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At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Prevalence of Sarcocystis kirkpatricki Sarcocysts in the central nervous system and striated muscles of raccoons from the Eastern United States.

A retrospective survey of 760 raccoons (Procyon lotor) revealed 9 animals with sarcocysts of Sarcocystis kirkpatricki in their brains. Six of the raccoons also had the organisms in their skeletal muscles, and 1 had them in the heart muscle. No age or gender predisposition was seen. Seven of the raccoons had concurrent viral diseases (canine distemper or rabies), suggesting that concurrent viral infections in raccoons may facilitate infection of brain tissue with S. kirkpatricki.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Pathology of the retina].

Degenerations (atrophies) of the retina are divided into primary (hereditary) and secondary forms including glaucomatous retinopathy of retinal atrophy. The pathogenesis of inflammation of the retina is considered. This condition generally appears in association with inflammation of the choroid (chorioretinitis), but can also occur as an isolated inflammatory condition during infectious disease (distemper). The functional conditions for retinal detachment, its rhegmatogenous and nonrhegmatogenous types, as well as the consequences of retinal detachment are described. Comparison of the pathology of retinal tumors shows that retinoblastoma is not known in animals. However, neuroepithelial tumors like the so-called acquired adenoma and adenocarcinoma of the mature ciliary epithelium as well as the rare congenital tumors of the embryonic neuroepithelium i.e. the medulloepithelioma and the ganglioneuroma are seen in animals. Finally, the rare but not unusual parasitic retinopathies are mentioned.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Molecular-genetic comparison of morbilliviruses which caused epizooty in Baikal (Phoca siberica) and Caspian (Phoca caspica) seals].

The nucleotide sequences were determined for a phosphoprotein gene fragment of canine distemper virus (CDV) by using the RT-PCR method with the subsequent sequencing of amplicons from total RNA isolated from 2 samples of Caspian seals, 15 samples of Baikal seals and from samples of dog's and sea-lion's brains. The above materials were phylogenetically analyzed. The heterogeneity of the virus circulating in the Baikal-seal population was demonstrated. Morbillivirus, that caused epizooty in Caspian seals, was shown to be a CDV variant, whose phosphoprotein gene structure was not different, within the analyzed stretch, from the corresponding gene of the most widespread variant of the Baikal seal virus. The data obtained suggest that morbillivirus could be transmitted by birds during their seasonal migrations.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1992

[Changes in the dynamics of viral infectious diseases].

Modern methods of molecular biology are suitable to analyse evolutionary processes in the area of infectious diseases. Visible expression of this evolution is the emergence of "new" infectious agents, e.g., canine parvovirus, the agent of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and phocine distemper virus. In addition a gradual change of disease syndromes may be observed, e.g., classical and African swine fever and myxoma. These processes are based on genomic changes of the respective infectious agents, i.e., point mutations and recombinations. Especially RNA viruses are prone to genomic change, and the plasticity of their genomes enables them to adapt to varying selective pressures. Human activities in agriculture, global commerce and tourism may enhance and precipitate microbial evolution.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Death from scurvy on Vasco da Gama's first journey to India (1497-1499)].

Alvaro Velho's account of Vasco da Gama's first journey to India (1497-1499), describing, among other things, the anguish and pains suffered by the crew because of scurvy, represents, with the striking vividness of its images, one of the oldest references to a terrifying disease to which seamen then began to be exposed, as well as to the use of fresh fruit, and vegetables as a successful method to rescue them, and in a certain degree, from this distemper at sea. This paper analyzes Alvaro Velho's statements from a scientific point of view, whereas it stresses the accent on what contemporary Portuguese historians, and chroniclers, as well as foreign travellers, and merchants, thought about it, often misinterpretating its causes, just like Alvaro Velho did.

Historiography↗
PubMed2004

Occurrence of non-carious enamelopathies in the children living in the vicinity of the Coal Mine Bogdanka.

The main aim of this study was to examine the incidence of enamelopathies among children from the Bogdanka region. Altogether, there were examined 273 people (aged 7-14) who live in the neigbourhood of the mainfield (group I). The controlled group consisted of 188 children of the same age who lived in the areas free of chemical pollution (group II). The appearing of distempers in the structure of the enamel was marked among 62 people, the majority of whom were the boys (39), girls--23. When it comes to the placement of these changes, they were mostly located in the labial surface of incisors of the maxilla, less frequently in the canines and premolar teeth. On the other hand, just particular changes were spotted in the mandibula. The changes mentioned above were characterized by the white turbidity, were well-limited and did not show the symmetry. In none of the cases the decay appeared as an additional factor. The clinical researches were enriched by the survey research aiming to estimate the existence and the level of discomfort among children suffering from enamelopathies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Measles virus receptors and tropism.

