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At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Tennis injuries.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this chapter is to critically review the existing studies on the epidemiology of tennis injuries in pediatric athletes, present suggestions for the prevention of injury based on these studies, and present suggestions for future research. DATA SOURCES: Data sources included published articles on pediatric tennis injuries, a previously published review by the authors, and unpublished data from one of the authors (MS). MAIN RESULTS: Most studies of tennis injuries show that they are of microtrauma origin, develop over time, and result in short times of absence from play. They involve all joints of the body, but have a higher incidence in the shoulder, back, and knee. Intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors may be related to the incidence of injury. These factors may be evaluated by a comprehensive pre-participation exam, and preventive strategies may be implemented. CONCLUSIONS: Most injury studies in pediatric tennis players vary in the population studied, methods of injury evaluation, and risk factors studied. Consequently, few specific conclusions can be derived about the causative factors. Further longitudinal prospective studies need to be done to completely discover all the factors involved in producing tennis injuries.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1991

Work posture, workstation design, and musculoskeletal discomfort in a VDT data entry task.

Self-report data on musculoskeletal discomfort were collected from several hundred VDT users in two agencies of a state government. Aspects of worker posture and workstation design were objectively assessed for 40 of the VDT users. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between these ergonomic variables and musculoskeletal discomfort. Effects of ergonomic factors on musculoskeletal discomfort were clearly evident in the analyses. Regression models explained up to 38% of the variance in discomfort at different body sites. Of special interest was that leg discomfort increased with low, soft seat pans, suggesting that postural constraint is more important than thigh compression as a risk factor for leg discomfort in VDT work. In addition, arm discomfort increased with increases in keyboard height above elbow level, supporting arguments for low placement of the keyboard. Finally, high levels of neck and shoulder girdle discomfort observed in the study population suggest the need for further attention to the control of cervicobrachial pain syndromes in VDT work.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Acceptability of intermittent handgrip contractions based on physiological response.

Our aim was to study physiological response and acceptability of intermittent muscle contractions. Seven male subjects performed eight isometric handgrip exercises with altered contraction-relaxation periods but identical tension-time products. Local blood flow (BF), heart rate, blood pressure, electromyography, maximal voluntary handgrip contraction (MVC), and venous concentration of potassium and lactate of both forearms were followed during and up to 24 hours after the exercises. Wrist force response to electrical stimulation of a forearm muscle was used to investigate low-frequency fatigue (LFF). Ratings of perceived exertion were recorded during exercise. LFF was associated with a decreased functional capacity, which may be explained by a net potassium loss. Recovery BF was linearly related to mean contraction intensity of the experiments. Physiological criteria for acceptability of isometric exercise are suggested, based on the absence of fatigue during exercise and the return to baseline values within four hours of the recovery period. Based on these physiological criteria, intermittent handgrip contractions at (or higher than) a mean contraction intensity of 17% MVC and continuous handgrip contractions at (or higher than) 10% MVC were considered unacceptable.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Weakness in mouse masticatory muscles by repetitive contractions with forced lengthening.

The etiology of myofascial tenderness and pain of masticatory muscles in humans is difficult to understand. Parafunctional oral habits such as tooth grinding or vigorous chewing are thought to be factors. The objective of this study was to determine if masticatory muscles are susceptible to weakness and injury induced by repetitive, dynamic, forced-lengthening contractions. Results would support the hypothesis that contraction-induced injuries could occur in hyperactive masticatory muscles of humans in response to parafunctional oral habits. Mice were anesthetized and randomly assigned to three groups: non-treated controls, treated by repetitive passive jaw opening, or treated by repetitive isometric tetanic contractions with lengthening by jaw opening. In each treatment group, masticatory muscle injury was evaluated by contractile tension, plasma creatine kinase, and muscle glycogen. Contractile tension was determined at different stimulation frequencies and was significantly decreased 5 min, 4 h, and 72 h after repetitive contraction/lengthening. Plasma creatine kinase was significantly elevated at 4 but not at 72 h post-treatment in mice subjected to repetitive contraction/lengthening. Masticatory muscle glycogen was not significantly different in any groups at 4 or 72 h post-treatment. These results indicate that contraction injuries can be induced in masticatory muscle of mice by forced lengthening contractions which simulate eccentric contractions.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1987

Tenosynovitis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cumulative Trauma Disorders↗
PubMed1993

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy and repetitive strain injury: temperature and microcirculatory changes following mild cold stress.

