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PubMed2006

Integral spectrophotometric analysis of 5-aminolaevulinic acid-induced fluorescence cytology of the urinary bladder.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether tumour cells can be detected in bladder lavage fluid samples by an objective spectrofluorometric method, as 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)-induced fluorescence endoscopy (AFE) and cytology are promising valuable tools for detecting transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (TCCB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: After instilling ALA into the urinary bladder, lavage samples were collected and their sediments analysed spectroscopically under blue excitation at approximately 400 nm wavelength. During AFE, biopsies were taken. From 62 cases, 24 patients had a histologically confirmed TCCB (group A), 28 had a history of TCCB but no evidence of disease (group B) and 10 were negative for TCCB (group C). RESULTS: Lavage sediments of all patients fluoresced in the green spectral range, typical of cellular autofluorescence. Sediments of all patients of group A caused red fluorescence peaking at 635 nm, indicating protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). The PPIX signals derived from bleaching spectra were significantly different between benign and malignant findings (P = 0.001). There was another red fluorescence peak at approximately 620 nm; in 19 cases its intensity exceeded the intensity of the PPIX signal. CONCLUSIONS: Spectrofluorometric analysis of lavage sample sediments can be used to detect tumour-associated red fluorescence of PPIX in TCCB. Immediate significant and objective measurements are possible, which could be further automated for the rapid diagnosis of TCCB.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Frequent administration of angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 (AGM-1470) at an optimal biological dose inhibits tumor growth and metastasis of metastatic human transitional cell carcinoma in the urinary bladder.

PURPOSE: The angiogenic inhibitor TNP-470 (AGM-1470, O-chloracetyl-carbamoyl fumagillol) has been reported to inhibit the growth of human transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in the urinary bladder. However, it is still unknown whether TNP-470 inhibits metastasis of TCC. Here, we identify an efficient protocol using TNP-470, and optimize its antitumor and antimetastatic effects on human TCC in the urinary bladder. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In vitro, the human metastatic TCC cell line 253J B-V and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells were treated with TNP-470, and examined for cell growth and protein production of angiogenic factors. To study in vivo effects of TNP-470, 253J B-V cells were implanted orthotopically into athymic nude mice. TNP-470 was administered in several dosing and scheduling regimens, and its effects on tumor growth, metastasis, intratumor neovascularization, and mRNA expression of angiogenic factors were determined in both nonestablished and established tumors. RESULTS: In vitro treatment with TNP-470 inhibited cell growth and production of basic fibroblast growth factor protein in 253J B-V and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo daily administration of TNP-470 significantly inhibited tumor growth (P < 0.001), metastasis (P < 0.05), intratumor neovascularization (P < 0.005), and mRNA expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and MMP-9 (P < 0.005), in both nonestablished and established tumors. Increasing the daily dose did not increase the effect on tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis; however, the drug-induced toxicity did increase in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent administration of TNP-470 at an optimal biological dose provided maximal antitumor and antimetastatic effects of human TCC of the urinary bladder. It may function by down-regulating angiogenic factors.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗
PubMed2001

Umbilical evagination of the urinary bladder in a neonatal filly.

