be effective and efficient tools for assessing neurocognitive development in children. This paper reports data on clock drawing on demand (CDT-D) and clock drawing to copy (CDT-C) among a non-clinical sample of elementary school aged children and identifies predictive relationships between earlier measures of executive function, visuo-construction, and visual-motor coordination and CDT performance 3 years later. Similar to findings with adult samples, analyses revealed better performance on copying than on drawing. Longitudinal analyses indicate that general intelligence significantly predicted performance on both tasks. Visual-motor coordination only predicted performance on the drawing on demand subtest of the CDT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Effects of coaching on malingered motor function profiles.

Measures of motor functioning were evaluated to assess a nonphysiological performance pattern initially revealed in a sample of litigating patients with postconcussive syndrome (grip strength < finger tapping < grooved pegs). The opposite pattern is observed in patients with traumatic brain injury, whose performance follows a gradient of increasing impairment corresponding to the sensory-motor complexity of these tasks. Naive and coached malingerers performed worse on all three motor tests relative to controls (N = 92); however, the presence of nonphysiologic configurations showed poor predictive accuracy among malingerers and controls. Exploratory analyses suggested that IQ may mediate the ability to dissimulate successfully. Although worthy of additional study, the use of pattern analysis in evaluation of malingered motor functioning has not been proven reliable or valid.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Say it with me: stuttering inhibited.

This study examined fluency enhancement in people who stutter via the concomitant presentation of silently mouthed visual speech. Ten adults who stutter recited memorized text while watching another speaker silently mouth linguistically equivalent and linguistically different material. Relative to a control condition, in which no concomitant stimulus was provided, stuttering was reduced by 71% in the linguistically equivalent condition versus only 35% in the linguistically different condition. Despite being an 'incomplete' second speech signal, visual speech possesses the capacity to immediately and substantially enhance fluency when it is linguistically equivalent to the intended utterance. It is suggested that fluency enhancement via concomitantly presented external speech is achieved through the extraction of relevant speech gestures from the external speech signal that compliment the intended production, thereby compensating for possible internal inconsistencies in the matching of speech codes in people who stutter. As visual speech perception relies on fewer redundant cues to demarcate the intended gestures, when used as an external stuttering inhibitor, higher degrees of linguistic equivalence seem to be necessary for optimal stuttering inhibition.

Adolescent↗