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At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow.

Osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow remains one of the leading causes of permanent elbow disability in adolescents and young adults engaged in throwing sports or gymnastics. The insidious onset of lateral elbow pain and restriction of full extension should alert the physician and prompt further investigation. Early recognition and appropriate treatment may allow for the prevention of long-term sequelae. Conservative care following early detection provides the best opportunity for a complete recovery. Surgical management at this point consists primarily of excision or removal of the osteochondral fragment with drilling or burring of the base of the lesion. Prognosis is fair with approximately half of all patients experiencing chronic pain or limitation of motion in the elbow. Research efforts are currently focusing on the treatment of established articular surface defects. Newer procedures such as the transplantation of osteochondral, perichondral, and periosteal tissues, chondrocyte transplantation, and the biochemical manipulation of the chondrocyte environment may provide us with exciting new approaches to an old problem. Osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow continues to present a difficult challenge to the treating physician. The current literature provides very little guidance for the clinician but active and innovative investigations into the treatment of articular cartilage defects may soon provide the answers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Peripheral muscle strength in stable COPD patients: correlation with respiratory function variables and quality of life].

The aim of this study was to assess peripheral muscle strength in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using a simple test and to look for correlation with function variables, physiological strength variables and quality of life parameters. Twenty-three COPD patients with moderate to severe air-flow limitation (FEV1 = 39 +/- 12%) in stable phase but displaying inability to carry out daily tasks were enrolled. Peripheral muscle strength was assessed in all patients by measuring the maximum load in a single repetition of five simple upper and lower extremity exercises performed at a multi-gymnastics station. Results were compared to respiratory function variables (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and gasometry), to results of an exercise test on a cycle ergometer with monitoring of respiratory gases (VEmax, VO2max and Wmax), to endurance (minutes) to dyspnea (Mahler's scale) and to quality of life (Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire-CRDQ). No relation between functional parameters and endurance in minutes was found. Minute ventilation (VE) proved to be significantly related to oxygen intake (VO) and maximum work in the stress test. Dyspnea on Mahler's scale was unrelated, but fatigue variables and emotional function variables on the CRDQ were related. We conclude that peripheral muscle strength is unrelated to level of flow limitation or exercise tolerance in COPD patients. Peripheral muscle strength is related, however, to maximum work load and some aspects of quality of life.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Optimal function and health.

Regular physical activity is essential for the optimal function of many vital organs and tissues, and for general function. I am less sure about its direct and significant effects in the area of preventive medicine, but I can mention much indirect evidence to justify a whole-hearted promotion of physical exercise. Information about diet and exercise should be tied together. My present prescription for exercise is as follows: Daily -- at least 60 minutes of physical activity, not necessarily vigorous, nor all at the same time. During your daily routine, moving, walking, climbing stairs, etc., whether for one minute 60 times per day, 12 minutes 5 times a day, or any combination totalling 60 minutes, will burn up approximately 300 kcal (1.2MJ). Weekly -- at least two or three periods of 30 minutes of intermittent or sustained activity at submaximal rate of work (brisk walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, cross-country skiing, gymnastics etc.) are necessary for maintaining good cardiovascular fitness, and will consume an additional 750 kcal per week (3MJ).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sponsorship and sacrifice in the historical development of Canadian physiotherapy.

The Canadian physiotherapy profession developed from a small group of British nurse-masseuses, the Incorporated Society of Trained Maseuses (ISTM). In the early 20th century, ISTM-certified massage practitioners and remedial gymnasts began to organize to form a society that would strive for professional recognition and protection in Canada. The fledgling physiotherapy profession sought and received assistance from the medical profession. In return, physiotherapists accepted medical supervision. The two world wars provided impetus to the development of physiotherapy, in achieving both professional status and expansion of demand for physiotherapy services. By the 1960s, demand had produced nine new university physiotherapy programs in Canada. More physiotherapists were graduating in Canada than were arriving from other countries. Physiotherapists tolerated medical dominance during the 1950s and '60s, but grew increasingly restive while they developed their own professional competence, body of knowledge and political awareness. By the 1980s, most physiotherapists sought a collegial relationship with medicine. They no longer felt the need for medical sponsorship. The profession was involved in active struggle to achieve legislative recognition of its standards, modes of practice and claim for authority as a self-regulating profession, and in resistance to dominance by any other profession. This article places the development of physiotherapy in the historical, class, and gender context of Canadian society.

