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PubMed1999

Headache interference as a function of affect and coping: an artificial neural network analysis.

Artificial neural networks present a technique for modeling relationships between variables in complex systems. The negative effects of headache are determined by many "biopsychosocial" elements that represent a complex system. Artificial neural networks may therefore be useful for examining psychological factors in headache. To test this hypothesis, we trained an artificial neural network to predict life-style interference attributed to headache from psychological measures of anger, depression, and coping appraisal and strategies. The artificial neural network demonstrated a better fit of the data than that obtained by multiple regression, and predicted interference levels to within 10% error for 80% of novel cases. Artificial neural networks may be a useful technique for examining psychological correlates of headache.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical and research measures of grief: a reconsideration.

Bereavement-induced grief and psychological intervention are important social issues and worthy of greater attention from researchers and clinicians. Here, we review currently available measures of grief and discusses the differentiation of normal grief reaction from pathological grief and major depression. Finally, we propose future directions for research on the development of new grief measures and the effects of normal and pathological grief on psychological and physical health.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

[Amniocentesis: psychological stress and coping by the pregnant female].

Anxiety as induced by aminocentesis and consequential strategies for coping there with, are the focus of this study. A group of 32 women were selected for AC due to age, and a second group of 30 women as a result of risk factors in the case history. Anxiety related to AC was self-assessed by the patients and coping strategies were rated according to the "Bernese Coping Modes" prospectively and retrospectively. Results indicate, that AC is anxiety-inducing, but does not vary with parity, indication or the degree of information, but solely with the fact of preexisting experience or absence of such with AC. 50% of the patients would have been willing to interrupt the pregnancy, had the result indicated a high risk of malformation. The coping with the waiting time until the result of AC was known was such, that the "age" group showed a great deal of optimism, whereas the risk group used several coping modes, which are more complex and also potentially problematic. This does not make the somatic risk group a psychological hazard group, but nevertheless suggests, that professionals should stand by to intervene on a psychological plane.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

The NIMH community violence project: II. Children's distress symptoms associated with violence exposure.

The rising tide of violence in American cities has placed the causes and consequences of violence squarely on the public health agenda. The U.S. Government's Year 2000 National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives includes a full chapter devoted to violence issues and delineates a number of goals and programs aimed at reducing the number of deaths and injuries associated with violence (Public Health Service 1990). Notably absent from these objectives, however, is attention to the possible adverse psychological consequences of exposure to acute or chronic violence. Nonetheless, in light of numerous media reports of children's exposure to community violence and recent reports documenting high levels of exposure even among very young children (Richters and Martinez 1993), it is reasonable to question whether the risks of exposure extend beyond death and physical injury to psychological well-being.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Spiritually augmented cognitive behavioural therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To describe spiritually augmented cognitive behaviour therapy (SACBT) and its applications. METHODS: The background for the need to incorporate spirituality into therapy is considered, and SACBT as a therapy for sustaining mental health and functional recovery is described. Cognitive and behavioural components are considered, including the use of existential techniques in discovering meaning. The use of meditation and the validation and incorporation of the appropriate belief system of patients into their treatment are described. RESULTS: Controlled studies have demonstrated 16-session SACBT to be beneficial in extinguishing hopelessness and despair, improving treatment collaboration, reducing relapse rates and enhancing functional recovery. CONCLUSION: SACBT can aid therapists in providing "whole person" care and achieving better global outcomes for patients with psychological illness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Internet breast health information use and coping among women with breast cancer.