Temperature and blood flow studies were performed in the upper limbs of six patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), nine patients with repetitive strain injury (RSI) and 12 control subjects using thermography, laser Doppler flowmetry, infrared photoplethysmography and venous occlusion strain gauge plethysmography. The contralateral responses of the symptomatic and asymptomatic limbs were examined after being subjected, separately, to mild cold stress (20 degrees C for 1 min). Altered thermoregulation and haemodynamics were evident in RSD. Though the pattern of response to contralateral cold challenge is similar to normal in RSI, vasodilatation and reduced vasomotion appears to be characteristic in this condition. Such changes may assist in distinguishing between RSD and RSI from other causes of chronic upper limb pain.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The impact of fear appeals on processing and acceptance of action recommendations.

A stage model of processing of fear-arousing communications was tested in an experiment that examined the impact of vulnerability to a severe health risk, the quality of the arguments supporting a protective action recommendation, and the source to which the recommendation was attributed, on processing and acceptance of the recommendation. Argument quality influenced attitudes toward the recommendation (but not intention to act), and this effect was mediated by negative thoughts about the recommendation. Vulnerability influenced intention to act (but not attitudes), and this effect was mediated by perceived threat and positive thoughts about the recommendation. The pattern of findings suggests that although vulnerability to a severe health risk induces biased processing of the recommendation, biased processing is restricted to intentions and does not compromise the evaluation of the recommendation. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship of the kicking action in soccer and anterior ankle impingement syndrome. A biomechanical analysis.

Two different hypotheses have been advanced to explain the formation of talotibial osteophytes in the anterior ankle impingement syndrome. We investigated how frequently hyperplantar flexion occurs during kicking and whether the site of impact of the ball coincides with the reported location of the osteophytes. We also measured the magnitude of the impact force. We studied 150 kicking actions performed by 15 elite soccer players by using mobile sensors and high-speed video. In 39% of the kicking actions, the plantar flexion angle exceeded the maximum static plantar flexion angle. Ball impact was predominantly made with the anteromedial aspect of the foot and ankle, with impact between the ball and the base of the first metatarsal bone in 89% of the kicking actions and between the ball and the anterior part of the medial malleolus in 76%. Postimpact ball velocity averaged 24.6 m/s, with a corresponding average contact force of 1025 N. Hyperplantar flexion was reached in only the minority of the kicking actions. The data on impact location and impact force support the hypothesis that spur formation in anterior ankle impingement syndrome is related to recurrent ball impact, which can be regarded as repetitive microtrauma to the anteromedial aspect of the ankle.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Painful conditions in the Achilles tendon region in elite badminton players.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of painful conditions in the Achilles tendon region in elite badminton players. The study group consisted of 66 players in the Swedish elite division (highest level) in badminton, 41 men (mean age, 24.4 years) and 25 women (mean age, 21.9 years). Twenty-one players (32%) reported the occurrence of a disabling painful condition in the Achilles tendon region during the previous 5 years, and 11 players (17%) had an ongoing painful condition. A majority of the painful conditions (12 of 21, or 57%) were described as involving the midportion of the Achilles tendon. The players who had a painful condition reported a significantly higher weekly training load as measured by the number of hours spent in total training, badminton training, and endurance and strength training. There were no differences in age, sex, and body mass index between the players with and without painful conditions in the Achilles tendon region.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Wrist pain, distal radial physeal injury, and ulnar variance in young gymnasts: does a relationship exist?

