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PubMed1995

Alcohol use and contraception in first sexual experiences.

Recent research has suggested that the use of alcohol or drugs in conjunction with sexual intercourse is associated with nonuse of contraception, particularly in first intercourse experiences. This paper reports findings from a nationally representative sample of adolescents and young adults aged 18-30 who were asked a number of questions about the circumstances and characteristics of the first time they had intercourse. Results showed that drinking at the time of first intercourse was more prevalent among those who first had sex prior to 1985; moreover, members of this cohort were less likely to use condoms or other forms of birth control at the time of first intercourse. Drinking was associated with nonuse of contraception only among those who had their first sexual experience prior to 1985. The results are discussed in terms of historical changes in the sexual climate of the AIDS era.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2003

Trends and determinants of contraceptive method choice in Kenya.

This study uses data from the 1989, 1993, and 1998 Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys to examine trends and determinants of contraceptive method choice in Kenya. The analysis, based on two-level multinomial regression models, shows that, over time, the use of modern contraceptive methods, especially long-term methods, is higher in urban than in rural areas, whereas the pattern is reversed for traditional methods. Use of barrier methods among unmarried women is steadily rising, but the levels remain disappointingly low, particularly in view of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Kenya. One striking result from this analysis is the dramatic rise in the use of injectables. Of particular program relevance is the notably higher levels of use of injectables among rural women, women whose partners disapprove of family planning, uneducated women, and those less frequently exposed to family planning media messages, compared with their counterparts who have better access to services and greater exposure to family planning information.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Condom and other contraceptive use among a random sample of female adolescents: a snapshot in time.

This study examined the sexual practices of 235 females aged 15 to 19 years and their readiness to use specific contraceptive methods for birth control and sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention. The investigation was based on the stages-of-change construct from the Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983, 1984). Results demonstrated that despite the availability of newer contraceptive methods (e.g., Depo-Provera), most sexually active adolescents were least resistant to using condoms and were further along in the stages of change for condom use as compared with other contraceptive methods. Moreover, the females perceived the male condom as an acceptable method for prevention of both pregnancy and STDs. These findings suggest that interventions designed to target consistent and correct condom use may result in better compliance, reducing the number of unintended pregnancies and STD cases among this populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A model of pre-sterilization ambivalence and post-sterilization regret in married couples.

"We have presented a general theoretical perspective on couple decision-making and subsequent adaptation which serves as a framework for understanding the complex phenomenon commonly referred to as post-sterilization regret. We have anchored this framework by means of a series of specific hypotheses about ambivalence and post-sterilization regret among both tubal ligation and vasectomy married couples. Using our hypotheses, we constructed three models. These were tested on data gathered from 400 married couples.... The results, including unanticipated pathways and differences in specific areas of each model between sexes and method groups, not only provide a confirmation of our general theoretical perspective but also allow us to have insights and to speculate about the psychological and marital dynamics of sterilization decision-making and adaptation." Data are from a longitudinal study conducted in Santa Clara, California, in 1985.

Americas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attitudes toward childbearing and changes in sexual and contraceptive practices among HIV-infected women.

BACKGROUND: Women now constitute 12% of persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and three quarters of them are well within their childbearing age. OBJECTIVE: To determine if women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) change their attitudes toward childbearing and their sexual and contraceptive practices. METHODS: Questionnaire and interview. RESULTS: Forty-six women age 18 to 44 participated; 33 were white, 12 were Hispanic, and 1 was black. Intravenous drug abuse was reported by 65%. Nineteen had symptomatic HIV disease or AIDS. Only 70% said they had received counseling after testing. Of these, 59% said they were counseled on avoiding pregnancy, and 81% said they were counseled on use of condoms. Before testing, 59% had wanted to have children; after testing, only 17% did. Only 4% said they had always used condoms before testing, but 54% said they did after testing; 39% said they used some form of birth control before testing compared with 70% who said they did after testing. CONCLUSIONS: Counseling was not optimal. Sexual and contraceptive practices changed, but follow-up study will be needed to see if such changes are sustained.

Adolescent↗