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Tissue effect interventions by means of surgical scalpel, elecrtokauter and CO2-laser ray in the mouth cavity of 20 white rats has been examined. According to their light microscopical examinations both the laser and the electrokauter caused thermal injuries taking place in typical zones while by the scalpel the cut surface in rendered ragged. The band-width of the thermoinjury caused by the kauter is a multiple of that caused by the laser. It has been proved by means of scanning electronmicroscopical examinations that interventions by means of laser result in sharp wound borders, the wounds cut by means of kauter are characterised by the presence of a great number of carbonized specks while by means of the scalpel a mechanical tear of the tissues is brought about. By means of electronmicroscopical examination the characteristics of the typical thermoinjured zones are described. It has been established that in the case of laser the injury of the ultra-structure extends to 400 microns while in case of electrokauter it reaches a width of 1500 microns. The excellent haemostatic effect brought about by the thermoeffect by means of the laser, in contrast to the broad thermoinjured zone caused by the kauter, is obtained at a very mild thermoinjury.
Dissociated neurons from chicken embryo dorsal root ganglia were cultivated in Rose chambers for up to 5 weeks. Newly formed fibers appeared as single fibers or grouped in bundles. During the first week of cultivation microtubules and microfilaments were frequently observed. The diameters of the fibers increased progressively and a number of varicosities appeared. In some distal portions of fibers large vesicles could be observed. During the second week in culture Schwann cells were easily recognized. They appeared as both dark and light cells. During this period myelinization of some fibers was seen to commence. High glucose concentrations were not observed to influence the process of myelinization. Essentially the important factors were the number of cells present in the culture and also the presence of NGF in the medium. Schwann cells myelinated nerve fibers exclusively. Two types of abnormalities in myelin formation were recognized: one Schwann cell myelinating two fibers and one fiber being myelinated twice, by two Schwann cells. Concomitantly with myelinization, myelin degeneration was observed. Histiotypic fascicles, typical constituents of the outgrowth zone of cultivated intact dorsal root ganglia, bundles of fibers, surrounded by connective tissue, are not formed. The surface ultrastructure of nerve fibers, as studied by scanning EM, was seen to be covered by numerous spherical elements as well as by small fibers and irregular elements. The growth cones of fibers were void of any glial contact. Myelinization occupied individual isolated segments along with nerve fibers and evidenced the absence of nodes of Ranvier. Relationships between single elements in the dissociated culture system are discussed, with respect to the possibilities for analysis of some of the elementary mechanisms of cellular and molecular interaction responsible for the development of the peripheral nervous system.
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A new technique for observing the same lung cancer cells by light microscope and SEM was developed. By this technique it was clarified that the surface ultrastructures of epidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and oat-cell carcinoma cells are different from each other. Those of adenocarcinoma and mesothelial cells were quite different. This technique might be of use, adding new information into the ordinary cytologic diagnosis of cancer cells.
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18 nm colloidal gold-antitubulin and 4 nm colloidal gold-antitubulin were used to label microtubules in adherent, fully spread platelets. Both sizes of marker effectively labelled microtubules in the partially extracted platelets. However only the 4 nm gold penetrated the dense microfilament matrix of the inner filamentous zone so that portions of microtubules within this cytoskeletal zone could be tracked. The gold marker could be visualized well with 1 MeV high voltage transmission EM and with 5 kV or greater secondary imaging or 20 kV backscattered imaging of carbon only coated samples. 1 kV secondary imaging permitted high resolution imaging of the surface of tubules and the microfilaments with their respective associated material. Individual gold-antibody complexes were difficult to identify by shape alone due to the tendency of the antibody coats to blend together when in very close approximation and due to the presence of other molecules or molecular aggregates similar in size to the gold-antibody labels. Microtubules were seen to wind in and out of the inner and outer filamentous zones as they encircled the granulomere. Some tubules were seen to "dead end" at the peripheral web. Numerous smaller microtubule loops were present principally in the outer filamentous zone and tubules could be followed as they went from the outer filamentous zone through the inner filamentous zone and into the granulomere.
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