An 8-hour-old Standardbred filly was evaluated because of an enlarging umbilical mass and stranguria. It was suspected that the mass was the urinary bladder; this was confirmed on surgical exploration of the abdomen. Despite a normal umbilical ring, the bladder had descended and partially everted through its urachal communication with the umbilical stalk. Partial cystectomy and umbilical resection were performed and resulted in an excellent clinical outcome. Evagination of the urinary bladder via the umbilicus has rarely been described in human infants, and, to our knowledge, it has not been reported in the veterinary literature.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Loss of heterozygosity of tumor suppressor genes at chromosome 3p in transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential effects of three tumor suppressor genes located at chromosome 3p, FHIT, hMLH1 and VHL, in carcinogenesis of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of urinary bladder in Chinese. METHODS: PCR was used to examine the heterozygosity and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the 6 microsatellite polymorphic markers inside of or flanking to the three genes tumor suppressor genes FHIT, hMLHi, and VHL in TCC tissues of 40 cases. RESULTS: The rates of heterozygosity and LOH were 55.0% (38/40) and 59.1% (22/38) for hMLH1 gene. The rates of heterozygosity and LOH were 90.0% (36/40) and 47.2% (17/36). The rate of heterozygosity of the two microsatellite polymorphic markers in the intron of FHIT gene, D2S1234 and D3S1300, were 70% (28/40) and 67.5% (27/40), The LOH rates of D2S1234 and D3S1300 were 46.4% (13/28) and 37% (10/27) respectively. The rate that at least one the these 2 microsatellite polymorphic markers was heterozygote was 95.0% (38/40), the rate that LOH occurred for at least one of them was 57.8% (22/38). The heterozygosity rate of D3S1561 and D3S1612, two microsatellite polymorphic markers linked to hMLH1 gene, were 42.5% (17/40) and 30% (12/40) respectively, the LOH rates for these two markers were 41.2% (7/17) and 75.0% (9/12) respectively, the rate that at least one of these two markers was heterozygote was 59.1% (13/22). The heterozygosity rate of D3S10368 and D3S1284, two microsatellite polymorphic markers linked to VHL gene, were 70% (28/40) and 47.5% (19/40) respectively, the LOH rates for these two markers were 42.8% (12/28) and 42.1% (8/19) respectively, the rate that at least one of these two markers was heterozygote was 90.0% (36/40). High frequencies of LOH were found in tumor suppressor genes FHIT, hMLH1 and VH. Only the LOH of D3S1284 was positively correlated with the pathological staging of TCC of urinary bladder (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: LOH in tumor suppressor genes FHIT, hMLH1 and VHL may play an important role in carcinogenesis of human urinary bladder, and may provide new approaches for early detection of TCC. Loss of VHK gene may be a late event of carcinogenesis of TCC.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗
PubMed1987

Aging and urinary bladder carcinogenesis induced in rats by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine.

The effect of age on induction of carcinogenesis by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine [(BBN) CAS: 3817-11-6] in the urinary bladder epithelium was examined in 130 male and 130 female F344 rats. Rats of both sexes 6, 52, and 98 weeks old were given 0.025% BBN in their drinking water for 20 weeks. Then approximately half the rats were sacrificed, while the rest were maintained without further treatment for 10 weeks. Examination of the rats revealed an age-related increase in the induction of urinary bladder carcinoma, although the total intakes of BBN and urinary excretions of its proximate carcinogen were not age related. Rats treated with BBN at 98 weeks of age developed more squamous cell carcinomas and invasive carcinomas than the 2 younger groups. This study demonstrated an increased risk of urinary bladder carcinogenesis with age in animals.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Reduced DNA repair response of carcinogen-induced hyperplastic cells in rat urinary bladder exposed to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in organ culture.

DNA repair response to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguadine (MNNG) was examined in an organ culture of hyperplastic urinary bladder epithelium, induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) in male F344 rats. Organ cultures of urinary bladders obtained from rats given a solution of 0.05% BBN for 4-12 weeks, were processed and exposed to MNNG (10(-3)M). The DNA repair response was estimated by autoradiographic analysis of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS). In general, hyperplastic cells of the urinary bladder induced by BBN showed lower UDS levels than those of non-hyperplastic cells. The reduction of DNA repair response to MNNG was more prominent in advanced hyperplastic cells with longer BBN treatment than in early appearing hyperplastic cells with shorter BBN treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Expression of Survivin in transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder and its clinical significance].

