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PubMed1989

[An autopsy case of adenocarcinoma of the lung with signet ring cells, manifesting with aphasia and hemiparesis due to nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis].

A 42-year-old male was admitted to Tokyo University Hospital because of confusion, aphasia and right hemiparesis. Cranial computed tomography and cerebral angiography demonstrated cerebral infarction due to occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery, while chest roentgenography disclosed a nodular shadow in the right upper lobe and swelling of right hilar and paratracheal lymph nodes. These findings suggested carcinoma of pulmonary origin and tumor-associated cerebral thrombosis, but a possibility of gastric cancer was raised by the finding of cervical lymph node biopsy which revealed signet ring cells in metastatic adenocarcinoma. He developed disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome and died on the 83rd hospital day. Autopsy revealed adenocarcinoma of the lung with signet ring cells and non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis which appeared to be responsible for the cerebral infarction. The relationship between adenocarcinoma of the lung with signet ring cells and non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis was discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Acquired aphasia syndrome with epilepsy (Landau-Kleffner syndrome) secondary to cerebral arteritis. 4 cases].

We report four cases of acquired aphasia with epilepsy syndrome or Landau-Kleffner syndrome in three boys and one girl who were previously in good health. Along with the clinical picture, we describe cerebral arteriographic findings, which consisted of obstructive arteriopathy of small and medium size vessels in delimited areas. A specific cause of the arteriopathy was not found in any case. We discuss the treatment (corticosteroids and calcium antagonists) and the course of the patients. In front of the possibility of being isolated cases, we discuss the interest of performing cerebral angiographic studies in patients with Landau-Kleffner syndrome in initial stage in order to confirm the consistence of these findings and the adequate treatment.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1978

Aphasia: providing better nursing care.

The ability to communicate affects the total person and penetrates nearly every aspects of living. To best assist those persons experiencing language loss, the nurse needs to gain basic knowledge about the types of aphasia and about techniques to guide these persons in regaining communication skills that promote self-care. For the aphasic, relearning each small step in communication is a triumph. It is hoped that we can aid these individuals in experiencing many triumphs.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1987

[A case of aphasia with speech disorders by infarction of the left caudate nucleus and putamen].

An infarction involving the left putamen, caudate nucleus and the anterior limb of the internal capsule, resulted in aphasia with semantic paraphasias, verbal incoherence and verbal memory impairment. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) studies with 133Xe inhalation at 20 days post onset showed, on one hand, a bilateral lowering of cortical blood flow and on the other hand a left frontal-parietal hypoperfusion area. Spontaneous recovery occurred within 2 months. While the mean CBF became normal at 14 months post onset, a relative hypoperfusion area persisted on the anterior left hemispheric cortex. On the basis of these findings and current CBF and metabolic studies carried out in patients with subcortical lesions, the authors discuss the role of cortical and subcortical structures in subcortical aphasic syndromes. The importance of reciprocal connections between cortex, striatum and thalamus is stressed.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1986

Alterations in communication. Biopsychosocial aspects of aphasia, dysarthria, and right hemisphere syndromes in the stroke patient.

Aphasia, dysarthria, and right hemisphere syndromes will be discussed from several vantage points which are important in facilitating the nurse's role in the work of the speech pathologist. General guidelines for determining whether a patient exhibits a communicative disorder and is in need of further diagnosis and treatment will be delineated. Communication suggestions for family and staff and a checklist of deficit areas will be offered. Additionally, a description of possible psychological reactions to the disorder and their effect on the patient and his social network will be provided.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1978

[Aphasia and neurolinguistics].

General dominance is a basis of human language. Neurolinguistics deal with this phenomenon and with central language disturbances. Collaboration with general linguistics and neuropsychology is necessary. The most important symptoms of aphasia and the problems of classification and of speech therapy are discussed.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1985

Handedness, language dominance and aphasia: a genetic model.

A simple two-allele Mendelian model of the genetics of handedness is described and fitted to data in the literature. The model proposes that there are two alleles, D (dextral) and C (chance), the homozygous DD genotype producing only right-handers (directional asymmetry), the homozygous CC genotype producing a racemic mixture of 50% right-handers and 50% left-handers (fluctuating asymmetry), and the heterozygote, DC, being intermediate between the homozygotes and producing 25% left-handers, and 75% right-handers. It is also suggested that the true population incidence of left-handedness is 7.75%, deviations from this figure being due to either criterion shifts or selection biases. The same model is then fitted, by means of a number of minor conceptual extensions, to data from the literature on the relationship of handedness to language dominance, acute and permanent aphasia, and visual processing dominance.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1986

Aphasia treatment delivered by telephone.

Telephone delivery of speech and language treatment programs may be an effective supplement to the more traditional face-to-face delivery. This report describes the response of a nonfluent aphasic patient who, at 11 years postonset, was treated over the telephone using a hierarchically structured syntax treatment program. Examination of pre- and posttreatment performance on the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test and the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination Cookie Theft Description showed improvement on both dependent variables. The results support the use of telephone therapy with patients who are unable to attend clinic sessions because of geographic inaccessibility or transportation problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Types of apraxia of the articulation apparatus in afferent motor aphasia].

On the basis of the comparative data on physiology and psychology of speech, as well as applied and comparative linguistics, it is known that apraxia of articulation apparatus in patients with afferent motor aphasia is heterogenous. The study of 3 groups of patients with primary apraxia of either a tongue, lips, or pharynx and larynx allowed one to find that in persons whose native language is Russian, written speech, reading and understanding is disturbed to a lesser degree in primary apraxia of glotis and larynx that are not initial phonemoformation organs in the Russian language.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1977

[New possibilities of anatomo-clinical correlation in aphasia using cerebral tomodensitometry (author's transl)].