Canada↗
PubMed1999

[Treatment satisfaction in cardiologic rehabilitation and attitude to various forms of rehabilitation].

A great majority (85% to 92%, N = 196) of the cardiological patients in inpatient rehabilitation, who were investigated in this study, expressed clear satisfaction with inpatient care and in particular with medical treatment as well as with the commitment and skills of doctors and other caregivers. The usefulness of treatments and measures was mainly confirmed, especially with respect to remedial gymnastics, physiotherapy and rehabilitation sports. But unspecific offers of inpatient rehabilitation are obviously also evaluated positively, e.g. "distancing from everyday stress" and "cultural events" outside the clinics. Relaxation training and psychosocial counseling were used only by one third approximately, but most of the users gave "useful" or "very useful" evaluation ratings. 77% would again choose inpatient rehabilitation if they were confronted with this decision. 15% would prefer partial-hospitalization, only 4% ambulatory rehabilitation. 36% say that "near-home rehabilitation" basically is more favourable, but 33% prefer the opposite and say that rehabilitation far away from home has greater advantages. Only 8% consider ambulatory rehabilitation a possible replacement of inpatient rehabilitation, 66% say it is complementary to the inpatient mode.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Prospective study of the long-term effectiveness of inpatient rehabilitation of patients with chronic cervicobrachial syndromes and the effect of prescribing special functional pillows].

In order to investigate the long-term effect of clinical rehabilitation measures as well as the additional effect of prescription of a special pillow in patients suffering from chronic cervicobrachialgia a total of 149 patients was investigated. All patients suffered from chronic cervicobrachialgia and were admitted for rehabilitative treatment in the orthopaedic Elfenmaar-Klinik of Bad Bertrich. For a four-week period the patients were treated with physical therapy including gymnastics, electrotherapy, thermotherapy, and massage. Additionally they underwent a health-promoting programme specially designed for patients with spondylopathia. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, one receiving a special pillow (Curavario, Pala-Medic-Company) for the use during and after the rehabilitative treatment (n = 76 or n = 73, respectively). For two weeks before the treatment, during the four-week treatment period and for two weeks after the treatment the patients had to fill in a questionnaire, comprising among others six questions on the intensity of their cervicobrachialgic symptoms (pain-intensity [local pain, radiation of pain], muscular tenseness, paraesthesia and sleep disorders [caused by pain or paraesthesia]). Three, six, and nine month after the treatment period the patients received a similar questionnaire. Immediately after the treatment period a significant reduction of mean pain intensity and muscle tenseness (p < 0.001; Rep.-Mes.-ANOVA) was found. At the same time significantly lower frequencies of pain radiation and sleep disorders caused by pain or paraesthesia (p < 0.001; chi-square-test) were found. During the following nine months the intensity of the symptoms slightly re-increased, however, all parameters were still reduced nine months after treatment compared to the values before treatment (p < 0.01). Before and during the treatment no difference between the two groups could be detected, however, the follow-up showed significantly lower scores of pain intensity (p < 0.05; Student-t-test) and sleep disorders (p < 0.01; chi-square test) in the patients who had received the special pillow. It is concluded that the rehabilitative treatment is effective in patients suffering from chronic cervicobrachialgia and that the complaints in the post-treatment period can be reduced by prescription of special pillows.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The treatment of superficial burns of the hands under controlled microclimate conditions].

In the treatment of the superficial burns of the hands, since October 1996, we have used exclusively the method of the controlled microclimate, verified in different variants starting early sixties. At the end of the usual primary wound treatment, the hand covered with the chosen topic is an ordinary new polyethylene bag. The bags are not pre-sterilized but the test showed no pathogen germs. The patient uses the hands for the daily activities--eating, reading. He/she is encouraged to perform active exercises (light gymnastics). We change the bags daily or whenever necessary, after a careful of the wound. We evaluated the healing time, the epithelial quality, secretions, mobility, patient's and medical personnel's acceptability, and the economic aspect. Though we couldn't notice a shorter period of healing, the epithelium showed a better quality in the early period of regeneration. The range of mobility was faster restored but long term results were the same as with usual dressings. We consider the method is appropriate for standardization in superficial hand burns in inpatients or outpatients for at least 4 reasons: comfort for the patient, his active and conscious participation in the process of healing, high acceptability among medical personnel, the semnificative economic advantage.