BACKGROUND: Chronic wrist pain affects up to 79% of young gymnasts. Distal radial growth plate injury and positive ulnar variance have also been reported in this population. HYPOTHESIS: There is a relationship between wrist pain, radiographic findings of distal radial growth plate injury, and ulnar variance in skeletally immature young gymnasts. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Fifty-nine gymnasts (28 girls and 31 boys; average age, 9.3 years) completed a questionnaire detailing training and wrist pain symptoms. Each received a wrist examination, grip strength measurement, and bilateral wrist radiographs. RESULTS: Wrist pain was reported by 56% of the gymnasts (33 of 59), with 45% (15 of 33) describing pain of at least 6 months' duration. Factors significantly associated with wrist pain included higher skill level, older age, and more years of training. For those between 10 and 14 years of age, 83% had wrist pain, compared with 44% for those outside of that age range. Fifty-one percent of the gymnasts (30 of 59) had findings of stress injury to the distal radial physis of at least a grade 2; 7% (4) had frank widening of the growth plate. Wrist pain prevalence was significantly related to the grade of radiographic injury. Mean ulnar variance was significantly more positive than established norms. Ulnar variance was not associated with wrist pain or radiographic injury of the distal radial physis. CONCLUSIONS: Radiographic findings of distal radial physeal injury are associated with wrist pain among young nonelite gymnasts.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Injuries among world-class professional beach volleyball players. The Fédération Internationale de Volleyball beach volleyball injury study.

BACKGROUND: Very little is known about the injury characteristics of beach volleyball. PURPOSE: To describe the incidence and pattern of injuries among professional male and female beach volleyball players. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study--retrospective injury recall and prospective registration. METHODS: Injuries occurring over a 7.5-week interval of the summer season were retrospectively registered by interviewing 178 of the 188 participating players (95%) in the 2001 Beach Volleyball World Championships. Injuries were also cataloged prospectively during five of the tournaments held during this interval. RESULTS: Fifty-four acute injuries was recorded, of which 23 (43%) resulted in 1 or more days of missed practice or competition. The incidence of acute time-loss injuries was estimated to be 3.1 per 1000 competition hours and 0.8 per 1000 training hours. Knee (30%), ankle (17%), and finger injuries (17%) accounted for more than half of all acute time-loss injuries. In addition, 67 players reported 79 overuse injuries for which they received medical attention during the study period. The three most common overuse conditions were low back pain (19%), knee pain (12%), and shoulder problems (10%). Similar results were observed in the prospective portion of the study. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of acute time-loss injuries in beach volleyball is considerably lower than that in most other team sports, but overuse injuries affecting the low back, knees, and shoulder represent a significant source of disability and impaired performance for professional beach volleyball players.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Performance characteristics of volleyball players with patellar tendinopathy.

BACKGROUND: Patellar tendinopathy is assumed to result from chronic tendon overload. There may be a relationship between tendon pain and jumping ability. HYPOTHESIS: There is no difference in performance characteristics between volleyball players with patellar tendinopathy and those without. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHOD: We examined the performance of the leg extensor apparatus in high-level male volleyball players with patellar tendinopathy (N = 24) compared with a control group (N = 23) without knee symptoms. The testing program consisted of different jump tests with and without added load, and a composite jump score was calculated to reflect overall performance. RESULTS: The groups were similar in age, height, and playing experience, but the patellar tendinopathy group did more specific strength training and had greater body weight. They scored significantly higher than the control group on the composite jump score (50.3 versus 39.2), and significant differences were also observed for work done in the drop-jump and average force and power in the standing jumps with half- and full-body weight loads. CONCLUSIONS: Greater body weight, more weight training, and better jumping performance may increase susceptibility to patellar tendinopathy in volleyball players.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Injuries and overuse syndromes in golf.

BACKGROUND: Although golf is becoming more popular, there is a lack of reliable epidemiologic data on golf injuries and overuse syndromes, especially regarding their severity. OBJECTIVE: To perform an epidemiologic study of the variety of different musculoskeletal problems in professional and amateur golfers and to find associations of age, sex, physical stature (body mass index), warm-up routine, and playing level with the occurrence of reported injuries. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: We analyzed the injury data from a total of 703 golfers who were randomly selected over two golfing seasons and interviewed with the use of a six-page questionnaire. RESULTS: Overall, 82.6% (N = 526) of reported injuries involved overuse and 17.4% (N = 111) were single trauma events. Professional golfers were injured more often, typically in the back, wrist, and shoulder. Amateurs reported many elbow, back, and shoulder injuries. Severity of reported injuries was minor in 51.5%, moderate in 26.8%, and major in 21.7% of cases. Carrying one's bag proved to be hazardous to the lower back, shoulder, and ankle. Warm-up routines were found to have a positive effect if they were at least 10 minutes long. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, golf may be considered a rather benign activity, if overuse can be avoided. If not, golf can result in serious, chronic musculoskeletal problems.

Adult↗