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At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Serial electrophysiological study on two infants with acute facial palsy.

Two infants with acute unilateral facial palsy were examined serially as to the electrically and mechanically elicited blink reflex, photo-evoked eyelid microvibration and auditory brainstem response (ABR). The results indicated that in hemifacial palsy beside the affection of the facial nerve also central pathways in the brainstem were involved in the pathogenetic processes. In particular, a neurapraxic change of the facial nerve itself in one case played an important role in pathogenesis, while a wide spread involvement was observed in another case. The clinical recovery of a patient with a wide spread involvement was more prolonged. We suggest that serial determinations of blink reflexes and ABR are helpful in clarifying the underlying pathogenetic processes concerning the brainstem affection during facial nerve palsy.

Blinking↗
PubMed2005

Atypical experience: a case series of pediatric aripiprazole exposures.

BACKGROUND: Aripiprazole is a new psychotropic agent that possesses a unique pharmacologic profile. The drug demonstrates mixed dopamine and serotonin agonist-antagonist activity and has been labeled a third-generation antipsychotic and dopamine-serotonin system stabilizer. Overdose experience is limited, especially in pediatrics. CASE SERIES: Of five pediatric cases identified, toxicity was mainly evident in younger patients. A 2-year-old who ingested 40 mg experienced vomiting and significant lethargy lasting approximately 30 h. A 6-year-old who received two doses of aripiprazole therapeutically experienced lethargy, drooling, and flaccid facial muscles which improved with diphenhydramine. Two adolescents remained asymptomatic despite doses of 120 mg and 300 mg while a third adolescent with an unknown dose experienced transient lethargy. CONCLUSION: Aripiprazole is capable of producing marked lethargy and gastrointestinal upset in pediatric patients. Adolescents in this series experienced only minor, if any, clinical effects. Major clinical effects, i.e., seizures, dysrhythmias, were not reported in this series.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Management of ophthalmic complications of facial nerve palsy.

Six stages--supportive care (with or without tarsorrhaphy), planning for facial reanimation, lower eyelid and lateral canthal resuspension, passive upper eyelid reanimation, dynamic eyelid reanimation, and soft tissue repositioning--should be considered in the management of the ophthalmic complications of facial nerve palsies. Each stage should be considered in order, although action in each stage may not be appropriate for all patients. In addition, after appropriate consideration, two or more staged procedures may be performed at the same time. Treatment may be held at any stage in which the cornea is compensated and the patient is comfortable and happy. By employing this staged approach, the surgeon has a method of organizing therapy in a logical fashion, and the patient is offered a set of reassuring goals, which combine to make the treatment plan more effective.

Eyelid Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of presynaptic nigrostriatal pathway by 123-I-FD-CIT-SPECT (DatSCAN SPECT) in primary orthostatic tremor].

INTRODUCTION: Primary orthostatic tremor (OT) is defined as a clinical syndrome with high frequency (13-18 Hz) tremor when standing predominantly involving legs and trunk. OT is thought to be driven by an unique supraspinal tremor generator. Previous studies suggest that the nigrostriatal dopaminergic transmission is impaired in patients with OT. CLINICAL CASE: All three patients at an age of 56, 45 and 72 years fulfilled the diagnosis criteria of primary OT. The duration of illness amounted to 4, 3 and 1 year, respectively. The three patients had single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using 123-I-FP-CIT as dopamine transporter tracer (DatSCAN). RESULTS: DatSCAN was normal in every patient. CONCLUSIONS: OT is considered to be caused by a central oscillator because high-frequency tremor bursts are time locked in arm, leg, trunk, and even facial muscles and peripheral stimulation does not reset the tremor. Some reports suggest that the central generator may be located in the posterior fossa. In our patients presynaptic nigrostriatal pathway was normal.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Reconstruction of maxillary defects combination with pedicled buccal fat pad graft, temporalis myofascial flap and titanium mesh].

OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of close and three-dimensional reconstruction of maxillary defects combination with pedicled buccal fat pad graft, temporalis myofascial flap and titanium mesh. METHODS: Among 11 patients with maxillary tumors, 9 were malignant and 2 were benign. 8 cases underwent subtotal maxillectomy and 3 cases underwent total maxillectomy. Maxillary defects were closely reconstructed combination with pedicled buccal fat pad graft (BFP), temporalis myofascial flap (TMF) and titanium mesh to restore the profile of maxilla. RESULTS: All flaps were alive with satisfactory function and aesthetic appearance. The uncovered BFP and the facial muscle surface of TMF epithelialized within 4-6 weeks. Their degree of mouth opening ranged from 2.5 to 4.0 cm and without nasal foods return. All patients had a good voice quality. CONCLUSION: Making use of BFP, TMF and titanium mesh can restore the good contour and function of maxillary. It is an effective method of reconstruction of maxillary defects, and is easy to manipulate. It is worthy to popularization.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

[Facial musculo-fascial pain syndrome].

The authors provide the data on the clinical course, differential diagnosis and up-to-date concepts of the etiopathogenesis of the myofascial painful syndrome of the face, on the methods of its treatment and prevention.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Neurological symptoms as the first sign of prostate carcinoma].

Three male patients aged 82, 56 and 60 years presented with cognitive impairment and hemiparesis, weakness of the tongue and facial muscles, and pain and weakness of the left arm, respectively. They were found to have carcinoma of the prostate with cerebral, skull and cervical spine metastases. They were treated with hormonal therapy and local radiotherapy for bone metastases. The first patient died within 2 weeks, the second after 1.5 year, and the third was still alive after 6 years. The diagnostic work-up in men with unexplained neurological symptoms should probably include a rectal exam and assessment of prostate-specific antigen.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

[Peculiarities of development of rat's audiogenic convulsive responses in the period of gestation].

In rats, with genetically determined audiogenic epileptic seizure some peculiarities of convulsive responses before and during gestation as well as after the delivery were studied. Depending on responses to audio stimuli the rats of Krushinsky-Molodkina line might be divided on two groups. The responses of first group are: fear and facial muscles clonus; the responses of other group--fear, wild running and then development of clonic and tonic seizures. The rats of this (second) group were used in our experiments. In the period of gestation: (a) extended latency of development of convulsive activity; (b) significant prolongation of the intervals between wild running and (c) marked reduction of behavioral manifestation of clonic and tonic seizures have been observed. These indicate the strengthening of inhibitory processes in the brain. It is supposed that in the period of gestation in rats with genetically determined to development of audiogenic seizures excess of sexual hormones causes the gaining of anticonvulsive processes in the brain. Evidently, this should be connected with GABA-ergic inhibitory mechanisms of the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

CNS oxygen toxicity in closed-circuit diving: signs and symptoms before loss of consciousness.

INTRODUCTION: There is a dearth of information regarding CNS oxygen toxicity accidents in closed-circuit oxygen diving. The aims of the present study were to report the sensations and symptoms that accompany CNS oxygen toxicity accidents, and to evaluate whether loss of consciousness can occur without any warning signs. METHODS: We documented 36 CNS oxygen toxicity accidents in closed-circuit oxygen diving. The full accident inquiry included the first report from the diving unit, an interview of the victim and his buddy by the researchers, and an examination of the diving equipment. RESULTS: The symptoms that appeared before termination of a dive, as reported by the victim or his buddy, were as follows (in descending order of frequency): limb convulsions; hyperventilation; difficulty maintaining a steady depth; headache; and visual disturbances. The symptoms that appeared after detachment from the mouthpiece were, in descending order of frequency: headache; loss of consciousness; confusion; weakness; dizziness; and facial muscle twitching and limb convulsions. A high inspired CO2 [mean 4.2 kPa (29.9 mmHg)] was connected with loss of consciousness. No dive was terminated before at least two symptoms (mean 3.4) had been noted a minimum of 5 min before termination. DISCUSSION: Symptoms that are accepted as being related to CNS oxygen toxicity, as well as others such as headache, difficulty maintaining a steady depth, hyperventilation, weakness, and a choking sensation, were more frequent among the O2 accident victims compared with divers who did not interrupt their dives. CONCLUSION: Awareness of any unusual sensation can prevent a potentially dangerous situation from arising.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychophysiologic changes in sleep during simulated 200-m heliox saturation dives.

