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PubMed1982

Meiosis in Drosophila melanogaster. IV. The conjunctive mechanism of the XY bivalent.

Chromosome pairing during meiosis I in D. melanogaster males was investigated ultrastructurally by examining complete bivalents in electron micrographs of serial thin sections. The XY bivalent is characterized by the presence of the unique material located between the two half-bivalents at the site of synapsis. The material has a fibrillar appearance and is less electron dense than the surrounding chromatin. XY bivalents in XYY males and XY bivalents containing the X chromosome, In (1) sc4LSC8R, where the pairing sites of the X chromosome are inverted and partially deleted also possess this material. The material is not associated with autosomal bivalents and may represent a morphological manifestation of the hypothetical cohesive elements (collochores) which are thought to function in conjunction of the X and Y chromosomes (Cooper, 1964).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Concomitant treatment of MBT-2 bladder tumour by tumour necrosis factor alpha and interferon alpha in conjunction with delayed type hypersensitivity immunotherapy.

In our previous study [9], we reported the anti-tumour effect of TNF on mouse bladder tumour (MBT-2) both in vivo and in vitro. Inoculation of a single dose of TNF alone caused significant but transient tumour growth inhibition. Subsequent repeated doses of TNF did not sustain or augment the anti-tumour effect. The current experiments were undertaken to assess the anti-tumour activity of (i)-concomitant treatment of TNF-A and IFN-A against MBT-2 bladder tumour and (ii)-concomitant TNF + IFN-A treatment in conjunction with T-DTH (delayed-type hypersensitivity) immunotherapy. Systemic administration of multiple doses of TNF + IFN-A in vivo caused initial partial tumour regression followed by tumour growth inhibition up to 14 days following treatment. This combined treatment showed an enhanced anti-tumour effect compared to TNF-A treatment alone. Immunotherapy of MBT-2 tumour-bearing mice with T-DTH "immune" effector cells alone did not cause significant tumour growth inhibition. In contrast, concomitant administration of both T-DTH effector cells and TNF + IFN-A in MBT-2 tumour-bearing mice resulted in significant tumour growth inhibition for up to 16 days. The immune effector cells conferring immunotherapy were isolated from the spleens of tumour-immunized, "DTH-primed" animals and were characterized as Lyt 1+2- helper/DTH T cells (CD4+ phenotype). These cells mediate both DTH response to MBT-2 tumour antigens as well as anti-MBT-2 tumour protection. In vitro treatment of the "immune" cells with TNF-A resulted predominantly in the proliferation of Lyt 1+ T cells versus Lyt 2+ cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Tissue connections in a transplantable virus-producing sebaceous adenoma of the mouse. II. A freeze-fracture study in conjunction with filipin.

The distribution, size, and configuration of intercellular junctions in the sebaceous tumor of mice were examined using the freeze-fracture technique. Three types of junctions were observed: desmosomes, gap, and tight junctions. Tight junctions in general consisted of short linear unbranched fibrils, and macular or complex tight junctional patterns were present only occasionally. Gap junctions ranged from small sports of 0.9 x 10(-3) micrometer2 to areas of approximately 0.46 micrometers2. Desmosomes were the most frequent junctional specializations, and it is concluded that they are at least partially responsible for this tumor not being metastatic. Filipin in conjunction with freeze-fracture showed filipin-sterol complexes on the plasma membrane, the nuclear envelope, and the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. The intercellular junctions were devoid of these complexes indicating that these regions are low in cholesterol.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1994

Meiosis in Drosophila males. I. The question of separate conjunctive mechanisms for the XY and autosomal bivalents.