Burns↗
PubMed1975

[Treatment of progressive muscular dystrophy].

The paper summarizes experience in treating 306 patients with progressive muscular dystrophy during different phases of the disease. The treatment was made with due consideration for a disturbed protein metabolism, a decreased permeability of the membrane in muscular filaments, a normalization of the metabolic product supply from the blood, improvement of the blood flow and cardio-vascular and respiratory insufficiency. The treatment was carried out in the form of a continuous use in in- and out-patient conditions of a session of anabolic hormones, vascular dilatative drugs, anticholinesterase preparations, amino acids, vitamins, drugs facilitating the cardio-vascular and respiratory activity. Besides, the patients were treated by oxygenobarotherapy, muscular electrostimulation by currents of sound frequencies, remedial gymnastics, massage, hypdrotherapy, etc. The authors propose typical treatment complexes. A follow-up study of patients who received a full course of therapy during three years demonstrated its effectiveness which was expressed by the absence of clinical signs of progressiveness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Characteristics influencing changes in aerobic performance of children aged 7-9.

Interpretation of the actual level of aerobic endurance in a growing child is difficult. Endurance capacity per se is influenced by a number of factors, e.g. by genetic endowment, developmental rate, body composition and habitual physical activity. The respective effects of these factors cannot be distinctly separated from one another, so their particular role is not clearly definable in the various age periods. The aim of our investigation was to define the actual level of aerobic endurance performance in children aged 7-9, and to analyse the relevant factors that may affect this kind of performance according to the different level of sport activities. Two primary school classes (N=42) were selected for the experiment. Both groups had physical education classes every day (five times a week). One group (AG, N=31) consisted of children taking part in regular sport courses at least twice a week (e.g. basket ball, karate, triathlon swimming and gymnastics), as well, the other group (NAG, N=11) served as comparison group. Aerobic performance was estimated by measuring cardiorespiratory response during a Jaeger treadmill run using a "vita maxima" (all-out) testing protocol. The subjects were measured in the Laboratory for Spiroergometry of the Hungarian University of Physical Education twice, in 1997 and 1998. Body composition was assessed by the Drinkwater-Ross [4] body mass fractionation technique. Robustness of the body was described by using the plastic index (PLX) of Conrad's growth type [2], morphological age (MORF AGE) was estimated by using the method of Mészáros and Mohácsi [5]. Exercise performance was studied in the laboratory by using a Jaeger 6000 LE model treadmill and a Jaeger mu-DATASPIR model gas analyser. The functional status of the subjects' cardiopulmonary system was estimated by spiroergometric parameters and total mechanical work (WORK). The AG group had a better endurance performance in 1998 than that of non-athletic group. A factor analytic study (principal component method) of the employed variables revealed that the higher level of endurance fitness in the athletic group was not only affected by growth in size, but also by an increased level of cardiorespiratory performance capacity.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed2001

[Toe phasic posture reflex: description and distribution among patients with neurological disease and in the general population].

A clinical sign is described consisting of a brief extension of the toes after upward tapping of the plantar surface of their terminal phalanges. Electrological data support the hypothesis of a long loop reflex, which we call the "toe phasic posture reflex" (TPPR). In a preliminary study, this sign was observed in patients with central nervous system disease, especially in subcortical brain disorders regardless of etiology. In Parkinson's disease, it was seen mostly in severe and postural forms. Among 237 healthy subjects, it was observed in none of those under 70 years old (n=116), and in 10p. cent of those over 69 years and doing no sport (n=132), but in none of those doing regularly gymnastics or swimming (n=29). TPPR could thus be a sign of motor and especially postural aging.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Total hip prosthesis and sport (author's transl)].

The artificial replacement of the hip joint has become a routine operation the assessment of load resistance of the total hip prothesis (THP), on the other hand, is very variable. If at all possible, a THP should only be implanted in elderly people usually with the object of obtaining painless and improved walking ability. Occasionally, however, the question of the possibility of sports activities arises. But for this there are no practical pointers for better orientation. Therefore 120 operated patients under the age of 60 were questioned in detail on their sports activities and followed up. Then an attempt was made to classify the types of sport. Swimming, cycling, gymnastics, walking and rowing seemed suitable.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Sudden death and physical activity and sports].

