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PubMed1974

Three views (Population and development variables).

Recognition should be given to the fact that population and development variables are interrelated. Population policy should be viewed as a constituent element of socioeconomic development policies, never as a substitute for them. Given the rather limited success of the great majority of national family planning programs in developing nations to date, we fell it is most likely that future reductions in fertility levels in these countries will be effected mainly through programs that serve to promote socioeconomic development and social justice.

Demography↗
PubMed1979

[Wang Feng on family planning].

The population growth rate of the Han people in the Xinjiang Uygur (Uighur) Autonomous Region, northwest China, has dropped from 24.26/1000 in 1975 to 14.86/1000, while the rate in cities and farms densely populated by Han people has been reduced to under 10/1000. This figure was made public recently by Wang Fang, chairman of the regional revolutionary committee, in his work report delivered at the 2nd session of the 5th regional people's congress. The region has a population of 11 million, about 1/2 of whom are people of Han nationality. Wang Feng stressed that Xinjiang's family planning work is mainly to be done among the Han people. "Family planning is not emphasized among the minority nationalities," he pointed, "but technical guidance should be made available for those who have too many children, who have given birth to children at very short intervals or who wish to practice birth control." The objectives set forth by Wang Feng for family planning in the region are: the population growth rate of the region is to drop to about 12/1000 in 1980 and to about 8% by 1985. Practical measures should be taken to reach the objectives, Wang Feng said. They include: improving care for women and children, rewarding couples who limit themselves to a single child and gradually introducing social insurance for old people who are childless; criticizing those cadres of Han nationality who do not practice family planning when they are required to, training personnel to carry out education in birth control, improving related techniques and providing safe sterilization operations; and insuring efficient supply of contraceptives.

Asia↗
PubMed1980

[Sichuan People's Government stresses planned parenthood].

A recent provincial conference on planned parenthood work convened by the Sichuan Provincial People's Government proposed: It is necessary to further strengthen party committee leadership, persistently grasp together the 2 kinds of production, and, while carrying out propaganda and education with great fanfare, adopt legal, administrative, and economic measures to fulfill this year's population plan and unswervingly do a good job of insuring that each couple has only 1 child. A new situation has appeared in the province's planned parenthood work since last year. Some 1,466,000 couples have insured that they will only have 1 child, accounting for 78.8% of the couples of childbearing age who presently have only 1 child. Although the province was facing a peak birth last year, the natural population growth rate actually fell to 6.7/1000. The population growth rate in Mianyang Prefecture has greatly decreased. The population growth rate has now fallen below 5/1000 in 62 counties, municipalities and districts. Mianyang is the largest prefecture in Sichuan. Last year its natural population growth rate fell to 3.5%. Its primary experience is that the leading cadres at all levels must personally and repeatedly grasp the work and grasp together the 2 kinds of production. It is worth noting that, to control the population, it is necessary to strengthen leadership over large and backward counties. If the population growth declines in these counties, it can also decline very fast in a whole prefecture and in the whole province. The conference demanded that the province step up propaganda work and patiently and meticulously carry out persuasive education. The emphasis should be on commendation and reward. It is necessary to take legal, administrative and economic measures against those who refuse to practice planned parenthood despite education and persuasion, in order to stimulate them to mend their ways. After discussion, the meeting put forward a number of views on amending the trial regulations on a number of issues in Sichuan's planned parenthood work. At its conclusion, the conference commended Mianyang, Wenjiang, Chongqing, and Jiangjin prefectures and municipalities and 81 other counties, municipalities, and districts including Shifang, Jiangjin and Guangyuan, and presented awards to them.

Asia↗
PubMed1982

The World Fertility Survey: charting global childbearing.

Interviewing some 350,000 women in 42 developing countries and 20 developed countries representing nearly 40% of the world's population, the World Fertility Survey (WFS) is in a unique position to document the historic 1970s slowdown in global population growth. This Bulletin describes efforts begun in 1972 to ensure high quality, internationally comparable, accessible data, the data's importance for policymakers, planners and researchers, and major findings available by early 1982 from directly assisted WFS surveys in 29 developing countries and contraceptive use data from WFS-type surveys in 16 developed countries. Marital fertility has declined in all developing regions except Africa but still averages from 4.6 children/woman in Latin America to 6.7 in Africa, while preferred family size ranges from 3.0 children in Turkey to 8.9 in Senegal--far above the average 2.2-2.5 children/woman needed to end developing countries' population growth in the long run. However, women ages 15-19 prefer nearly 2 children fewer than the oldest women ages 45-49; 3.8 vs. 5.7 on the average. Nearly 1/2 (48%) of married women surveyed in 27 countreis said they wanted no more children. Preventing all unwanted births would reduce birth rates up to 15 births/1000 population in these countries. Overall, 32% of married, fecund women in developing countries are using contraception compared to an average 72% in 16 developed countries. Education, literacy, and more available family planning services increase contraceptive use. Age at marriage is rising in Asia, but this factor alone has little effect on fertility. Infant mortality is higher in many developing countries than previously thought. Breastfeeding is an important restraint on fertility in most developing countries but is declining among more educated, employed, and urban women which could raise fertility if not compensated for by gains in contraceptive use.

Africa↗
PubMed1990

Psycho-social factors influencing decisions to accept termination of pregnancy in Delhi.

"Among women attending the MTP [medical termination of pregnancy] clinic of the National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi [India], during 1985-86, 135 were interviewed to ascertain the psychosocial factors indluencing their decision to accept MTP. These women's decisions to seek MTP appear to have been influenced by education, number of living children, and the family's socioeconomic condition."

Abortion, Induced↗