Accumulation of chromium in Chinese hamster V79-cells and nuclei.
The bioavailability of carcinogenic compounds plays an important role in the process of oncogenesis. Chromium in its hexavalent oxidation state is classified as carcinogen to humans. Therefore we studied the uptake of chromate(VI) into Chinese hamster V79 cells and nuclei isolated after the incubation of the whole cells with chromate. The chromium content of cells and nuclei was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Chromate is taken up in a concentration dependent manner and accumulates to about 30 fold over the extracellular concentration of 0.1 mmol/l. Incubating whole cells with the same concentration results in an intranuclear concentration of up to 6 mmol/l after 3 h. The kinetic parameters (KM = 0.34 mmol/l, Vmax = 0.12 fmol per cell and minute) are in the same order of magnitude as previously published data. The consequences of the high intracellular and intranuclear concentrations are discussed in terms of the genotoxic effects.