A growing number of people are involved in recreational physical activity. We examined the clinical and cardiac pathological patterns in 29 persons who died suddenly during a sport activity and were autopsied at the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Paris, 1990-1999. Twenty-seven males ranging in age from 13 to 57 years, mean 30.5, and two females, 8 and 60 years old, died suddenly during a sport activity. The sports included running, 11 cases; cycling, 4; soccer, 3; swimming, 2; basket-ball, 2; rugby, 1, gymnastic exercises, 2; tennis, 1; gockart, 1; skiing, 1; hand-ball, 1 case. The causes of deaths were as follows; coronary artery disease, 9 cases; congenital anatomic anomaly of a coronary artery, 1; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 5; right ventricular dysplasia, 3; myocarditis, 2; endomyocardial fibrosis, 1; bridging of the left anterior descending coronary artery, 2; stroke, 2; rupture of aortic aneurysm, 4. Despite severity of lesions, only 4 victims had a known cardiovascular disease. Efforts should be continued to improve sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tools and screening strategies. Therefore, medico-legal autopsies should be systematically performed for a better knowledge of sport-related mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Development of the medical care for schoolchildren in the Netherlands 1796-1904].

The foundations of the school medical service can be found at the end of the eighteenth century. In conformity with the ideas of the Enlightenment the middle class wanted their thoughts on virtue, education, health and social welfare put into practice. During the nineteenth century several laws on primary education were enacted that have been of importance to the medical and hygienical care of the schoolchild and its environment. In 1806 an Act on primary education was accepted that was operative until 1857. The most important change, however, was imposed by the Act of 1900 that introduced compulsory primary education. Improvement of the environment in which children were educated, was the main aim of nineteenth century physicians. They devoted themselves to the improvement of the school climate, light, air, ventilation, heat and school-desks and for the schoolchild more bodily exercise and gymnastics in combination with a reduction of lessons and homework. They argued for lessons in hygiene for pupils as well as for teachers, but got few results on these subjects. In the twentieth century the school physician made his entry into the school. From 1904 on physicians were appointed in an increasing number of municipalities. Their work became part of the municipal health services that were founded during these years.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Community-based programme to promote physical activity among elderly people: the GeroBilbo study.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity in the elderly contributes to maintain muscle function and tone, mobility of joints and fosters social relationships when practised in a social setting, thus contributing to physical, psychological and social well-being. OBJECTIVE: To assess objective and perceived health of elderly people involved in the physical activity programme of Bilbao. DESIGN: Community-based cross-sectional study. Study protocol considered length of involvement in the programme; age, gender, perceived health, remarkable facts in personal and family disease history, as well as consumption of pharmaceutical drugs, tobacco, alcohol and physical activity (n=1500). In a subsample, (n=596; 122 men and 474 women), age range 60 to 89 years, anthropometrical measurements were collected. RESULTS: A considerable proportion (69%) had an active lifestyle and practised other physical exercise or sports, apart from the programme gymnastic sessions. Improvement in physical well-being, entertainment and social contacts were key motivations to participate in the programme. About 70% of the sample had been involved in the programme at least for three years. Mean weight was 75.8 +/-10 kg for men and 66 +/- 9.14 kg for women; mean height was 164.6 +/- 6.5 cm for men and 153 +/- 5.5 cm in the female subgroup. Body Mass Index was (BMI) 27.8 +/-2.8 kg/m2 in the male group and 28.1 +/- 3.6 kg/m2 among females. Prevalence of obesity (BMI > or = 30) was 22.7% for men and 28.9 % for women. CONCLUSION: Community interventions targeted to the elderly with a focus in physical activity, particularly when they are based in group physical exercise and implemented through existing networks are rewarding for old people and highly accepted. They are perceived as a positive influence in their health. Such interventions provide a forum which facilitates implementation of other community health initiatives addressed to this population group.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

[Archival materials collected by Prof. Wiktor Dega in the Department of the History of Medical Sciences, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences - general characteristics].

Interesting archival materials collected by Prof. Wiktor Dega are held in the Department of the History of Medical Sciences belonging to Karol Marcinkowski University. There are mainly personal documents including: a military booklet, passport and different identity cards. They are also the diary from 1913. Noteworthy are the notebooks from his student period and diaries full of reflections from his scientific journeys abroad and chrestomathy from the professional literature. Moreover, the archival material about Prof. Degas' pre-war activity and a organiser of cost-free gymnastic courses for children with posture defects should be mentioned in Poznań. After the Second World War Prof. Dega worked on the Committee of Rehabilitation and Adaptation of Human Beings and organised the Polish Branch of the International College of Surgeons, and materials from that time are also available. Also important are documents associated with Prof. Dega's the Order of Smile from the St. Maria Magdelena secondary school in Poznań. His letters are extremely valuable and the interesting press articles, photos and diplomas are also noteworthy.

