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PubMedDate not supplied

Distinction of males of the Lutzomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) species complex by ratios between dimensions and by an artificial neural network (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae).

The females of the two species of the Lutzomyia intermedia complex can be easily distinguished, but the males of each species are quite similar. The ratios between the extra-genital and the genital structures of L. neivai are larger than those of L. intermedia s. s., according to ANOVA. An artificial neural network was trained with a set of 300 examples, randomly taken from a sample of 358 individuals. The input vectors consisted of several ratios between some structures of each insect. The model was tested on the remaining 58 insects, 56 of which (96.6%) were correctly identified. This ratio of success can be considered remarkable if one takes into account the difficulty of attaining comparable results using traditional statistical techniques.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Climatic and geographic influences on arboviral infections and vectors.

Those components of climate that are likely to have major effects upon the geographical distribution, seasonal incidence and prevalence of vector-borne diseases are described. On the basis of existing and predicted climatic variations, examples are given of the types of changes that are to be expected, using several internationally important human and animal arboviral diseases including Rift Valley fever and African horse sickness.

African Horse Sickness↗
PubMed1970

Two viruses isolated from rodents (Clethrionomys gapperi and Microtus pennsvlvanicus) trapped in St. Lawrence County, New York.

Four strains of C. gapperi virus were isolated from 3 Clethrionomys gapperi and 47 strains of Microtus virus from 15 Microtus pennsylvanicus and 1 Mus musculus. One of the Microtus strains was isolated from a pool of 20 mites while the others were from rodent tissues. These agehts were insensitive to ether and sodium desoxycholate, withstood freezing at -70 C for 3 years and lyophilization without loss of titer, and were not killed when heated at 60 C for 1 hour. Their size as determined by filtration was less than 50 mg and greater than 20-35 mmicro. The strains within each group appear to be similar. The illness induced in suckling mice by the C. gapperi agents had a 5-day incubation period followed by prostration and death with a histologic picture of extensive encephalomalacia. The incubation period in mice for the Microtus agents was 9 to 11 days followed by convulsions and death. Histopathology showed meningeal infiltration and necrosis of the molecular layer. No antigenic similarity was detected between the C. gapperi and Microtus viruses by cross complement-fixation test.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of West Nile virus in tree canopy-inhabiting Culex pipiens and associated mosquitoes.

Culex pipiens was the dominant mosquito captured in a West Nile virus (WNV) focus in Stratford, Connecticut. More Cx. pipiens were captured in Centers for Disease Control miniature light traps baited with CO(2), quail/hamster traps, and mosquito magnet experimental (MMX) traps placed in the tree canopy than in similar traps placed near the ground. Significantly more Cx. pipiens were captured in MMX traps placed in the canopy than in the other traps tested. Ninety-two percent and 85% of the 206 and 68 WNV isolations were from Cx. pipiens in 2002 and 2003, respectively; 5% and 12% were from Cx. salinarius. Eighty-five percent and 87% of the isolates were from mosquitoes captured in the canopy in each of the two years. The significantly larger numbers of WNV isolates from Cx. pipiens captured in the canopy are attributed to the significantly larger numbers of Cx. pipiens captured in the canopy in comparison to those captured in traps near the ground.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Changes in range of mosquito-borne diseases affected by global climatic fluctuations].

Climate models suggest the strong possibility of range increase of the diseases transmitted by parasitic arthropods, mostly mosquitoes. In predicting processes of malaria and Dengue diseases dispersion the estimation of risk is based mostly on reproduction rate of vector species. These models allow to calculate the critical threshold of host density which is necessary to maintain parasites and pathogens transmission. Such studies based on integrated mathematical modelling indicate widespread increase of risk due to expansion of the areas suitable for mosquito-borne diseases transmission. This predicted increase is the most pronounced at the borders of the endemic areas and at higher altitudes within malaria and Dengue areas. The simulated change in mosquito-borne diseases risk must be interpreted on the basis of local environmental conditions as well as the effects of socio-economic developments and control disease programs. Apart from mathematical models the sequencing of proteins and DNA of vectors and their pathogens as well as satellite technology (GIS) are taken into consideration. It is supposed that potential impact of global climate change on malaria and Dengue risk can be reduced by constant warning system based on biological monitoring of mosquito vector species and their pathogens. Efficient care system connected with full diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of transmission diseases are also required.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Relationship of Borrelia burgdorferi to its arthropod vectors.

At the IV International Conference on Lyme Borreliosis, a workshop was held to identify the unique development of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, in its established and suspected arthropod vectors. The following is a summary of the panel's discussions of research aspects concerning relationship(s) of this borrelia to its vectors, and the mode(s) of its transmission to animal hosts.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Use of monoclonal antibodies for the antigenic analysis of West Nile viral strains isolated in Madagascar. Contribution to the understanding of the epidemiological cycle].

The antigenic relationship of 53 MADAGASCAR West Nile isolates to each other and to the two prototype viruses (Eg 101 and G 2266) was assessed using monoclonal antibodies. In MADAGASCAR exist 5 antigenic groups: 4 which are much closer to the Egyptian strain Eg 101 than to the Indian, and antigenically distinct from South african H 442 strain. One other is closely related to Indian strain G 2266. Antigenic variations are observed in every periods of transmission cycle. Some differences between strains isolated in a same region are also observed. MADAGASCAR is an exchange place for West Nile virus through the instrumentality of migratory birds.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Visceral leishmaniasis in Ordubad District, Nakhichevan ASSR].

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) focus in the Ordubad District of the Nakhichevan ASSR has become active for the last years. Complex study of the focus, performed in 1985-1987, allowed to establish the following: VL causative agent, circulating in the Ordubad District belongs to the Leishmania infantum species. It was identified by isoenzymatic analysis (for 12 enzymes) and the Adler serological test. Disease cases prevailed in the upper part of the town of Ordubad and were confined to a small area (4 adjoining streets). Little children (up to 2 years old) prevail among patients. Spatial distribution of the disease correlated with indirect EIA data on healthy urban population (3116 persons examined) and stray dogs (152 animals examined). Mean percentage of positive assay results for the titers ranging from 1:80 to 1:20 was 8.0, for human population of Ordubad, and 19.1 for the dogs. Ten Phlebotominae species were found in Ordubad and its suburbs: Phlebotomus (Laroussius) major, Ph. (L.) kandelakii, Ph. (Adlerius) halepensis, Ph. (A.) balcanicus, Ph. (Phlebotomus) papatasi, Ph. (Paraphlebotomus) sergentii, Ph. (Par.) caucasicus, Ph. (Par.) alexandri, Sergentomyia dentata, S. palestinensis. Authors suggest that stray dogs are reservoirs of infectious agents in the Ordubad focus, while Phlebotominae of the Laroussius and Adlerius subspecies are disease carriers, the disease being regarded as a Mediterranean form of visceral leishmaniasis.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Recurrent fevers].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological study of onchocerciasis and malaria in Bamendjin dam area (Cameroon). Malacologic fauna and risks of schistosomian introduction (author's transl)].

Report of survey in Bamendjin dam area indicates that 25 p. 100 of the population have a blood smear positive for malaria (P. falciparum) and 80 p. 100 have a positive indirect immunofluorescent test for malaria. The vector is A. funestus. In male inhabitants 23,2 p. 100 of the snip-biopsies are positive for O. volvulus and 40 p. 100 of the indirect immunofluorescent test are positive. In female inhabitants the respective ratios are 14,4 p. 100 and 48,8 p. 100. There is no urinary or intestinal schistosomiasis in this area but specimens of potential vectors have been detected.

Adolescent↗