The standard polysomnogram and questionnaire were measured from 4 subjects during 2 simulated 200-m heliox saturation dives. These measurements were performed for 1 precompression night, bottom nights, 4 or 5 nights during decompression, and 1 postdecompression night. Although the subjects reported a marked decrease in quantity and quality of sleep at the bottom, only a slight degree of sleep disturbance caused by frequent awakenings was found in polysomnograms. Throughout the dive period, latency of each sleep stage, quantity of REM sleep, and the REM-NREM cycle showed no changes, whereas quantity of slow wave sleep remained at a low level. From these results it was inferred that basic sleep mechanisms were not affected under 200-m heliox environment. Unusual physiologic phenomena were observed during the dive period. Intermittent diffuse rhythmic theta activity was found in 1 subject at sleep stage REM during the bottom. Rhythmic contraction of facial muscles, which was similar to bruxism, increased, particularly at sleep stage 2 in all subjects during decompression.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Peroperative monitoring of early auditory evoked potentials in microsurgical vascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia or hemifacial spasm].

Intra-operative B.A.E.P. monitoring have been performed in two series of patients who underwent Microsurgical Vascular Decompression (M.V.D.) of the Vth and VIIth cranial nerves in the posterior fossa. The first series consisted of 17 patients among the 400 operated on for Trigeminal Neuralgia (T.N.), the second one also of 17 patients among the 25 treated for Hemifacial spasm (H.S.), over the last four years. The equal number of recorded patients in the two groups is totally fortuitous. The aim of the work was to correlate the electrophysiological changes: 1) to the surgical manoeuvres potentially responsible for B.A.E.P. alterations, in order to modify the M.V.D. technique, so as to minimize the risks of hearing loss, 2) to the eventual post-operative auditory disturbances, in order to define prognostic criteria from B.A.E.P. monitoring. I. Intra-operative B.A.E.P. modifications were graded into 4 categories, according to their degree of severity (table II): minimal changes (category 1), increase in latency returning to normal (2) or without normalization (2a) before end of surgery, abolition or partial decrease of responses returning to normal (3) or without complete normalization (3a) before end of surgery, total B.A.E.P. loss lasting through the entire procedure (4). Patients operated on for H.S. had more often significant B.A.E.P. changes than those with T.N., respectively 10 and 6 for categories 3a and 4 together. Auditory function was at risk mainly during cerebellar retraction (especially if cerebello-pontine angle was approached laterally) and during vascular manipulation of the labyrinthine artery (which can generat vasospasm).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of sleep deprivation in patients with parkinsonism].

The paper is concerned with a pilot detailed study of a single 24-h sleep deprivation (SD) in parkinsonism patients (n-35). The score estimation of the disease clinical signs demonstrated diminution of rigidity, bradykinesia, gait defects as well as of the total score of the patients condition severity. The clinical observations were verified by computer processing of motor tests. SD proved antidepressant in parkinsonism patients. The combination of drug treatment with SD permits a 2-fold and 50% decrease in the treatment duration and daily dose, respectively. A test is proposed for assessing tonicity of facial muscles.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Changes in the blink reflex in patients with essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm].

Electrophysiological investigations have been carried out in 46 patients with essential blepharospasm and 41 with hemifacial spasm. In both diseases reproducible pathologic alterations in the blink reflex were found. In essential blepharospasm a direct R1/R2 transition and a contralateral early component with and without direct transition into the R2C component were recorded. In patients with hemifacial spasm there was a loss of the R1 component in addition. In repeated treatments with botulinum toxin the amplitude (R1,R2) of the blink reflex was reduced in some cases, although in some cases the intensity of spasm was as high as before treatment once the effect had faded.

Blepharospasm↗
PubMed1991

[Ultrastructural changes in the facial nerve root in patients with hemifacial spasm].

Ten facial nerve root specimens obtained from patients with hemifacial spasm were observed under the electronmicroscopy. The axons showed a particular degeneration. Axonal mitochondria and smooth endoplasm showed irregular vacuolization. In severe cases, the mitochondria and smooth endoplasm disappeared. The myelin sheath showed irregular vacuolization, replication, convolution and extensive segmental demyelination. Schwann cells were apparently in a state of degeneration. These changes were not seen in the normal subject. The causes and mechanism of the hemifacial spasm were discussed.

Aged↗