Archives↗
PubMed2001

[Overuse injury syndromes of the hand, forearm and elbow].

The basic role of the shoulder, upper arm, elbow, forearm, and wrist is to place the hand in the appropriate position, so that it can fulfill its function. The upper extremity, especially the wrist and the hand, has a very complex anatomy with a large number of bones, muscles, tendons and nerves. They are essential to work and sport activities and are subject to acute and/or chronic mechanical injuries. This is why overuse injuries are the most common in these regions. They are often characterised by tendinitis, tenosynovitis, tunnel syndromes, or stress fractures. This paper gives an overview of the most common overuse syndromes of the hand, wrist, forearm and elbow, describing their characteristic symptoms and methods of diagnosis and treatment. The syndromes are trigger finger, dorsal radiocarpal impingement syndrome (gymnast's wrist), DeQuervain's disease, tenosynovitis of other dorsal compartments, intersection syndrome (oarsman's wrist), flexor carpi ulnaris tendinitis, flexor carpi radialis tendonitis, humeral epicondylitis (tennis elbow), posterior impingement syndrome of the elbow, medial tension and lateral compression syndrome, stress fracture in the hand, wrist, forearm and elbow, and tunnel syndromes.

Cumulative Trauma Disorders↗
PubMed2001

[Tubular aggregate congenital myopathy associated with neuromuscular block].

Various myopathies are described associated with tubular aggregates. However, in several cases tubular aggregates constitute the main structural feature allowing to consider myopathy with tubular aggregates as a distinct entity. A 50-year-old woman whose parents were consanguinous, presented frequent falls. She walked only after 18 months of age and did poorly in gymnastics. The weakness, which has myasthenic feature, involved predominantly the pelvis girdle. The serum creatine kinase was 206 UI/L (normal < 110 UI/L). Electromyogram showed a myogenic pattern in proximal muscles. Repetitive stimulation on the trapezius revealed 50 p. cent decrementing response. Muscle biopsy showed numerous tubular aggregates in type II fibers. Anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies were absent. There was no thymoma. The neostigmine test was negative. Clinical and electrical myasthenic features characterize one of the numerous forms of myopathy with tubular aggregates. In our case, the lack of AChR antibodies and the negative response to neostigmine argue in favor of a dysfunction of the AChR. This unusual observation highlights the therapeutic difficulties in this myopathy with neuromuscular block.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2002

[Causes of sudden death during sports activities in Spain].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Sudden death during sports activities has a profound impact on relatives, society, and athletes. Medical screening programs usually fail to prevent sudden death. We report the characteristics of a series of sudden deaths that occurred during sports in Spain. METHODS: We reviewed cases of sudden death that occurred during sports activities from 1995 to 2001 in the registries of the Institute of Toxicology of Madrid, Spain (Ministry of Justice). RESULTS: The series included 61 cases ranging in age from 11 to 65 years (average 31.9 14.2), 59 males and 2 females. The sports most frequently involved were cycling (21), football (13), and gymnastics (5). The causes of death were atheromatous coronary disease: 25 (40.9%) (23 over 30 years); arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: 10 (16.3%) (7 under 30 years); hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: 4 (6.5%); idiopathic left ventricular hypertrophy: 3 (4.9%); postmyocarditis myocardial fibrosis: 2 (3.2%); dilated cardiomyopathy: 1 (1.6%); congenital anomalies in the origin of the coronary arteries: 2 (3.2%); aortic valve disease: 2 (3.2%); and others: 2 (3.2%). In 10 cases (16.3%) (all under 30), the cause of death was undetermined. In 16 cases (26.2%) there was a known pathological antecedent. The disease responsible for death had been diagnosed in only three cases. CONCLUSIONS: Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and severe left ventricular hypertrophy were the most common causes of sports-related death in persons under the age of 30. In 30% the cause of death was undetermined. Atheromatous coronary disease was prevalent over the age of 30 years and associated with cycling. Medical screening programs actually in use fail to detect a significant proportion of athletes at risk for sudden death.

Adolescent↗