OBJECTIVE: Survivin is a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. Recent researches had shown that survivin plays an important role in oncogenesis. This study was designed to investigate the expression of survivin in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of urinary bladder and its clinical significance. METHODS: Immunohistochemical assay was used to detect the expression of survivin in 75 cases of tumor tissue and 7 cases of normal bladder tissue. RESULTS: The expression rates of survivin were 77.3% (58/75) in TCC of urinary bladder, whereas no expression of survivin was detected in the 7 cases of normal bladder tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of survivin protein was observed in the tumor tissue derived from the patients with bladder TCC, indicating that this protein may play an important rule in carcinogenesis of human urinary bladder. The expression of survivin was statistically significant associated with tumor grade. Our results suggested that the expression of survivin may be considered as a prognostic factor for bladder TCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Leimyosarcoma of the urinary bladder. 13 years after cyclophosphamide therapy for Hodgkin's disease.

A leiomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder occurred in a 17-year-old boy who was treated with a total dose of 67 g cyclophosphamide over a period of 5 years for Hodgkin's disease diagnosed at the age of 4. Cyclophosphamide was discontinued at the age of 9 because of gross hematuria, and intermittent hematuria recurred 8 years after (at the age of 17) the cessation of this drug. A large exophytic tumor found in the urinary bladder was diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma by light and electron microscopic studies. In addition, there were microscopic features of long-term cyclophosphamide toxicity throughout the bladder wall.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Effects of surgically induced weight loss on urinary bladder pressure, sagittal abdominal diameter and obesity co-morbidity.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effects of surgically induced weight loss on intra-abdominal pressure at one year, reflected in urinary bladder pressure, central obesity, measured by sagittal abdominal diameter and obesity co-morbidity. DESIGN: Prospective, non-randomized trial. SETTING: University Hospital, Operating Room, In-patient, Outpatient Clinics. SUBJECTS: Gastric bypass in 15 severely obese patients. MEASUREMENTS: Patients underwent pre-operative assessment of weight, body mass index (BMI), co-morbid history, urinary bladder pressure and sagittal abdominal diameter. Patients were reassessed one year after gastric bypass with repeat measurement of weight, bladder pressure, and sagittal abdominal diameter and assessment of co-morbidity. RESULTS: There were significant (P < 0.001) decreases in weight (140+/-8 - 87+/-6 kg), BMI (52+/-3 - 33+/-2 kg/m2), sagittal abdominal diameter (32+/-1 - 20+/-2 cm), urinary bladder pressure (17+/-2 - 10+/-1 cm H2O) and obesity related problems per patient (2.9+/-0.4 - 1+/-0.2) one year after gastric bypass, with 69+/-4% loss of excess weight. CONCLUSIONS: Increased sagittal abdominal diameter is associated with increased intra-abdominal pressure which contributes to obesity related co-morbidity. Weight loss following gastric bypass decreases abdominal pressure, sagittal abdominal diameter and obesity co-morbidity.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

Effects of vitamin E deficiency on autonomic neuroeffector mechanisms in the rat caecum, vas deferens and urinary bladder.

1. Modified sucrose-gap, standard organ-bath techniques and transmitter release studies were used to examine neuromuscular transmission in the caecum, vas deferens and urinary bladder in normal rats and in rats maintained for 12 months on a diet free of vitamin E. 2. In the caecum circular muscle, non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory junction potentials were absent from 48 and 15% of preparations from vitamin E-deficient and control animals, respectively. Cholinergic excitatory junction potentials were absent from 83 and 8% of vitamin E-deficient and control preparations, respectively. Responses to applied noradrenaline (0.1-30 microM), alpha,beta-methylene ATP (3-100 microM) and acetylcholine (0.1-30 microM) were attenuated or absent in vitamin E-deficient tissues. Responses to applied KCl were similar in both groups. Release of [3H]noradrenaline or endogenous acetylcholine could not be evoked from vitamin E-deficient tissues. 3. In contrast, in isolated preparations of the vas deferens and urinary bladder, neuromuscular transmission by adrenergic, cholinergic and purinergic components were unaffected by long-term vitamin E deficiency. 4. In conclusion, vitamin E deficiency causes dysfunction of autonomic neuroeffector mechanisms in the smooth muscle of the rat caecum, at both a pre- and postjunctional level. The lesions in autonomic transmission mechanisms brought about by long-term vitamin E deficiency were found only in the caecum; no changes in sympathetic neuromuscular transmission were observed in the vas deferens, or in parasympathetic neuromuscular transmission in the urinary bladder.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1990

Xenon tissue/blood partition coefficient for pig urinary bladder.