The conjunctive mechanism of the XY bivalent is believed to differ from that of the autosomal bivalents in the achiasmate Drosophila melanogaster male. It has been proposed that hypothetical cohesive elements, termed collochores, hold the X and Y chromosomes together at or near their nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) and that collochores are not exhibited by autosomal bivalents. In electron micrographs, unique fibrillar material is observed between the X and Y chromosomes at the synaptic site. Recently, the 240 bp nontranscribed spacer associated with rRNA genes at the NOR has been implicated as the essential DNA sequence for XY pairing. To test whether this DNA sequence is always associated with XY pairing and to determine its relationship to the unique fibrillar material, we studied the XY bivalent in Drosophila simulans. The D. simulans Y chromosome has few, if any, rRNA genes, but does have a large block (3,000 kb or 12,500 copies) of the nontranscribed spacer repeat located at the distal end of its long arm. This is in contrast to the D. melanogaster Y, which has the repeat located among rRNA genes on its short arm. Using light and electron microscopy, we show that the X does indeed pair with the distal end of the long arm of the D. simulans Y. However, no fibrillar material is evident in serial thin sections of the D. simulans XY bivalent, suggesting that this material (in D. melanogaster) may be remnants of the NOR rather than a morphological manifestation of the hypothetical collochores.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A clinical and pharmacological study of high-dose mitozolomide given in conjunction with autologous bone marrow rescue.

In conjunction with autologous bone marrow rescue, high-dose mitozolomide was given i.v. to 16 patients with refractory malignancies at doses ranging from 100 to 400 mg/m2 over 1 h. Neutropaenia occurred consistently at 300 mg/m2, and three trivial infective episodes were recorded. Thrombocytopaenia occurred consistently at 150 mg/m2, and three patients experienced episodes of minor bleeding. The death of one subject was attributable to pulmonary thromboembolism during the bone marrow reinfusion. Transient emesis and mild alopecia were the only other toxicities. Three of six evaluable patients receiving greater than or equal to 300 mg/m2 exhibited measurable reductions in tumour dimensions, although these failed to fulfil the criteria for a partial response. Mitozolomide was undetectable in plasma at 12 h after drug administration. The plasma pharmacokinetic data fitted mono- or biexponential models in all patients. Model-independent pharmacokinetic parameters were: peak plasma drug concentration, 3.4-46 mg/l; AUC, 8-82 mg h l-1; clearance, 7.6-45 l/h; steady-state volume of distribution, 11-85 l; and plasma elimination half-life, 1.4-2.8 h. Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics were not observed, and only a small percentage of the delivered dose was eliminated unchanged in the urine. The maximally tolerated dose of mitozolomide given with autologous bone marrow rescue was greater than 400 mg/m2. At this dose myelosuppression was the only major toxicity, and the plasma drug levels and AUC values were comparable to those obtained after therapeutic doses in experimental models.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Activation of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Conjunction with Postsynaptic Depolarization Triggers a Long-Term Depression of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Potential in the Rat Hippocampus.

The mechanism responsible for long-term depression (LTD) of pharmacologically isolated N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP(NMDA)) was studied. Intracellular recordings were made from CA1 cells of rat hippocampal slices in the presence of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (10 &mgr;M) and picrotoxin (50 &mgr;M), which block non-NMDA and GABA(A) receptors, respectively. Intracellular injections of depolarizing pulses (500 ms, 0.3-0.7 nA) at 1 Hz for 5 min in the absence of synaptic stimulation caused a persistent increase in the amplitude of EPSP(NMDA). However, coupling postsynaptic depolarization with synaptic activity induced LTD. The EPSP(NMDA) LTD could be blocked by L-2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid (50 &mgr;M) or (RS)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (200 &mgr;M), specific antagonists for metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR). Furthermore, application of trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD, 50 &mgr;M), a specific mGluR agonist, in conjunction with postsynaptic depolarizing elicited LTD. In contrast, the mGluR agonists quisqualate or t-ACPD when given alone produced a sustained enhancement of EPSP(NMDA). Finally, coupled depolarization did not evoke LTD in slices pretreated with the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor calphostin c (60 nM). The present results demonstrate that activation of mGluR is necessary for the induction of LTD of EPSP(NMDA) and suggest that NMDA receptors are subject to bidirectional regulation by mGluR. Furthermore, the induction of LTD is likely to involve the stimulation of PKC. Copyright 1995 S. Karger AG, Basel

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of the rigid sigmoidoscope and the flexible sigmoidoscope in conjunction with colon x-ray for detection of lesions of the colon and rectum.

