Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “multimodality”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,459 records · Page 81Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Detection of orientationally multimodal textures.

Oriented textures were produced with the use of probability density functions modulated sinusoidally over orientation. Orientational contrast sensitivity functions (OCSFs) for a task involving the discrimination of these patterns from orientationally-random textures were found for several human observers. An inverse Fourier transform of this OCSF yielded a weighting function, or filter, defined over orientation. The weighting function is broad, with a half-height full-width of 34 deg. This orientational filter was able to predict human performance in further discrimination tasks employing a variety of probability density functions over orientation.

Contrast Sensitivity↗
PubMed1981

Late results of multimodality therapy of high-grade supratentorial astrocytomas.

Fifty-one patients with histologically proved astrocytomas grades III and IV treated with postoperative irradiation and chemotherapy were evaluated with serial computerized tomographic (CT) scans and with special regard to their functional state 30 months after operation. Fourteen patients (27.4%) are still alive, but only 7 of them have a good performance status. The impaired functional state of 6 (11.7%) of the other 7 patients was caused by a secondary progressive dementia with radiological signs of diffuse cerebral atrophy and leukoencephalopathy, but no signs of recurrent tumors. The best explanation for this is a synergistic toxic action of whole brain irradiation and chemotherapy. Measuring survival time for evaluation of brain tumor therapy is of limited value without examination of the performance status and sequential CT scans.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Surgical intervention following multimodality therapy for advanced cervical cancer.

From 1978 through 1986, 183 women with cervical carcinomas underwent pretreatment extraperitoneal surgical staging followed by definitive radiation therapy. Overall 10-year actuarial relapse-free and survival rates were both 64%. There were a 20.2% overall incidence and 31.6% actuarial incidence of patients with subsequent abdominal surgery. Of the 47 total surgical procedures, most frequent were 15 repairs of radiation-related bowel injury (11 patients), 11 colostomies for tumor-related obstruction or fistula and 10 explorations for possible exenteration. Only one exenteration could be performed. Other operations consisted of 5 hysterectomies, 3 negative explorations for suspected recurrence, 1 cholecystectomy, 1 small bowel obstruction following surgical staging, and 1 sigmoid resection for colon cancer. Seven patients had multiple operations. Logistic analysis revealed cervix size, pelvic node status, periaortic lymph node status, and thin physique to be significant predictors of overall recurrence, while cervix size was the only significant predictor of exploration for exenteration. Tumor-related colostomies and radiation complications tended to occur in lower and higher clinical stages, respectively. There was a trend toward greater survival in patients with surgery for radiation complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Should whole pelvic radiation therapy become past history? A case for the routine use of extended field therapy and multimodality therapy.

Total pelvis radiation therapy as refined over the past 40 years has impacted positively on gynecologic cancer management. Improved overall results on a worldwide basis reflect a broader application of contemporary radiation treatment plans. Individual clinical stages of disease and subsets have not seen improvement in several decades. Currently available techniques for the safe application of extended field radiation therapy strongly support its routine use. Concomitant continuous infusion chemotherapy (CCIC) with radiation therapy (RT) should be strongly considered. Primary radical surgery is employed in our hands prior to extended RT and CCIC for most Stage I and II cases.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1991

Aggressive multimodality treatment for cervical cancer with paraaortic lymph node metastases.

A Phase I/II trial of weekly cisplatin and extended field radiation therapy for cervical carcinoma and paraaortic metastases was initiated. A total of 13 patients have entered this trial since 1985. The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy and toxicity of extended field radiation therapy and cisplatin as a radiation sensitizer in this high-risk group of patients. The addition of paraaortic nodal radiation was derived from our earlier trial using cisplatin and pelvic radiation therapy followed by combination chemotherapy (cisplatin, adriamycin and cytoxan). Of the 13 patients entered, 8 are alive without evidence of disease and 5 have recurred, all exclusively outside the treatment fields. Three of the five had positive scalene node biopsies prior to the initiation of therapy. Four patients have died from distant metastases, one is alive with lung and bone metastases, and there have been no recurrences in the pelvis or paraaortic treated areas. The encouraging results of complete local and pelvic control of tumor and acceptable toxicity warrants continuation of this trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Multimodal effects of acute exposure to toluene evidenced by sensory-evoked potentials from Fischer-344 rats.