In four landrace pigs the tissue/blood partition coefficient (lambda) for xenon (Xe) for the urinary bladder was calculated after chemical analysis for lipid, water and protein content and determination of the haematocrit. The coefficients varied from bladder to bladder owing to small differences in both the haematocrit and tissue composition. In Xe washout studies of the blood flow of the urinary bladder, we recommend calculating the lambda for Xe from the actual haematocrit and from the median value of tissue composition found in the present study.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Pelvic phlebography by injection of contrast medium into the profundal dorsal penis vein for evaluation of tumor spread in cancer of the urinary bladder and prostate (author's transl)].

1. Tumors with infiltration of the mucosa and submucosa (T1) as muscularis (T2) do not cause anatomical alterations of visceral and parietal pelvic veins, as numerous phlebographies have confirmed. Internal pudendal veins and vessels of the bladder and prostate are involved in all patients with infiltration of bladder tumors into the paravesical tissue or prostate. -- 2. Phlebographic signs for metastatic lymph node involvement in carcinoma of the urinary bladder were observed in 24.5% (T2 in 11.7%, T3 in 33.8%, T4 in 25% of cases). These lesions were absent in tumors which involved the mucosal and submucosal layers (T1) only. -- 3. Alterations of the venous plexus depend on the extent of malignant infiltration in carcinoma of the urinary bladder. These can be recognized in stage II. -- 4. Pelvic phlebography may be helpful in differentiation of carcinomas and adenomas of the prostate.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

A mathematical model for the proliferation of bacteria in the urinary bladder due to enlarged prostate.

Urinary retention due to enlargement of the prostate (prostate hypertrophy) leads to increased proliferation of bacteria in the bladder. This in turn increases the infection rate. The reason is that the enlarged prostate presses on the urine channel and tends to close it. Thus the out flux of the bladder consists of repeatedly small amounts of fluid during a day. A mathematical dynamic model with differential equations is developed for the proliferation of bacteria in the urinary bladder (vesica urinary). The model accounts for how this proliferation is associated with varying amounts of mass of urine within the bladder. Parameters are estimated from published data and analytical and numerical results are presented. The relationships between the proliferation of bacteria within the bladder and the type of urinal out flux from the bladder are examined. The proliferation is shown to depend on the amount of mass of urine and the out flux of urine from the bladder. In the normal situation the bladder is drained successfully which also drains the bacteria. In the abnormal situation the bladder drains only partly. Despite frequent urination, substantial urine mass in the bladder on the average allows bacteria to proliferate and increase in number through time. The simulations depend on the numerical values of the parameters which again depend on the prostate condition of each male adult under scrutiny. By determining the parameters for each male, the dynamic model can be used as a powerful tool by which the proliferation of bacteria in the bladder can be studied and controlled by different means. Three clinical advices are provided. First, try to achieve that the proliferation rate of bacteria in the bladder is as small as possible, e.g. through altering the pH or chemical composition within the bladder. Second, try to achieve that the out flux of urine from the bladder is substantial, through sufficient drinking. Third, try to achieve that the mass of urine in the bladder is as small as possible, through sufficient urination. The intrinsic parameters for each male can be used to pinpoint the actual out flux during a day necessary to keep the number of bacteria in the bladder low. Suggestions for how to test the model are briefly presented.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1999

[A case of pelvic aggressive angiomyxoma involving urinary bladder].

A 23-year-old man visited hospital with the complaints of hematuria and miction pain. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis showed a large pelvic tumor contiguous to the urinary bladder. Resection of the tumor with partial cystectomy was performed on February, 1998. Histopathological examination showed that the tumor composed of angiomyxoma infiltrating into the urinary bladder. The patient is alive without recurrence of aggressive angiomyxoma 12 months after surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the Japanese literature of aggressive angiomyxoma involving the urinary bladder. Awareness of this uncommon neoplasma is important in the diagnosis of pelvic tumor to prevent an extensive surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactivity in the human urinary bladder.