A series of 1007 patients was randomly divided into two groups, one a group of 499 patients who underwent rigid sigmoidoscopy and the other a group of 508 patients who had flexible sigmoidoscopy. Contrast barium enema studies were subsequently performed in all patients. Eighteen per cent of the patients had a neoplasm. We concluded that, given the amount of colon surveyed by rigid and flexible sigmoidoscopy in conjunction with contrast barium enema, there was no difference in the rate of detection between the two endoscopic techniques.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1977

Prophylactic oophorectomy in conjunction with large-bowl resection for cancer: report of two cases.

This report, based on eight cases of our own and a review of the literature, indicates that colonic cancer metastatic to the ovaries has many unusual features and an extremley high mortality rate. Prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy in conjunction with large-bowel resection for cancer in women of all ages is strongly advised to decrease morbidity and improve the quality of survival.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Establishment of two cell lines from hamster buccal pouch tumors induced by topical 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and topical DMBA in conjunction with herpes simplex virus infection.

Two cell lines designated HBPC-1 and HBPC-2 have been established from hamster buccal pouch tumors induced by topical 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and DMBA in conjunction with type 1 herpes simplex virus infection, respectively. The cells are epithelial in morphology, have a doubling time of approximately 18 h, and require bovine serum for optimal growth. The karyotype is aneuploid, with several marker chromosomes, and the cells produce squamous cell carcinomas when transplanted into normal hamster pouch tissues.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1991

Three cell lines from hamster buccal pouch tumors induced by topical 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, alone or in conjunction with herpes simplex virus inoculation.

Three squamous carcinoma cell lines HBPC-1, HBPC-2, and HBPC-3 were established from hamster buccal pouch tumors induced by topical 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) treatment alone, topical DMBA treatment in conjunction with type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) inoculation, and topical DMBA application in combination with type 2 HSV (HSV-2) inoculation, respectively. The cells were epithelial in morphology, had a doubling time of approximately 18 h, and required bovine serum for optimal growth. They demonstrated an in vitro anchorage-independent growth and produced squamous cell carcinomas when transplanted into normal hamster pouch submucosa. The carcinoma cell lines equally expressed cellular hst, src, abl, and raf proto-oncogenes that were not expressed in the normal hamster pouch epithelial cells. An equal amount of fos gene expression was noticed in the normal pouch epithelial cells, HBPC-1 and HBPC-3, but the HBPC-2 expressed less fos poly(A+)RNA than the other cell lines. The myc proto-oncogene was also expressed both in the normal pouch epithelial cells and in the cancer cell lines. However, the size and number of expressed myc poly(A+)RNA in the normal cells and cancer cell lines differed. Although the normal cells and HBPC-1 expressed a single myc transcript, 1.7-kilobase (kb) and 2.3-kb, respectively, both HBPC-2 and HBPC-3 expressed two myc poly(A+)RNAs, 1.7-kb and 2.3-kb.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Venous thrombolysis by tissue-type plasminogen activator in conjunction with the urokinase-fibrinogen covalent conjugate. Effects of potentiation and faster action in dogs.

Conjunctive administration of the tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and the urokinase-fibrinogen covalent conjugate (UK-Fbg) was studied by the example of venous thrombosis in dogs. Comparing the effect of separate use of the two components, we observed the potentiation of thrombolytic effect induced by an i.v. bolus infusion administration of the tissue-type plasminogen activator (1 and 4 mg, respectively) combined with a bolus administration 15 min after the first injection of the 25,000 IU UK-Fbg. Faster-action and potentiation effects of thrombolysis were observed with the same administration scheme when the t-PA was used as bolus infusion (1 and 1 mg, respectively) combined with a bolus of the 250,000 IU fibrinogen-modified urokinase. The findings indicate an approach to the development of efficient thrombolytic compositions.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Mechanical ventilation in conjunction with the intra-aortic balloon pump improves the outcome of patients in profound cardiogenic shock.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), in conjunction with the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), on the outcome of patients in profound cardiogenic shock. PATIENTS: Twenty-eight consecutive patients presenting with myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock refractory to medical therapy, including dobutamine, dopamine and fluid administration. Eighteen patients were assisted by the IABP alone (IABP group), and ten patients by the IABP plus controlled mechanical ventilation with PEEP set at 10 cmH(2)O (IABP + CMV group). RESULTS: Weaning from mechanical assistance was accomplished in 8 out of 18 patients in the IABP group versus 9 out of 10 patients in the IABP + CMV group (p = 0.04). Ultimately, 5 of 18 patients in the IABP group were discharged from the hospital versus 8 of 10 patients in the IABP + CMV group (p = 0. 01). CONCLUSION: Mechanical ventilation with PEEP at 10 cmH(2)O supplements the IABP and may improve the survival rates of patients suffering from cardiogenic shock.

Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary hemorrhage: imaging with a new magnetic resonance blood pool agent in conjunction with breathheld three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography.

PURPOSE: To describe the three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography (3D MRA) imaging appearance of the pulmonary arteries following administration of a superparamagnetic iron oxide blood pool agent to human volunteers, and to demonstrate in an animal model (pigs) how this technique can be used to detect pulmonary parenchymal hemorrhage. METHODS: Two volunteers were examined following the intravenous administration of a superparamagnetic iron oxide blood pool agent (NC100150 Injection, Nycomed Amersham Imaging, Wayne, PA, USA). T1-weighted 3D gradient recalled echo (GRE) image sets (TR/TE 5.1/1.4 msec, flip angle 30 degrees ) were acquired breath-held over 24 sec. To assess the detectability of pulmonary bleeding with intravascular MR contrast, pulmonary parenchymal injuries were created in two animals under general anesthesia, and fast T1-weighted 3D GRE image sets collected before and after the injury. RESULTS: Administration of the intravascular contrast in the two volunteers resulted in selective enhancement of the pulmonary vasculature permitting complete visualization and excellent delineation of central, segmental, and subsegmental arteries. Following iatrogenic injury in the two animals, pulmonary hemorrhage was readily detected on the 3D image sets. CONCLUSION: The data presented illustrate that ultrafast 3D GRE MR imaging in conjunction with an intravenously administered intravascular blood pool agent can be used to perform high-quality pulmonary MRA as well as to detect pulmonary hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

A partially disarmed vir helper plasmid, pKYRT1, in conjunction with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyactic acid promotes emergence of regenerable transgenic somatic embryos from immature cotyledons of soybean.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain KYRT1 harboring the virulence helper plasmid pKYRT1 induces transgenic somatic embryos (SEs) at high frequency from infected immature soybean cotyledons. KYRT1 is derived from the highly oncogenic strain Chry5. However, pKYRT1 is not completely disarmed and still contains an entire T-right (T(R)) and a portion of T-left (T(L)). In this report, binary strains, each carrying fully disarmed vir helper plasmids including pKPSF2, which is a fully disarmed version of pKYRT1, were compared to strain KYRT1 for their ability to induce transgenic SEs on immature cotyledons of soybean. Six weeks following cocultivation, histochemical GUS assays of cultured explants indicated that all fully disarmed vir helper plasmids transferred their binary T-DNA, containing a GUS-intron gene, into soybean tissues. However, none of these transformed tissues developed SEs on medium with or without 2,4-dichlorophenoxyactic acid (2,4-D). On the other hand, immature cotyledons cocultivated with strain KYRT1 exhibited high induction of transgenic SEs, but only on medium supplemented with 2,4-D. Derivatives of strain Chry5 harboring other vir helper plasmids did not induce transgenic SEs under any conditions tested, thus suggesting that the chromosomal background of KYRT1 alone was not sufficient to promote somatic embryogenesis. PCR analysis indicated that 55% of transgenic embryogenic cultures and 29% of transgenic T(0) soybean plants derived by transformation using strain KYRT1 contained T(R) from pKYRT1 in addition to the uidA gene from the binary construct. None of the transgenic tissues or T(0) plants contained T(L) DNA. These results suggest that some function coded for by T(R) of pKYRT1 influences somatic embryogenesis in conjunction with exposure of the plant tissues to 2,4-D. Since the co-transformation frequency of the undesirable T-DNA sequences from the vir helper plasmid was relatively low, the partially disarmed strain KYRT1 will likely be very useful for the production of normal transgenic plants of diverse soybean cultivars.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1981

Mechanisms of insulin resistance in man. Assessment using the insulin dose-response curve in conjunction with insulin-receptor binding.

