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PubMedDate not supplied

An evidence-based interactive computer program to assist physicians in counseling smokers to quit.

Computerized expert systems offer the promise of increasing the frequency and efficiency of physician counseling of smokers to quit by collecting pertinent data and presenting it to physicians in a useful manner to guide and inform the counseling session. This article explores one such program that collects patient information, before the physician visit, that is pertinent to counseling smokers as described in the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research's Smoking Cessation Guidelines and supported in the medical literature. The program uses the information collected to produce two reports: one for the physician to use during the visit and the other for the patient as a means of supplementing and reinforcing the counseling message. Pilot data are presented from volunteers and primary care patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Caries risk assessment: a comparison between the computer program 'Cariogram', dental hygienists and dentists.

UNLABELLED: The 'Cariogram', which is an interactive PC-program for caries risk evaluation, illustrates the interaction between caries related factors and expresses the caries risk graphically. It also demonstrates a weighted impact of the different etiological factors on the risk. The aim of this paper was to use the Cariogram program on a set of patients, and to compare the outcome of its risk evaluation with those made by dental hygienists and dentists. A questionnaire, containing the descriptions of five patients with detailed information on nine factors generally associated with caries, was given to the participants. They were asked to rank the patients according to their 'chance to avoid dental caries' during the coming year. The results were compared with the assessments obtained from the Cariogram. RESULTS: 73.5% of the dental hygienists and 78.5% of the dentists ranked the patients for caries risk either identically or with only one deviation when compared to the Cariogram. It was concluded that the 'opinion' of the Cariogram on caries risk was in agreement with that of the majority of the participants. In addition, the Cariogram program induced discussions about the relative impact of etiological factors of caries. It is envisaged that the Cariogram can serve as one further tool in the teaching of caries risk.

Buffers↗
PubMed2002

[Anticoagulant therapy at four hospitals in Ostergötland--quality control using a shared computer program].

Anticoagulation therapy in four hospital anticoagulation clinics in the Swedish county of Ostergötland was evaluated using statistical functions in a software package for patient management used by all four clinics. During the period 1998-2000 the degree of therapeutic control of anticoagulation differed between the four hospitals. However the overall quality of therapeutic control tended to be better than that reported from routine treatment at other centers and comparable to that found in randomized controlled trials of anticoagulation treatment of atrial fibrillation. The recorded frequency of complications was low but probably represents an underestimate, as there was no systematic follow-up of each patient at any of the hospitals. In the future, quality control of clinical follow-up of anticoagulation treatment must be improved. There is also a need for more user-friendly and flexible software packages.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Perspective of informal caregivers on home care. Qualitative study with a computer program].

BACKGROUND: A hot debate exists in our country as to the models of home care which must be developed. This study is aimed at ascertaining how the family caregivers of terminal cancer patients, of the elderly suffering from dementia and of individuals having undergone major operations in outpatient surgery programs rate the quality of the home care provided. METHODS: A phenomenological type qualitative study based on discussion groups (9), triangular groups (5) and in-depth interviews (22). This study was conducted in Andalusia throughout the 1999-2000 period. The subjects of the study were the main caregivers of patients provided with home care through the healthcare centers. The information must be analyzed by means of a Nudist-4 software-aided content analysis. The analysis variables were those of the Servqual model. RESULTS: For the caregivers of cancer patients, the most important aspects of the quality of the home care provided were the Response Capacity and Accessibility. This analysis revealed that the patients suffered pain but the pain was not controlled. Negative aspects hindering accessibility were the lack of home care coverage outside of regular working hours, the difficulty of getting in touch by phone, the length of time it takes for someone to come and the visits solely on request. The caregivers of patients having undergone major outpatient surgery want Security and Reliability. They complain of the short length of time within which the patients are released from the hospital and of the home care provided by the health care center. The caregivers of the elderly with dementia place top priority on being provided with the materials they need to take care of these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Caregivers' and patients' expectations differ, depending on health problems, therefore, the type of home care provided should vary, according to the health problems involved. It is necessary to develop a flexible model, capable of adapting to different patient needs and the diverse circumstances that affect family caregivers.

Caregivers↗
PubMed1992

[Computer program for the analysis of clinical diagnostic errors based on a pathology database].

The program is tested on the material of 882 autopsy protocols. All parts of clinical and pathology diagnoses were included into the generation of the data base. Automatized analysis allowed to assess main characteristics of the patient material with a histogram demonstration of group statistics according to all positions considered as well as to obtain information on the influence of more complex pathology diagnosis of a main disease, sex and age on the frequency of clinical diagnosis mistakes.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1992

[Quality assurance in traumatology--initial experiences with a computer program for the selection of trauma patients for morbidity and mortality conferences].

Trauma is the leading cause of death in the under thirties age group in Switzerland and the third leading cause in the 30-64 age group. In addition to efforts in the area of prevention, optimization must also be attained in individual medical care in order to reduce mortality and morbidity. Improvements are only possible, however, when based on precise knowledge of accident epidemiology and possible weak spots in the rescue chain, which begins at the scene of the accident and ends with discharge from hospital. This information should be complied for our region with the aid of a trauma register on the basis of internationally recognized elements. The following comments describe in a shortened form the CDC-Register (Centers for Disease Control, USA). Using our own initial experiences, the practical application and use of the corresponding Register-Software ("Trauma registry", Version 2.0, 1990) for conferences on mortality and morbidity, the basic guarantee of quality, are demonstrated.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed2004

The Surgical Illustrator: a web enabled computer program for documenting clinical and procedural details.

The medical record not only stores information on actions taken regarding patient care but it is also a source of education for those who read it. Nurses, residents, interns, students and consulting clinicians look to the medical record to gain an understanding of clinical disease and the diagnostic studies and treatment regimens used to affect the disease. We have presented our initial findings and our framework for developing and evaluating The Surgical Illustrator, a software program that will enable clinicians to include in EMRs information that is usually hand drawn in traditional medical records. The future of the EMR will be a direct result of research and development devoted to creating innovative means of conveying clinically pertinent data. Our goal is to make a major contribution to this effort.

Humans↗