The authors present a method using cerebral tomodensitometry to establish anatomo-clinical correlations in aphasia. They confirm, in their broad lines, the results of previous studies. They stress the importance of the material that could be studied by this method and define the ideal conditions in which future work should be carried out. (Acta neurol. belg., 1977, 77, 351-362).

Aphasia↗
PubMed1983

Cerebral asymmetry for verbal information in severe aphasia.

Reaction times (rt's) of 3 M and 6 F Ss aged 57-84 yrs (mn = 69 yrs) with severe Broca's aphasia and of 9 normal matched Ss were measured to taped verbal stimuli (12 word-pairs posing minimal phonemic contrasts; half the contrasts were prevocalic, half postvocalic. Identical words were presented monotically to both ears; difference in manual rt to pictures of these words was taken to indicate ear advantage). The aphasics had limited but reliable auditory comprehension and minimal speech; they evidenced L-ear advantage in rt's although the postvocalic rt as compared with prevocalic rt was normal. These results were interpreted as indicating a latent R-brain linguistic capacity which emerged after significant L-brain damage.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Nature of repetition disorders in conduction aphasia].

The skeptic over the existence of this important clinical entity, are now very few. Anatomo-clinical studies and the analysis of altered cognitive procedures suggest, however, that we are dealing with a heterogeneous group. Two models of conduction apahasias are presented, in which the mechanism of the altered repetition, as well as the probable localization of the lesion, differ considerably. One has a lesion in the posterior parietal region of the left hemisphere and it exemplifies an acoustic verbal memory deficit (short term memory). The other points at a functional disconnection between the decodification and verbal processes and those of expression. In this case, we are dealing with a left temporal lesion in a left-handed individual. The analysis of our material and of the clinical literature upholds the idea of a plurality of the altered mechanisms in the verbal repetition and suggest that the conduction aphasia is a syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[An example of rehabilitation of speech by mediation-techniques in aphasia].

In a case of severe aphasia it was attempted to use a mediation technique. During several months there was no improvement in speech by using the usual techniques. The patient had to learn several gestures that corresponded to different letters. This technique result in a considerable speech improvement. It is discussed which mechanisms are possibly involved in the rehabilitation process; the practical importance of the mediation technique is suggested.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1983

[Apparent deafness as a manifestation of an aphasia-epilepsy syndrome].

Seven children with clinically evident deafness not confirmed by objective audiometric tests, and an acquired language deficiency, presented marked paroxysmal anomalies on electroencephalogram tracings. The aphasia-epilepsy syndrome can only be recognized by routine electroencephalograms, conducted in such cases even when a history of epileptic attacks is not abtained.

Aphasia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Contribution to our knowledge of the Landau and Kleffner "acquired aphasia with epilepsy" syndrome].

The Authors describe a case of aphasia acquired in childhood together with epilepsy (syndrome of Landau and Kleffner) and treated for seven years. The patient had simple and complex partial attacks, motor dysphasia, frequent and heavy headache, and electroencephalographic paroxysmal anomalies with multifocal distribution. While the disease evolved with regression of disphasia and epilepsy, the EEG alterations persisted. In view of similar cases reported in the literature and the present treatment the Authors feel that syndrome is an inflammatory disease, its evolution being slow. The results of neuroradiological investigations support such hypothesis. The prognosis is poor (anomalies of speech persisted in 2 out of 3) and further studies are essential. A systematic use of cerebral biopsy is suggested.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1983

International trends in aphasia rehabilitation.

Some of the most prominent international approaches to aphasia therapy are discussed with the aim of stimulating the continued exchange of information within an international, crosscultural, and multilingual framework. The discussion focuses on several central topics of rehabilitation, including efficacy of language therapy, therapies of a general nature, therapies of reading and writing impairments, and rehabilitation of bilingual and foreign-speaking aphasic persons. Past practices are critically assessed with stipulations for future innovative approaches and delineation of areas in which additional research is desirable.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1983

Brain organization for language: clues from sign aphasia.

Since sign language conveys many grammatical relations by manipulating spatial relations, its study provides a unique opportunity to investigate cerebral specialization for language. Three deaf signers with damage to the left hemisphere were administered an array of formal sign language tests and a linguistic analysis of their spontaneous signing was performed. All three signers showed aphasia for sign language. Strikingly, in these patients, differential damage within the left hemisphere appeared to lead to selective impairment of the structural layers of sign language (e.g. lexicon versus grammar). These data provide the first demonstration of grammatical breakdown in sign language. Importantly, the language impairments of these patients stood in marked contrast to their relatively intact capacities to process nonlanguage visual-spatial relationships. These results suggest that the two cerebral hemispheres of deaf signers can develop separate specializations for linguistic and for visual-spatial processing, even for a visual-spatial language. They further suggest that the left hemisphere has an innate predisposition for language.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Verbal abilities of normal adults submitting to an aphasia linguistic protocol].

A language test protocol for aphasia in French-speaking patients was drawn up recently by workers in Toulouse and Montreal. The protocol has been applied to sixty hospitalized sciatica patients of the same age range and socio-cultural level as the average population of aphasics in our department. Only one of the normal patients passed the test without any mistakes. The number and nature of the mistakes are studied statistically in relation to age, sex and socio-cultural level.

Adolescent↗