Measles virus (MV) is a member of the Morbillivirus genus in the Paramyxoviridae family. Human signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) acts as a cellular receptor for MV. SLAM is expressed on immature thymocytes, activated lymphocytes, macrophages and mature dendritic cells. This distribution of SLAM is in accord with lymphotropism and immunosuppressive nature of MV. Canine distemper and rinderpest viruses, other members of the Morbillivirus genus, also use SLAM as receptors. Laboratory-adapted MV strains often use ubiquitously expressed CD46 as an alternative receptor through the amino acid change(s) in the receptor-binding hemagglutinin. Furthermore, MV can infect various cultured cells, albeit with very low efficiency, via SLAM- and CD46-independent pathway, which may also account for MV infection of SLAM(-) cells in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A descriptive study of the canine population in a rural town in southern Africa.

The health status of a population of dogs (n = 220) from a rural southern African town is described. A cross sectional survey was done to collect the necessary information. All animals examined were mongrels with a mean condition score of 1.93. The oldest dog found in the population was 8 years old. Rhipicephalus sanguineus was the dominant tick species encountered on the dogs, Echidnophaga gallinacea the dominant flea species, while Cordylobia anthropophaga and Demodex canis also affected the health status of the population. Fourty five per cent of the population were found to have nematode eggs in the faeces. On clinical examination, 5% of the population were judged to be acutely ill and 27% to be chronically ill. Based on the clinical examination, bloodsmears and laboratory results, 51% of the population had one or more serious clinical conditions at the time of examination. The conditions with the highest point prevalence rate in the community were canine ehrlichiosis (17.2%), transmissible veneral tumour (6.8%), canine distemper (5%), Cordylobia infestation (5.5%), trauma (4.1%), and severe malnutrition (4.1%). It was concluded that a significant section of this population was in a chronic state of starvation and malnutrition. There was also a heavy infestation of internal and external parasites and the prevalence of serious diseases in this population was high.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed1991

The seal death in Danish waters 1988. 1. Pathological and bacteriological studies.

During the seal epizootic in Danish waters in 1988 a total of 81 adult seals were necropsied. The cause of death was suppurative bronchopneumonia complicated by pleurisy. Histologically, an interstitial pneumonia with cytoplasmatic inclusion bodies typical of canine distemper was identified in many of the seals. The condition was in many cases complicated with a secondary infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The isolation of the morbilli virus from the Baikal seal Phoca sibirica and its preliminary characterization].

A morbillivirus was isolated from the organs of a seal (Phoca sibirica) which had died during 1987-1988 epizootic in Baikal. This Baikal seal morbillivirus (BSM) was adapted to Vero cell cultures in which it induced a cytopathic effect developing to complete destruction of the monolayer. Typing of BSM was done by indirect immunofluorescence test and enzyme immunoassay using antibodies to distemper and measles viruses. A method for virus concentration and purification was developed. According to electron microscopic examinations, the virus virions were spherical particles of heterogeneous sizes over 100 nm in diameter. The clinical picture of seal infection, pathological anatomy and histopathology are described. A possible role of BSM in the epizootics of Baikal seals is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The neuropathology of martens].

The present knowledge about the neuropathologic findings and postmortem investigation methods in neurologic diseases of martens is reviewed. Following diseases are discussed: encephalitis due to viruses (rabies, distemper), bacteria (streptococcus, staphylococcus), and parasites (toxoplasmosis, hepatozoonosis, nematodes); furthermore, metabolic disorders (amyloidosis, congophilic angiopathy, calcinosis), and congenital malformations.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Neurologic manifestations of trypanosomiasis in a dog.

A 13-month-old Doberman Pinscher was evaluated because of slowly progressive paraparesis and signs of depression. The dog had temporal, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus muscle atrophy, bilateral enophthalmos, superficial inguinal lymphadenopathy, tachycardia with pulse deficits, and lesions of active and inactive chorioretinitis. Neurologic abnormalities included hyperreflexic patellar reflexes, lack of conscious proprioception, signs of superficial pain in the hind limbs, and depressed hopping reflexes in the forelimbs. Cranial nerve abnormalities included decreased sensation in the left nostril and a delayed gag reflex. Results of cerebrospinal fluid analysis were characteristic of nonsuppurative inflammation. A diagnosis of multifocal neurologic disease was made. The dog did not have serum titers for fungal diseases, canine distemper, Ehrlichia canis infection, borreliosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, or toxoplasmosis. The dog did not respond to various antimicrobial treatments, and only slightly responded to corticosteroid treatment. The dog died during an anesthetic procedure. The postmortem diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection (canine Chagas disease) was made on identification of the amastigote form of the organism in sections of brain, spinal cord, and myocardium.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Congenital peripheral vestibular disease attributed to lymphocytic labyrinthitis in two related litters of Doberman pinscher pups.

