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Results for “Formularies as Topic”

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At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Growth impairment in children with atopic eczema.

Growth was studied in 89 children with atopic eczema aged 1-16 years. Nine (10%) had a standing height below the 3rd centile. Both boys and girls had significantly reduced sitting height but normal subischial leg length, and both sexes had significantly delayed skeletal maturity scores. Impaired growth was particularly associated with widespread eczema, but also with the presence of asthma and the potency of topical corticosteroid. Six of the 15 patients with a corrected height centile below the 10th centile had been receiving potent (British National Formulary category I or II) topical corticosteroids. This study suggests that impaired linear growth is a feature of atopic eczema. While the causes of the growth impairment are unclear, there is a need for caution in the use of potent topical corticosteroids in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Topical corticosteroid prescribing patterns following changes in drug benefit status.

OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in prescribing patterns for topical corticosteroid products dispensed to elderly patients in Nova Scotia, Canada, after all but 2 combination topical corticosteroid products were removed from the Nova Scotia Seniors' Pharmacare Program benefit list. METHODS: Administrative prescription claims from the Nova Scotia Seniors' Pharmacare Program were used to identify the number and costs of topical corticosteroid, antifungal, antibiotic, and combination corticosteroid products dispensed. Time-series analysis was used to compare the periods before (April 1, 1999-March 31, 2000) and after (April 1, 2000-March 31, 2001) the delisting. RESULTS: In 1999-2000, 26,031 of 103 400 eligible elderly patients (25%) and in 2000-2001, 22,837 of 95,550 eligible elderly (24%) received a prescription for a defined topical product. Nova Scotia Seniors' Pharmacare Program expenditures for all topical products decreased from 11.88 to 10.60 Canadian dollars per beneficiary per year (11%) after the policy revision. Topical combination products decreased from 18% of all topical products dispensed to 14%, while the percentage of potent corticosteroid products dispensed increased from 24% to 27% over the study period. Pre- and post-policy time-trend analysis showed statistically significant increasing trends in cost per beneficiary for all topical products and potent corticosteroid products. Combination corticosteroid products showed no change in trends for costs per beneficiary before, and a slight increasing trend after, the policy revision. CONCLUSIONS: Prescribing of topical corticosteroid combination products in Nova Scotia decreased following the formulary revision. There was an increase in potent topical corticosteroid prescribing. Future study involving evaluation of patient outcomes would be useful.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2000

Formulary management.

The hospital formulary is not only a list of drugs, but also a policy that involves several complex processes and activities. Formularies are developed based on cost-effectiveness evaluation, but maintaining cost-effectiveness requires educational strategies. The clinical pharmacist plays an active role in formulary processes. These processes are discussed in this paper. There is a need for studies on the cost-effectiveness of clinical pharmacy services in support of the hospital formulary.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1998

The pharmacoeconomics of high-cost biotechnology products.

Biotechnology products have created therapy options in areas that have been historically limited. These improvements in patient care have resulted in a reappraisal of the emphasis placed on product acquisition costs and a movement toward evaluating the impact of the product on the entire health care system. Strategic planning for biotechnology products allows pharmacists to partner with the medical staff and financial/administrative representatives of the institution to measure clinical outcomes, estimate cost and revenue impact, document utilization, and promote cost-effective use of these new therapies to generate the maximum benefit for dollars expended.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed2005

Tigecycline: clinical evidence and formulary positioning.

Tigecycline, is a novel broad-spectrum glycylcycline antibiotic, which has activity against a broad range of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, atypical, anaerobic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This includes activity against MRSA, VRE and penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Whilst exhibiting antibacterial activities typical of earlier tetracyclines, it has more potent activity against tetracycline-resistant organisms. Although a bacteriostatic compound in vitro, its effectiveness in clinical trials suggests that traditional laboratory thinking about using bacteriostatic drugs in serious infections needs to be revised. Unlike existing tetracyclines, tigecycline is only available as an intravenous preparation, is administered twice daily although its long half life and post-antibiotic effect may make once daily dosing possible, appears to have good tissue penetration (e.g. skin) and requires no adjustment in the presence of renal or hepatic diseases. It is efficacious in complicated skin and soft tissue infections and in intra-abdominal infections. In three trials, it was well tolerated despite increased frequency of nausea and vomiting. In the light of these early clinical data and the likelihood that this agent will become available for clinical use within the next 12-24 months, this review aims to summarise the key clinical data and potential formulary considerations for the future use of this agent, subject to further clinical trials and publication of clinical human data.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the introductory course for nursing licensure. Faculty of Medical Sciences, February-June 1996].

