Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ADRENAL CORTEX”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Influence of diazepam on regenerating adrenal cortex in Wistar rats.

The influence of diazepam on the mitotic activity of regenerating adrenal cortex in male Wistar rats was investigated. Diazepam administration (5 mg/kg/day) was shown to inhibit the mitotic index of adrenocortical cells on the 4th and 8th day after adrenal enucleation combined with contralateral adrenalectomy. The possible mechanism of diazepam action is discussed.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1983

Contributions of cytoplasmic free and membrane-bound ribosomes to the synthesis of NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase and adrenodoxin of bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria.

Cytoplasmic free and membrane-bound ribosomes were isolated from bovine adrenal cortex, and characterized. Contributions of free and bound ribosomes to the synthesis of NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase (AdR) and adrenodoxin (Ad) were determined by examining the presence of their nascent peptides on isolated ribosomes. Nascent peptides were released from the ribosomes by [3H]puromycin in a high salt buffer in the presence of a detergent, and the nascent peptides of AdR and Ad were separately isolated by immunoprecipitation using antibodies. AdR nascent peptides were associated with free and loosely-bound ribosomes, whereas Ad nascent peptides were associated with free, loosely-bound and tightly-bound ribosomes. Smaller nascent peptides of AdR were carried by free ribosomes, whereas larger nascent peptides were preferentially carried by loosely-bound ribosomes. In the case of Ad, smaller nascent peptides were more abundant in free ribosomes than in bound ribosomes. The nascent peptides of Ad were released from bound ribosomes of rough microsomes to the aqueous milieu by puromycin treatment, suggesting the release of completed Ad peptides into the cytoplasm in cells.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1999

Probable effect of photoperiod on seasonal variation in the nuclear volume of the adrenal cortex of viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus).

The neuroendocrine system regulates several organic functions such as reproduction, metabolism and adaptation to the environment. This system shows seasonal changes linked to the environment. The experimental model used in the present study was Lagostomus maximus maximus (viscacha). The reproduction of males of this species is photoperiod dependent. Twenty-four adult male viscachas were captured in their habitat at different times during one year. The adrenal glands were processed for light microscopy. Serial cuts were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for the morphometric study, and 100 nuclei of each zone of the adrenal cortex were counted per animal. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and the Tukey test. The cells of the glomerulosa zone are arranged in a tube-shaped structure. The fasciculata zone has large cells with central nuclei and clearly visible nucleoli and with a vacuolar cytoplasm. In the reticularis zone there are two of types of cells, one with a nucleus of fine chromatin and a clearly visible nucleolus and the other with nuclear pycnosis. Morphometric analysis showed maximum nuclear volumes during the February-March period with values of 133 +/- 7.3 microm3 for the glomerulosa, 286.4 +/- 14.72 microm3 for the fasciculata, and 126.3 +/- 9.49 microm3 for the reticularis. Minimum nuclear volumes were observed in August with values of 88.24 +/- 9.9 microm3 for the glomerulosa, 163.7 +/- 7.78 microm3 for the fasciculata and 64.58 +/- 4.53 microm3 for the reticularis. The short winter photoperiod to which viscacha is subjected could inhibit the adrenal cortex through a melatonin increase which reduces the nuclear volume as well as the cellular activity.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1989

Nuclear progesterone-binding protein in the guinea pig adrenal cortex: distinction from the classical progesterone receptor.