The objective of this work was to study, among breast cancer patients, if Internet health information use is associated with coping. Questionnaires were completed (n = 178) regarding Internet use and also coping as measured by the Brief Cope. MANOVA analyses were conducted for the 14 coping subscales. Following a significant MANOVA omnibus test, univariate ANOVA and multivariate ANCOVA analyses adjusting for covariates were performed. Univariate ANOVA showed acceptance, active coping, self-blame, and denial coping associated with Internet use but these results were not maintained in the multivariate ANCOVA models. Internet health information use is not associated with psychological coping in breast cancer patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Emotional outcome of adolescents and young adults with early and continuously treated phenylketonuria.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the emotional functioning of adolescents and young adults with early and consistently treated phenylketonuria (PKU). METHODS: Twenty PKU-affected participants, ages 14-25, were compared with age-matched chronically ill (n = 17) and peer (n = 16) controls on a structured clinical interview, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, and the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale-2. Affected participants and nonparticipants were assessed using a multidomain assessment of functioning interview. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups for observable psychiatric disorders or emotional and functional symptoms. No significant differences were found in self-concept. Although there were no differences between groups for IQ or treatment variables, PKU-affected participants were more likely than nonparticipants to have sought help for psychological concerns. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that early-treated PKU-affected adolescents and young adults do not show a higher risk for psychological disturbance than appropriate controls.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Identifying the variables impacting post-burn psychological adjustment: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate variables that have the greatest impact on psychological adjustment after burn injury among children, adolescents, and young adults. METHODS: Meta-analytical procedures were utilized to determine the strength of association indices of identified impact variables. Only 13 articles were utilized due to the scarcity of and statistical limitations of the research. RESULTS: The body location variable (.26) had the greatest mean strength of association in relation to psychological adjustment. The burn injury variable (.21) had the second greatest mean strength of association. Finally, both the parental adjustment variable and the child premorbid psychological functioning variable (.15) had the third greatest mean strength of association. CONCLUSIONS: A major implication of this research is that the impact variables identified will be useful in targeting burn patients who are at risk for psychological adjustment problems.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship of patient stress to burn injury.

The stress of burn injury can have an especially profound psychologic effect on individuals with recent histories of stress life events. A review of the literature reveals a model for this effect and documents the possibility of burn-prone patients, a concept that may explain the high number of patients with burns who also report a high level of stress before injury. This study was designed to assess the proportion of patients with burns reporting previous stress and to assess the relationship of this stress to burn injury and its exacerbating effects. A definite correlation between previous stress and burn injury was found, indicating that many patients with burns may have been in a vulnerable state at injury. Since such vulnerable patients will show a more severe reaction and more serious level of psychologic dysfunction than the seriousness of their injuries might indicate, their identification would have decided benefits in their psychologic rehabilitation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Psychosocial problems of children and adolescents with a chronic disease: coping strategies.

The purpose of this pilot study was to identify the coping strategies used by children, adolescents and youths with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) attending a camp for IDDM patients near Ryosen town, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Forty-three IDDM patients (24 females and 19 males) were studied, divided into two age groups. The first group included children (seven males and 10 females). The second group included adolescents and youths (12 males and 14 females). For the child group a projective drawing method was used for study and for the older group, an open questionnaire was used. Ryan-Wenger's taxonomy of children's coping strategies and Band's coding systems and classification were used for the content analysis. 'Instrumental action', 'Emotional expression' and 'Catastrophizing thinking' were the coping strategies, represented in the child group. Gender differences in coping strategies were found in the group of adolescents and youths. The most often represented and most important coping category for the male subgroup was 'Behavioral avoidance'. Next in frequency of representation for the male subgroup were 'Cognitive distraction' and 'Behavioral distraction'. The coping categories 'Seeking social support' and 'Behavioral distraction' were represented with equal frequency in the female subgroup and the next was 'Aggressive activities'. The most important coping strategy for the female group was 'Talking to peers' from the seeking social support category. The study also helped to identify several children and adolescents who might need special psychological support.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

Significance of time in adjustment to marital separation.

This exploratory study compares the psychological adjustment of 199 California women in terms of time elapsed between the decision to divorce and the separation, and between the latter and the study interview. After entry of covariates, these two periods of lapsed time were found to predict level of morale and psychological symptoms.

Adaptation, Psychological↗