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At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Infection control in dentistry. II.: Disinfection od dental handpieces].

The effectiveness of three different kind of sterilization or disinfection procedures was investigated in case of contaminated turbine handpieces. The results demonstrated that formaldehyde, isopropyl-alcohol and ethylenoxid are equally effective to disinfect or sterilize handpieces. The isopropyl-alcohol solving in pure ethyl-alcohol is one of the material which complies most of the requirements, as described by the authors.

2-Propanol↗
PubMed1975

[Problems of disinfection of breathing apparatus (author's transl)].

Report on the problems of disinfection of breathing apparatus. As a new means of avoiding bacterial contamination of the humidified and warmed inhaled gas mixture for 48 hours Rivanol in solution 1:1000-1:5000 is recommended as humidifier. For this, however, only those breathing systems are suited which work on the evaporation principle, not on atomizers or spraying. The good bacteriologic results are explained by the certain inhibition of bacteria by Rivanol in the humidifying fluid. It is understood that--in addition--there must be regular (every 24 hours) disinfection of tubes and the valves which ought to be as simple as possible. As humidifying fluid only sterile water, possibly fresh tap water, are recommended.

Disinfectants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current disinfecting and antiseptic agents in anesthesiology and resuscitation].

Prevention of nosocomial infection includes, along with other factors, measures aimed at maintenance of aseptic and antiseptic conditions by means of modern effective antiseptics and disinfectants. Efficacy of skin antiseptics (plivasept tincture, plivasept blue, plivasept foamy), disinfectants for instruments, surfaces, equipment (plivasept with and without PAV, aldesol, isosan G) manufactured by Pliva (Croatia) is assessed at Surgical Center. All these agents are recommended for improving the epidemiological situation in intensive care departments.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disinfection and monitoring of dental unit waterlines.

Recent increased awareness of dental unit waterline contamination has prompted investigations into potential protocols for improvement in the quality of water delivered to patients. When the protocol was followed (n = 12), contamination levels were reduced to below measurable colony forming units (CFU) defined as < 1 CFU/mL within three weeks and maintained thereafter. When adherence to the protocol was not strictly followed after initial disinfection, contamination quickly returned and remained until additional disinfection was performed.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed2000

[Hand hygiene--is hand disinfection the best solution?].

Nosocomial infections have been recognized as a critical problem in modern medicine and are associated with the quality of health care provided in hospitals. On average, 7-10% of hospitalized patients acquire an infection after hospital admission. A substantial proportion of these result from cross-contamination. Transmission of microorganisms by the hands of health care workers is the main cause for spreading. Prevention of bacterial contamination and infection to the patients requires good hand washing or disinfection, and a series of guidelines have been proposed. However, health care workers show poor compliance with such rules. At a time when costs for patient care are increasing and hospitals are threatened by bacterial resistance, prevention of nosocomial infections is an important issue. Thus, many international publications at present discuss the general problems of hand hygiene, still is the most cost effective method in prevention of nosocomial infections. Factors that contribute to poor compliance in hand hygiene have been targeted, and practical solutions in order to improve hand cleansing practices have been suggested. Increased use of the quicker methods of hand disinfection instead of hand washing is one of them.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Occupational exposure to glutaraldehyde during its use in chemical disinfection of endoscopes].

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the air pollution experimentally produced by different solutions of glutaraldehyde due to the activity of chemical disinfection in a flexible endoscopy unit. METHODS: The glutaraldehyde environment concentrations due to the use of 3 solutions (2% solution and its 1:5 and 1:20 dilutions) were measured by liquid chromatography after sampling on specific cartridges and by fotoacoustic method. RESULTS: Only after the use of the most concentrated solution it was possible to detect glutaraldehyde in the environment air, with values between 0.2 and 0.3 mg/m3 and during specific activities such as after shaking the disinfecting solutions. CONCLUSIONS: When the usual preventive recommendations are respected, the use of 1:5 and 1:20 solution of 2% glutaraldehyde products does not produce air concentrations of the aldehyde exceeding the current, even restrictive, limits proposed by industrial hygienists.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1992

Effects of disinfecting solutions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control on Goldmann tonometer biprisms.