A cross sectional study of 20 nursing baccalaureates, 14 heads of department, 4 methodologists and 2 professors from the faculties of medical sciences of the country was conducted with the objective of assessing the efficiency of the introductory course for future nursing baccalaureates, and of suggesting new topics for its development. A formulary was applied by using the survey method. Primary data were taken and processed by a traditional statistical method. It was proved that 95% of the sample considered this course as important, whereas 85% expressed that students were little motivated, and 35% recommended to make it langer.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nomifensine maleate: a new second-generation antidepressant.

The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, dosage, and formulary recommendations for nomifensine maleate are reviewed. Nomifensine is a potent inhibitor of norepinephrine but has little effect on serotonin. It is unique in that it is a potent reuptake inhibitor of dopamine. Nomifensine is rapidly and completely absorbed and is widely distributed throughout the body. The major route of elimination is through the kidneys. Because of its short half-life and resultant lack of accumulation, nomifensine is usually given in divided doses. Nomifensine is approved for the treatment of depression. In clinical trials with imipramine, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, maprotiline, and various investigational antidepressant drugs, it has been found to be as effective as the standard antidepressant agents. In general, nomifensine has been well tolerated by patients and has caused few side effects. It also has not been associated with serious toxic effects in overdose situations. The usual effective dose of nomifensine maleate is 100-200 mg daily given in divided doses. It appears to be a good choice for patients with profoundly retarded depression and for those who cannot tolerate the side effects of traditional antidepressant drugs. Nomifensine should not be used alone in patients with schizoaffective disorders or in patients with agitated depression. Nomifensine is a safe and effective antidepressant with a fairly unique pharmacological profile. Because the drug is relatively safe and causes little sedation, it may offer substantial advantages over the more traditional antidepressants and should be considered for formulary addition.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1993

Setting standards--antibiotic policies.

It is important to choose appropriate topics for audit in order to produce satisfactory results and maintain interest and enthusiasm. A trail of incomplete audit cycles is unhelpful and demoralizing. The audit should be carefully designed and a vital stage is choosing appropriate standards upon which to measure current performance. An agreed policy provides a practical standard against which to audit the use of antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1999

The emergency drugs box--time for action?

Many GDPs are confused about which emergency drugs they should stock. There is a lack of uniform advice on this topic. Most recommended lists of emergency drugs contain superfluous medications which GDPs would never be expected to use. This paper rationalises the content of the emergency drugs box and provides clear, standardised guidance. A list of ten essential emergency drugs is presented, all of which can be administered by simple routes. Every GDP should be trained and competent to use these essential emergency drugs.

Emergency Medical Services↗
PubMed1998

Teaching clinical pharmacology and therapeutics: selective for fourth-year medical students.

Teaching clinical pharmacology remains both a lifelong learning process and a lifelong challenge for clinical pharmacologists and other medical educators. In the current information age, with an explosion of drug-related data, the prime topic for discussion is how to teach clinical pharmacology. This article describes our response to the challenges in developing a selective course in clinical pharmacology, and our experience from the first 2 years of the course. Our emphasis is on how to provide in an efficient way knowledge, skills, and attitudes students will need as physicians in the coming decades. Faculty from the Center for Clinical Pharmacology at the University of Pittsburgh in conjunction with faculty from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have developed a one-month intensive course in clinical pharmacology. The integrated course program consists of four overlapping components: 1) general clinical pharmacology (focused on individualization of drug therapy); 2) rational prescribing principles (general principles of drug selection, how to prepare a personal formulary); 3) disease-specific clinical topics (pharmacotherapy of diseases and medical conditions most commonly seen in routine medical practice); and 4) workshops for special attention topics (pharmacokinetics, pain treatment, toxicology, dialysis). In congruence with established educational goals, the course includes drug-, patient-, and disease-oriented concepts. A variety of learning formats (didactic and interactive lectures, one-day problem-based learning sessions, small group case discussions, self-directed and small group directed learning, quizzes, and computer-assisted learning) are used to teach students how to apply the general concepts of clinical pharmacology and rational pharmacotherapy to clinical medicine, and to prepare them to become independent lifelong learners in therapeutics. Student feedback from the first 2 years of this course indicates that this multi-modal teaching format is effective. The majority of students who took the course in clinical pharmacology in 1997 found it to be very beneficial.

Curriculum↗