During the past few years it has become increasingly apparent that insulin resistance may be a more frequent cause of carbohydrate intolerance or contributing factor in carbohydrate intolerance than was hitherto appreciated. Abnormal insulin action may result from prereceptor, receptor or postreceptor defects. These may be manifested by an increase in the concentration of insulin necessary for a half-maximal effect (decreased sensitivity) or a decrease in the maximal response to insulin (decreased responsiveness), or both. Alterations in sensitivity and responsiveness to insulin can be distinguished only by evaluating insulin dose-response curves. When used in conjunction with measurements of insulin binding to its receptor, the characteristics of these curves can provide insight into the mechanism or mechanisms responsible for insulin resistance.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1989

Use of the diaminobenzoic acid fluorescence assay in conjunction with uv absorbance as a means of quantifying and ascertaining the purity of a DNA preparation.

In the course of a study conducted to determine the correlation between covalently bound DNA-ethyl adducts and specific locus mutation induction in maize (W. E. Schy and M. J. Plewa Mutat. Res., 211, 231-241), it was necessary to accurately quantify and ascertain the purity of small amounts of DNA isolated from germinating maize kernels. DNA was purified from leaf primordial tissue that was dissected from germinating maize kernels and quantified by measuring its absorbance at 260 nm. Its absorbance at 260 nm relative to its absorbance at 280 nm (A260/A280 ratio) fell within the range of values that indicated a pure preparation. An attempt to verify the quantity of DNA using a second independent method specific for DNA, the diaminobenzoic acid dihydrochloride fluorescence assay, revealed a significant discrepancy between the two methods. The difference appeared to result from impurities present within the DNA preparation, despite a A260/A280 ratio that indicated otherwise. We found the A260/A280 ratio to be a poor indicator of the purity of DNA preparations, and determined that significant error may result from quantifying DNA using spectrophotometric methods alone. We propose as an alternative, quantifying DNA using the diaminobenzoic acid dihydrochloride assay in conjunction with uv absorbance at 260 nm and using a FLUOR/A260 ratio as an indicator of DNA purity.

Aminobenzoates↗
PubMed1991

Characterisation of minor tetra- to hepta-saccharides O-linked to human meconium glycoproteins by t.l.c.-m.s. microsequencing of neoglycolipid derivatives in conjunction with conventional m.s. and 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy.

As part of the establishment of a data base for core and backbone sequences of O-linked oligosaccharides of human meconium glycoproteins, the minor tetra- to hepta-saccharides released from mild-acid treated blood group [corrected] H-active glycoproteins have been studied. These oligosaccharides are heterogeneous and difficult to isolate, and a t.l.c.-m.s. microsequencing procedure has been applied to the neoglycolipid derivatives, in conjunction with 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and mass spectrometry (m.s.) of native and methylated oligosaccharides. Among an array of oligosaccharides characterised are those having the branched beta-GlcNAc-(1----6)[beta-Gal- (1----3)]-GalNAcol core, and others with the following linear sequences not characterised previously from this source: beta-Gal-(1----3)-beta-GlcNAc-(1----3)-beta-Gal-(1----3)-GalNAcol, beta-Gal-(1----4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1----3)-beta-Gal-(1----3)-GalNAcol, alpha-GalNAc- (1----3)-beta-Gal-(1----3/4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1----3)-GalNAcol, beta-GlcNAc- (1----3)-beta-Gal-(1----3/4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1----3)- GalNAcol, beta-Gal-(1----3/4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1----3)-beta-Gal-(1----3/4)-beta- GlcNAc-(1----3)-beta-Gal-(1----3)-GalNAcol, and beta-GlcNAc-(1----3)-beta-Gal-(1----3/4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1----3)-beta-Gal- (1----3/4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1----3)-GalNAcol.

Anthocyanins↗