Twelve new Goldmann biprisms were used to measure the intraocular pressure of one eye of one subject, four times each day for 15 days. Between measurements, each biprism was disinfected by soaking in one of the three solutions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) as effective against HIV, or by rubbing with an isopropyl alcohol swab. Intraocular pressure measurements, clarity of the biprism front surface, and ring image were statistically evaluated to determine whether any regimen negatively affected the biprisms. Biprisms soaked in alcohol were unusable after 4 days due to front surface roughness. No clinically significant differences were found in IOP measurements or clarity of the remaining groups, but the ring image was significantly less distorted with hydrogen peroxide treatment. These results suggest that hydrogen peroxide should be used to disinfect Goldmann biprisms.

1-Propanol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disinfection of irreversible hydrocolloid impressions: a comparative study.

This paper demonstrates the potential for cross contamination with bacteria and viruses from impression materials and evaluates the efficacy of four disinfection systems on irreversible hydrocolloid impressions contaminated with Streptococcus sanguis or poliovirus. An irreversible hydrocolloid impression was made of a contaminated acrylic resin template. The impression was disinfected and residual microorganisms were harvested by sonication, cultured, and counted. The results showed that the impression material could act as a vehicle for the transfer of both bacteria and viruses. Further, the virus was shown to be present in the body of the impression and under certain conditions may evade decontamination.

Alginates↗
PubMed1992

[Update of DIN 19.643--treatment and disinfection of swimming pool and bathing tub water].

German Standards Specification DIN 19,643 is at present under revision for health reasons and because of both negative and positive experiences gathered in practice. To enable adaptation of the standards specification to future developments, a Part I of the specification is being created comprising the demands to be made on the quality of the water and general demands on the construction and operation of swimming pools and tubs and basins in bath houses, e.g. in spas or municipal swimming pools. The subsequent parts of the new specification (Part 2 to Part n) concern the demands to be made on individual combinations of processes; these can be supplemented at any time in accordance with technical progress without requiring revision of the entire standards specification. Essential innovations are the reformulation of the required efficiency of disinfection, the introduction of the parameters Legionella pneumophila, trihalogen methane (THM) and the reduction of the limit value for chloramines. Technically speaking, the new features concern the automatic measurement of the auxiliary parameters of hygiene such as redox potential, pH value and free chlorine, automatic control of disinfectant additions, automatic filter rinsing with fluidization of the filter-bed to a prescribed minimum bed expansion, and the sight-glas at the filter container. The demands made on Jacuzzi and warm water spouted bed besins are integrated into the specification, thus obviating the need for German Standards Specification DIN 19,644.

Disinfectants↗
PubMed2004

Assessing spatial fluctuations, temporal variability, and measurement error in estimated levels of disinfection by-products in tap water: implications for exposure assessment.

AIMS: To assess spatial fluctuations, temporal variability, and errors due to sampling and analysis in levels of disinfection by-products in routine monitoring tap water samples and in water samples collected in households within the same distribution system for an exposure assessment study. METHODS: Mixed effects models were applied to quantify seasonal effects and the degree to which trihalomethane (THM) levels vary among households or locations relative to variation over time within seasons for any given location. In a separate analysis, the proportion of total variation due to measurement error arising from sampling and analysis was also quantified. RESULTS: THM levels were higher in the summer relative to other seasons. Differences in the relative magnitude of the intra- and inter-household components of variation were observed between the two sets of THM measurements, with a greater proportion of the variation due to differences within seasons for the routine monitoring data and a greater proportion of the variation due to differences across locations for the exposure assessment study data. Such differences likely arose due to differences in the strategies used to select sites for sampling and in the time periods over which the data were collected. With the exception of bromodichloromethane, measurement errors due to sampling and analysis contributed a small proportion of the total variation in THM levels. CONCLUSIONS: The utility of routine monitoring data in assigning exposure in epidemiological studies is limited because such data may not represent the magnitude of spatial variability in levels of disinfection by-products across the distribution system. Measurement error contributes a relatively small proportion to the total variation in THM levels, which suggests that gathering a greater number of samples over time with fewer replicates collected at each sampling location is more efficient and would likely yield improved estimates of household exposure.