The localization of low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR) in the human urinary bladder was examined immunohistochemically using the mouse monoclonal antibody (ME20-4) against human LNGFR. LNGFR immunoreactivity was present in the human urinary bladder. The distribution of LNGFR-positive fibers was more abundant in the mucosa than in the muscle layer. Results also showed that some LNGFR-positive fiber bundles contained tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity. Electron microscopic examination revealed that LNGFR immunoreactivity was located on the surface of Schwann cells, and frequently on the interface of axons and Schwann cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Organization of care for patients with urinary bladder cancer in the Russian Federation and approaches to its improvement based on standardization of a diagnostic and therapeutic process].

Present-day medical facilities for treating patients with cancer of the urinary bladder in the Russian Federation (RF) are insufficient. In 1998, urological cancer in RF was managed only in 31 specialized departments working in 24 of 89 (27%) administrative units of the RF. In the other 65 (73%) units only urologists deal with diagnosis and treatment of urinary bladder cancer. These nonspecialized departments lack special equipment and personnel. Therefore, effective management and organization of medical care for urinary bladder cancer can be achieved on the basis of standardization of diagnostic and therapeutic methods and definition of stages in treatment policy. This helps to outline priorities in financing health services.

Equipment and Supplies↗
PubMed1998

Effect of ischemia-reperfusion on contractile function of rat urinary bladder: possible role of nitric oxide.

Because there are increasing evidences that nitric oxide (NO) plays important roles in ischemia-reperfusion injury in several systems, we investigated the role of NO in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rat urinary bladder. Rat abdominal aorta was clamped with a small clip to induce ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat bladder dome. In functional studies, contractile responses to carbachol were cumulatively measured after the urinary bladder was treated with various duration (0, 30, 60, and 90 min) of ischemia. The injury of rat bladder functioning was dependent on ischemic periods. Significant decreases in the Emax (maximum contractile response) values were observed in the bladder subjected to 60 or 90 min ischemia. Furthermore, the subsequent 30 min reperfusion caused additional damages of the contractile response in bladder muscles. To investigate the role of NO in the ischemia (30 min)-reperfusion (30 min) injury, NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before the ischemia. Treatment of L-NAME (30 and 100 mg/kg) partly but significantly prevented the reduction contractile responses to carbachol of the rat bladder dome. In histological studies, the ischemia-reperfusion caused infiltration of leukocytes and rupture of microcirculation in the regions of submucosa and smooth muscle without a corresponding sloughing of mucosal cells. The histological damages were also prevented by treatment with L-NAME. Therefore, these data suggested that ischemia-reperfusion of the urinary bladder may result in dysfunction of the contractile response to autonomic nervous system and that nitric oxide may act as a cell/tissue damaging agent in ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A pharmacological study of alpha adrenergic receptor subtypes in smooth muscle of human urinary bladder base and prostatic urethra.

Postsynaptic alpha adrenergic receptor subtypes mediating contraction of human urinary bladder base and prostatic urethra were investigated in vitro. Alpha adrenergic receptor agonists, noradrenaline and phenylephrine, induced contraction dose-dependently in these tissues. Alpha adrenergic receptor antagonists, prazosin and yohimbine, competitively antagonized the contraction induced by these agonists in the bladder base as well as prostatic urethra. The mean pA2 values for the antagonists in the bladder base and prostatic urethra were as follows: 8.89 and 8.96 for prazosin and 6.30 and 6.45 for yohimbine, respectively. Comparison of pA2 values of prazosin and yohimbine in both the tissues with those values found in the literature for these compounds in a variety of tissues containing alpha-1 or alpha-2 adrenergic receptor indicates that the postsynaptic alpha adrenergic receptor subtype in the human urinary bladder base and prostatic urethra is the alpha-1 type, not the alpha-2 type.

Aged↗