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A comparative study of porphyrin synthesis by whole blood and haemolysates from different mammalian species.
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[Reactions of dental tissue to laser radiation].
Tests made with Nd: YAG laser showed that it is possible to seal the surface of teeth with laser radiation using energy densities of 10 J/cm2 to 50 J/cm2. In-vivo experiments with monkeys did not show any demage to the pulp when these energy densities and radiation close to that in the dental office were applied.
Some aspects of the monkey neurovirulence test used for the assessment of oral poliovirus vaccines.
Twelve years of experience in three control laboratories with 8,000 macaca monkeys for the testing of 204 monovalent lots of the three types of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), have shown that the new monkey neurovirulence test (MNVT) adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) is a reproducible and sensitive assay likely to ensure the safety of this vaccine in humans. When the test vaccine and the appropriate homotypic reference vaccine were tested in a single group of monkeys, the concurrent use of the reference vaccine considerably increased the reproducibility of the test. The usefulness of the WHO MNVT was further demonstrated in our laboratory when the test was applied to types 1 and 3 vaccine strains that were passaged serially in the intestinal tract of infants. The test was suitable for detecting increased monkey neurovirulence in these human passage strains that did not reach the level of neurovirulence of the "wild" types 1 and 3 strains tested concurrently (except human passage no. 7 of the type 3 vaccine that multiplied for a cumulative 109 days in seven infants). The statistical analysis of the data showed that the old intrathalamic (IT) assay used for many years in our laboratory was considerably less sensitive than the intraspinal WHO MNVT; a test vaccine with a two-fold increase in monkey neurovirulence showed a 41% chance of failing in the IT test (using 30 monkeys per vaccine), while this chance increased to 99% in the WHO assay (using 12 monkeys for types 1 and 2 vaccines and 20 monkeys for type 3 vaccine). Indeed, three of seven type 3 lots tested in our laboratory with both assays failed in the WHO assay but all lots passed in the IT test. Since the introduction of the WHO MNVT in Canada and the United Kingdom, the number of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis cases in the population continued to remain at a low level.
Monkey antiserum to MLC-primed human T lymphocytes.
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Sparganosis in non-human primates.
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Cerebral asymmetry in Old World monkeys.
A photogrammetric computer analysis of 88 endocasts, representing 8 genera of Old World monkeys, reveals cortical asymmetry in lengths of the Sylvian fissure, superior temporal sulcus, lateral edge of the orbit and distance separating rectus and arcuate sulci. Hypothetical expansion of left prefrontal and parietal integration cortices explains these asymmetries.
External neuroanatomy of old world monkeys (Cercopithecoidea).
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Intestinal gradient of enterokinase activity in different species of animals.
The proximodistal gradient of enterokinase activity was studied in mucosal homogenates of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum (or megacaecum) and sigmoid flexure of various mammals. The study was carried out in groups of 5 monkeys, guinea pigs, dogs and rats and also in gnotobiological rats--conventional (n = 5), germ-free (n = 10) and monocontaminated (n = 5) with Escherichia coli 0 86. Enterokinase activity was likewise determined in duodenal mucosal homogenates prepared from material resected at operation from adult humans (n = 5) and from a group of monkeys (n = 5), with and without the addition of Triton X-100. Enzymatic activity was determined by a modification of Nordström and Dahlqvist's method, using pH-stat titration. In all the animals, enterokinase values were unequivocally the highest in the duodenal mucosa; in the other intestinal segments it displayed a marked aboral decrease, so that we found about 30% of duodenal activity in the jejunum, trace amounts in the ileum and zero values in the caecum and the sigmoid flexure. In the individual animals, the enterokinase activity values fell in the sequence monkey greater than guinea-pig greater than dog greater than rat. Enterokinase activity in the human duodenum was practically the same as in the rat duodenal mucosa. No reciprocal differences were found in gnotobiological rats. Either whole homogenate or the supernatant of triton-treated homogenate can be used for the demonstration of enterokinase in laboratory practice. The only part which can be employed for diagnostic purposes in duodenal mucosa.
Use of synthetic N-acyl-L-tyrosine methyl- and ethylester substrates for the determination of chymotrypsin activity.
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Prevalence of herpes B virus antibody in nonhuman primates reared at the National University of Japan.
A serological investigation by means of an enzyme immuno assay test for herpes B virus (cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) was performed on 961 sera of healthy nonhuman primates reared in laboratory animal facilities which belong to the Association of Laboratory Animal Facilities of the National University of Japan. An antibody prevalence of 40% (384/ 961) was demonstrated. The antibody titer was shown to be higher among macaques (60% of cynomolgus monkeys, 53% of rhesus monkeys, and 34% of Japanese monkeys) than among non-macaque species (21%). These data indicate that nonhuman primates reared in animal facilities may present an occupational health problem and a potential zoonotic biohazard as demonstrated in limited cases in the United States.
[Changes in the dental pulp during the preparation of artificial cavities (an electron microscopic study)].
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