Chlorine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Light output of disposable vs. nondisposable curing light tips following high-level disinfection.

Following a pilot study which determined that autoclaving a disposable tip resulted in physical deformation, rendering the tip ineffective for photocuring, this study evaluated the effects of two FDA-cleared high-level disinfectants on the light output and physical integrity of disposable and nondisposable curing light tips. Nine disposable and five nondisposable curing tips were immersed in each of the two disinfectants. No significant differences (p > 0.05) in light output over time were observed for either type of curing light tip in either solution. None of the tips were physically affected by immersion and light output values remained in the acceptable range for resin composite polymerization.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed2004

[Synergetic germicidal effect of ultrasonic with glutaraldehyde and its application in clinical disinfection].

OBJECTIVE: To study the synergetic germicidal effect of ulstrasonic with glutaraldehyde and the feasibility of combining ulstrasonic and glutaraldehyde to disinfect endocopes and medical instruments. METHODS: We determined the respective and the synergetic killing rates of Bacillus subtilis var. niger of ulstrasonic and glutaraldehyde using quantitative suspenion germicidal tests and simulated on-the-spot tests. RESULTS: In suspenion germicidal tests, because of the synergetic germicidal effect, the concentration of glutaraldehyde needed for sterilize spores was decreased from 20 mg/ml to 5 mg/ml for the same killing time(4 h), and when the concentrations were still 20 mg/ml, its killing time was shorten from 4 h to 1 h. Further more, the solutions containing 5 mg/ml glutaraldehyde could sterilize spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger in 2 h. In the simulated on-the-spot tests, the concentration of glutaraldehyde needed for sterilization was decreased from 20 mg/ml to 5 mg/ml and its killing time was shorten from 4 h to 1 h under the synergetic germicidal effect. CONCLUSION: It indicats the feasibility of combining ulstrasonic and glutaraldehyde to disinfect instruments in clinic.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1992

[The effectiveness of various disinfection methods on the surface of gloved hands].

The gloved hands were contaminated by using E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Brain Heart Infusion broth cultures and the efficacy of tap water, unmedicated bar soap, benzalkonium chloride 1% (Zefiran), Na-hypochloride 1% and 5%, alcohol 70%, hexachlorophene 3%, hexachlorophene 3% liquid soap (Solu-heks), chlorhexidine 1.5% liquid soap (Savlon), chlorhexidine 4% liquid soap (Hibiscrub), povidone-iodine 10% solution (Betadine and polyod), povidone-iodine 7.5% liquid soap (Betadine and Polyod) were compared onto the gloved hands. Disinfectants were applied for 30, 45 and 60 seconds. It was found that washing time of 30 seconds with chlorhexidine 4% (Hibiscrub) liquid soap or povidone-iodine 7.5% liquid soap (Betadine and Polyod) was required to eradicate all the organisms inoculated from both glove surfaces. Povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine were more effective washing agents than the other disinfectants. In underdeveloped or developing countries and areas where gloves can not easily supplied, it has been suggested that gloved hands could be washed between patient treatments and gloves re-used in dentistry, gynecology and like the other areas of medicine. Chlorhexidine 4% and povidone-iodine 7.5% liquid soaps are recommended as a hand-washing agents in these areas.

