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At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Medical aspects of air travel.

Air travel is convenient but can exacerbate underlying medical conditions. Most problems can be related to changes in atmospheric pressure, hypoxia, air sickness and jet lag. International travelers should be counseled about traveler's diarrhea and malaria if they are flying to endemic areas. Pregnancy is not in itself a contraindication to flying. Common-sense recommendations and reassurance can help assuage concerns about prolonged air travel.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1984

[Decompression during lowered air pressure].

A linear relationship exists between the overpressure of inert gases in the tissues which is tolerated without symptoms, and the ambient pressure in the range between 1.0 and 50.0 bar. Sixteen subjects, all residents at normal atmospheric pressure and saturated with a nitrogen pressure of 0.75 bar, were decompressed to an ambient pressure of 0.47 bar (corresponding to an altitude of 6000 m above sea level) in 15 minutes. During a 3 hours' stay at this pressure breathing air, symptoms of hypoxia developed but not arthralgias. After hyperbaric exposures in the range between 4.0 and 5.1 bar breathing air, 103 subjects were decompressed and exposed to an ambient pressure between 0.60 and 0.85 bar after surface intervals of varying duration. In 31 of the 103 subjects, the ambient pressure was more reduced than according to the tolerated linear relation. 7 of these 31 subjects reported light pain in the shoulders of knees during the 2 hours' stay at the reduced ambient pressure. These trials demonstrate that the linear relationship between the ambient pressure and the overpressure of inert gas in the tissues tolerated without symptoms is also valid at altitude.

Altitude↗
PubMed1977

Cerebral air embolism. Report of five cases and review of the literature.

We discuss five patients who had cerebral air embolisms. Clinically, these patients had early seizures, focal neurological findings, or failure to awaken from anesthesia. The patients that survived had minimal neurological deficits. We also discuss the pathophysiology of cerebral air embolism and its differentiation from "the bends." The necessity for recognizing this entity early is important in order to administer appropriate therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The ultrastructural effects of acute decompression on the lung of rats: the influence of frusemide.

Rats were placed in a decompression chamber and the chamber and the pressure reduced to 265 mm Hg over a period of 1 hr. Other rats were subjected to the same treatment after having been given an injection of frusemide. An ultrastructural study of the lungs of these rats showed that acute decompression of this magnitude can cause swelling and disintegration of type I alveolar epithelial cells. Although capillary endothelial cells showed only minor cytoplasmic damage many capillaries were ruptured with diapedesis of red cells. This is believed to be caused by gross capillary dilatation associated with pulmonary congestion. Pretreatment with frusemide prevented capillary rupture and reduced the degree of epithelial degeneration. However, frusemide induced swelling of capillary endothelial cells which was unassociated with acute decompression.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Blood biochemical and cellular changes during decompression and simulated extravehicular activity.

Blood biochemical and cellular parameters were measured in human subjects before and after exposure to a decompression schedule involving 6 h of oxygen prebreathing. The exposure was designed to simulate extravehicular activity for 6 h (subjects performed exercise while exposed to 29.6 kPa). There were no significant differences between blood samples from subjects who were susceptible (n = 11) versus those who were resistant (n = 27) to formation of venous gas emboli. Although several statistically significant (P less than 0.05) changes in blood parameters were observed following the exposure (increases in white blood cell count, prothrombin time, and total bilirubin, and decreases in triglycerides, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood urea nitrogen), the changes were small in magnitude and blood factor levels remained within normal clinical ranges. Thus, the decompression schedule used in this study is not likely to result in blood changes that would pose a threat to astronauts during extravehicular activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Aerosinusitis (author's transl)].

After distinguishing a nonobstructive from an obstructive form of aerosinusitis, different pathological changes are discussed. Two cases illustrate the possibility of endoscopic removal of submucous sinus hematomas. Nonobstructive aerosinusitis may be due to highly viscous paranasal secretion. In obstructive sinus disease intranasal application of vasoconstrictors may prevent additional aerosinusitis. In 71 patients with obstructive frontal and maxillary sinusitis, aerosinusitis followed a negative sinus pressure of 66 mm Hg and 35 mm Hg respectively. Intranasal application of a vasoconstrictive and antiexsudative solution for prophylaxis of aerosinusitis lead to an increase of negative pressure tolerance of 47-57 mm Hg.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Somatosensory evoked potentials in acute neurological decompression illness.

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) were recorded on posterior tibial nerve stimulation during compression in 21 episodes of acute neurological decompression illness (DCI) involving 20 patients. A further two cases were monitored immediately after treatment only. The results were compared with previously published normal data from this laboratory and with recordings obtained during the compression of four normal volunteers. Compression had no effect on SSEPs in normal subjects: SSEP latency abnormalities were found in 17 of the episodes of DCI. An SSEP improvement at final recording was noted in 7 of the 11 episodes which were monitored during treatment and classified initially as neurophysiologically abnormal. SSEPs may assist in the diagnosis of DCI.

Adult↗