Five Doberman Pinscher pups from a litter of 10 (litter A) and 3 of 9 pups from a subsequent mating of the same bitch (litter B) had clinical signs consistent with unilateral or bilateral peripheral vestibular disease. Results of CBC, serum biochemical analysis, urinalysis, ophthalmologic examination, deep otoscopic examination, and CSF analysis were normal in all affected pups. Bacteriologic culture results from CSF were negative and affected pups did not have canine distemper antibody titers in CSF. The most severely affected littermates were euthanatized and necropsied at the owner's request. Gross lesions were not found at necropsy, but marked lymphocytic labyrinthitis was discovered microscopically in decalcified sections of the labyrinthine system. The case history and histologic findings were suggestive of an infectious, most likely viral, cause, but organisms were not isolated from specimens of CNS tissue. The involvement of the same bitch in the 2 litters suggests heritable factors. One mildly affected pup apparently recovered or compensated for its vestibular dysfunction.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of the antiviral activity and toxicity of a protein magnesium ammonium phospholinoleate anhydride polymer with other antiviral drugs.

1. SB-73, a magnesium ammonium phospholinoleate anhydride aggregate, exhibited antiviral action in vitro in the concentration range of 50 to 100 micrograms/ml against herpes simplex type 1, stomatitis vesicular virus, adenovirus type 5, and in vivo in the dose range of 0.7 to 1.3 mg/kg against canine parvovirus and distemper virus. 2. The lethal dose (LD50) was 2.71 +/- 1.55 g/kg body weight in mice inoculated intraperitoneally. Oral ingestion of the aggregate up to 30 g/kg body weight by mice had no lethal effects during the 14 days of observation. 3. In in vitro cytotoxicity experiments with fibroblasts (V-79 Chinese hamster cell line), no toxic effects were observed with SB-73 concentrations (120 micrograms/ml) having antiviral activity. 4. In a cellular proliferation experiment using hamster V-79 cells, we observed 72% proliferation after treatment of the cells with a high concentration (500 micrograms/ml) of SB-73. 5. Compound SB-73 showed no genotoxicity for human lymphocytes at concentrations of 100 micrograms/ml. 6. When the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of SB-73 were compared with those of acyclovir, idoxuridine and AZT at 500 micrograms/ml concentrations the compound was found to have effects similar to those of acyclovir.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1990

A case report: encephalitis in lions. Pathological and virological findings.

An acute outbreak of encephalomyelitis in lions from a safari-park was investigated. Three moribund lions were euthanatized and a post mortem examination was performed. A disseminated non-suppurative polioencephalomyelitis with demyelination in the spinal cord was the only pathological finding. From tonsil material of one lion feline herpesvirus type 1 was isolated. Canine distemper virus, pseudorabies virus, feline infectious peritonitis virus and rabies were excluded as cause of the disease. The possible role of FHV-1 in etiology of the disease is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation and properties of hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to the Leningrad-16 measles virus].

A panel of 18 hybridomas producing MCA to measles virus (the L-16 strain) was produced by somatic hybridization method. Thirteen hybridomas produce immunoglobulins of the G class represented by all known subclasses of mouse immunoglobulins; the subclass G 2a is predominant. Five hybridomas produce immunoglobulins of the M class. The resulting preparations of MCA are highly reactive in several serological tests: IFA, NIF, HI, NT. MCA have been divided into 3 groups according to their capacity to combine with three strains of morbilli viruses: L-16, LEC, and carnivora distemper virus (strain EPM).

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The molecular biology of the morbillivirus (measles) group.

The morbilliviruses are a closely related group of important human and animal pathogens. The best known members of the group are measles virus in man and canine distemper virus in dogs. The group also includes two other serious animal diseases, rinderpest or cattle plague and peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats. The latter viruses are of great economic importance in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. Persistence of these viruses in some form is a possible mechanism whereby life-long immunity is conferred on an infected individual. In addition to the severe, often fatal, acute disease these viruses can, in rare cases, lead to a fatal chronic disease of the CNS. Molecular biological studies will be described which are beginning to elucidate their evolutionary relationships and to provide a basis for understanding the role of individual virus genes in pathogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Eurytrema procyonis in a New York fox.

A fox infected with canine distemper virus had multiple Eurytrema procyonis trematodes within the major pancreatic duct. The ductal epithelium was slightly hyperplastic and there was mild periductal fibrosis present. There was dilatation of the pancreatic duct containing the parasites. Numerous eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions were present in the epithelium of multiple organs, including the pancreatic ducts.

Animals↗