Chlorhexidine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antimicrobial spray for toothbrush disinfection: an in vivo evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a spray containing an antimicrobial solution for toothbrush disinfection. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Three different solutions were sprayed on toothbrush bristles among 30 adults after they had brushed: (1) basic formulation (base) plus chlorhexidine; (2) base only, and (3) sterile tap water (control). Each solution was tested for 1 week. After that, the toothbrushes were collected and sonicated in Letheen Broth, diluted in 10-fold series, and plated on selective and nonselective media for detection of anaerobes, aerobes, streptococci, and gram-negative bacilli. After incubation, the colonies of those microorganisms were counted. Presence of mutans streptococci on the bristles was also confirmed. RESULTS: Spray 1 produced a significant reduction in the microbial contamination of toothbrushes for all the microorganisms, spray 2 provided some reduction of contaminants, and spray 3 demonstrated the least antimicrobial effect. CONCLUSION: The antimicrobial spray with chlorhexidine proved to be an effective and practical means for toothbrush disinfection.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Resistance of Legionella to disinfection in hot water distribution systems.

The efficiency of various disinfection treatments against Legionella was tested on a hot water distribution system (HWDS) pilot unit. The results demonstrated clearly that most Legionella in the networks were fixed in the biofilm at the surface of the pipe (more than 98% for each loop). Chemical treatments (continuous chlorination, hyperchlorination, hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid mixing) commonly used for the eradication of Legionella in hot water distribution networks appeared to be inadequate for eradicating the bacteria in the biofilm. Unfortunately, the biofilm contained most of the pathogens in an HWDS whereas legislation is only restricted to the Legionella concentration in the water phase. Thermal treatment appeared to be efficient to disinfect most of the biofilm but seemed to promote the biofilm re-growth as well. It was then concluded that the best solution to prevent Legionella contamination in hot water distribution systems would be to have perfect control of the temperature in the networks (temperature > 55 degrees C at all points). Nevertheless, in many cases it is difficult to have such control, so during the time necessary to modify networks, the best solution to control Legionella proliferation appears to be to apply a treatment shock (thermal or chlorination as a function of pipe characteristics). These treatments must be followed by a continuous chlorination that is totally controlled and equipped with alarm systems. This study demonstrates that biofilm sampling devices must be installed in hot water distribution systems to anticipate Legionella contamination and correctly determine the efficiency of the treatments.

Biofilms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effectiveness of microwave irradiation on the disinfection of complete dentures.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of microwave irradiation on the disinfection of simulated complete dentures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty dentures were fabricated in a standardized procedure and subjected to ethylene oxide sterilization. The dentures were individually inoculated (10(7) cfu/mL) with tryptic soy broth (TSB) media containing one of the tested microorganisms (Candida albicans, Streptoccus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). After 48 hours of incubation at 37 degrees C, 40 dentures were individually immersed in 200 mL of water and submitted to microwave irradiation at 650 W for 6 minutes. Forty nonirradiated dentures were used as positive controls. Replicate aliquots (25 microL) of suspensions were plated at dilutions of 10(-3) to 10(-6) on plates of selective media appropriate for each organism. All plates were incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. TSB beakers with the microwaved dentures were incubated at 37 degrees C for 7 more days. After incubation, the number of colony-forming units was counted and the data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test (alpha = .05). RESULTS: No evidence of growth was observed at 48 hours for S. aureus, B. subtilis, and C. albicans. Dentures contaminated with P. aeruginosa showed small growth on 2 plates. After 7 days incubation at 37 degrees C, no growth was visible in the TSB beakers of S. aureus and C. albicans. Turbidity was observed in 3 broth beakers, 2 from P. aeruginosa and 1 from B. subtilis. CONCLUSION: Microwave irradiation for 6 minutes at 650 W produced sterilization of complete dentures contaminated with S. aureus and C. albicans and disinfection of those contaminated with P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2006

The effect of disinfection on irreversible hydrocolloid and type III gypsum casts.

Under standardised conditions, 80 impressions were made of a ruled stainless steel die (ISO Specification 1563) using irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate). The alginates were subsequently treated with 3 commercially available disinfectants, Perform-ID, ImpressiVand Dimenol and poured with type III gypsum. The alginates were evaluated for surface detail reproduction and the gypsum for surface detail reproduction and hardness. Disinfection with Perform ID significantly affected the surface detail reproduction of alginate while Dimenol and ImpressiV did not. Perform ID and Dimenol both significantly affect the hardness of poured type III gypsum casts while ImpressiV did not.

Alginates↗