Nuclei purified from the guinea pig adrenal cortex contain a specific progesterone-binding activity which, based on enzyme degradation studies, appears to be proteinaceous. Saturation analysis revealed a Kd of about 15 nM and a binding capacity of about 33 pmol/mg DNA. The activity of the nuclear binding protein was specific essentially for progestational steroids; the two most potent progesterone competitors were 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione and medroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-hydroxy-6 alpha-methylprogesterone), while 17 beta-estradiol, testosterone, cortisol, and other related steroids were poor competitors. The adrenocortical nuclear progesterone-binding protein was present to an equal extent in both male and female guinea pigs. The adrenocortical nuclear progesterone-binding protein differed from the classical progesterone receptor in that 1) the affinity of the adrenocortical binding protein for progesterone is an order of magnitude lower; 2) the potent synthetic progestin R5020 binds less tightly to the adrenocortical progesterone-binding protein; 3) the adrenocortical progesterone-binding protein is not modulated by estrogenic activity; 4) the adrenocortical progesterone-binding protein is more stable at 37 C; 5) the adrenocortical nuclear progesterone-binding protein is not salt extractable; and 6) Western blot analysis has revealed that an antiprogesterone receptor monoclonal antibody, which recognizes the guinea pig uterine classical nuclear progesterone receptor, does not recognize the adrenocortical nuclear progesterone-binding protein. Thus, the guinea pig adrenocortical nucleus contains a type of progesterone-binding protein that appears to be clearly different from the classical progesterone receptor.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1989

Prenatal development of the adrenal gland in the pig (Sus scrofa domestica). Part I. The differentiation and development of the adrenal cortex primordium in the first half of pregnancy.

The differentiation and development of the adrenal gland in pig embryos from 18 to 48 days of pregnancy were investigated with histological and histochemical methods and in electron microscope. Primordia of the adrenal cortex appear at 21st day as two symmetrical streaks of the condensed mesenchymal cells between the mesonephros, aorta dorsalis and mesenterium. The capillaries and chromaffinoblasts penetrate the primordium. The mesenchymal cells differentiate into adrenal cortical cells. In the differentiating cells both, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum as well as the number of mitochondria increase. The shape of the cells changes and their projections transform into microvilli. The fetal cortical cells have features of the steroidogenic cells with abundant SER in whorls and numerous mitochondria with tubular cristae. The giant mitochondria and dense lamellar bodies were observed in these cells. The microvilli on cell surfaces form a microlabirynth in intercellular and perivascular spaces.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed2003

Hypersensitivity of the adrenal cortex to trophic and secretory effects of angiotensin II in Lyon genetically-hypertensive rats.

In Lyon hypertensive (LH) rats, a model of low-renin genetic hypertension, we investigated adrenal sensitivity to angiotensin II in terms of angiotensin II receptor (AT1 and AT2 receptors) regulation, morphological changes, and aldosterone and corticosterone secretion. Twelve-week-old LH rats, compared with normotensive LN and LL rats, were either untreated or treated for 4 weeks with AT1 receptor antagonist irbesartan (50 mg/kg/d), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril (3 mg/kg/d), or perindopril (3 mg/kg/d) plus angiotensin II infusion (200 ng/kg/min). At 16 weeks, untreated LH rats had high systolic blood pressure (P<0.05), low aldosterone (P<0.05), and increased corticosterone (P<0.05) plasma levels. AT1-receptor binding density in the zona glomerulosa was similar in the three strains. In LH rats, angiotensin II infusion increased the relative adrenal weight from 10.5+/-0.3 to 16.7+/-0.7 mg/100g (P<0.05), whereas this change was very modest in normotensive rats. Zona glomerulosa enlarged and plasma aldosterone increased after angiotensin II infusion in the 3 strains, but more markedly in LH versus normotensive rats (2.4- versus 1.3- and 1.6-fold, respectively; 20- versus 10-fold in normotensive rats, P<0.05). Surprisingly, after angiotensin II infusion, despite the absence of angiotensin II receptors in the three strains, the zona fasciculata-reticularis enlarged 1.5-fold and plasma corticosterone increased 1.7-fold only in LH rats (P<0.05), suggesting an indirect control of this compartment by angiotensin II. The hypertrophy and hypersecretory activity of both zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata-reticularis in LH rats in response to angiotensin II point to the adrenal cortex as a pivotal tissue in the pathophysiology of hypertension in LH rats.

Adrenal Cortex↗