Male Fischer-344 rats were exposed by inhalation to 500, 2000, 5000, 8000 and 16000 ppm toluene for 30 min in two experiments. Exposures up to 8000 ppm in Experiment 1 caused concentration-related changes in the click-elicited brainstem auditory-evoked response (CBAER), flash-evoked potential (FEP) and somatosensory-evoked potential (SEP). Latencies of CBAER components were prolonged and amplitudes of late components were increased by toluene. Toluene did not detectably alter the latencies of FEP or SEP components. Early FEP component-amplitudes were increased and late component-amplitudes were decreased; toluene also induced a poststimulus oscillation in the FEP. Most component-amplitudes of the SEP were substantially increased, but N2P2 amplitude appeared to be more sensitive than other components to depressant effects of the solvent. The same effects on the CBAER were observed in Experiment 2, but a more substantial increase in the amplitudes of late components elicited by tone pips suggested that frequency-dependent cochlear irritation might underlie previously observed subchronic ototoxicity. These effects were increased by exposure to 16000 ppm toluene. Effects like those observed in Experiment 1 were noted on the FEP, but the oscillations were less with exposure to 16000 than 8000 ppm. Changes in the SEP were evident within 2 minutes of exposure onset, and amplitudes increased over the course of about 15 min, leveling off or decreasing thereafter. The amplitude of the N2P2 component was again less influenced than other components during exposure to 8000 ppm and was reduced to less than baseline amplitude by 16000 ppm. Effects of concentration and rates of development and recovery were systematically related to SEP component latency. Toluene appears to have both enhancing and inhibiting effects on neural pathways serving sensory systems, depending on the modality and the site of generation of the components within modalities. A particular balance between these properties might relate to the hedonic characteristics of this abused solvent.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1979

Early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis by combined multimodal evoked potentials: results and practical considerations.

It is shown that using four combined types of evoked potentials one can disclose new localisations in 62.5% of as yet undiagnosed M.S. patients. Brainstem auditory EP recordings must be considered in detail to avoid missing slight anomalies. Blink reflexes yielding bilateral R1 seem to bear the same significance as an augmented latency with respect to the problem of disclosing new localisations.

Brachial Plexus↗
PubMed1989

Effect of acute respiratory acidosis on multimodality sensory evoked potentials of Long-Evans rats.

Auditory, visual and somatosensory evoked potentials (EPs), recorded epidurally from 31 chronically implanted male Long-Evans rats, were studied to examine the pattern of sensory effects caused by hypercapnia. Recordings were obtained before exposures, 10-20 min after the beginning of exposure to CO2 in synthetic air, and 30 min after the end of exposure. Previous recordings revealed no substantial effects of the extended recording period itself. Blood pH during an average exposure of 18.8% CO2 was about 7.1. During this level of CO2 exposure the somatosensory response was almost completely abolished, but the latencies of early detectable components were not affected. In contrast, the latencies of all brainstem auditory evoked response components and the 1-5 interwave time increased, whereas amplitudes were only slightly affected. Amplitudes and latencies of early and late components of the flash EP were decreased and lengthened, but the after-discharge components appeared to be most sensitive to CO2. Concentration-response relationships were examined by exposure of rats to 8 and 16% CO2. The most sensitive EP parameter was average amplitude of the late somatosensory EP components. These results suggest that EPs might be useful for assessing acute metabolic disturbances as well as more commonly assessed neurologic disorders.

Acidosis, Respiratory↗
PubMed1980

Localization of cellular changes within multimodal sensory regions in aged monkey brain: possible implications for age-related cognitive loss.

Young (4 to 7 years) and aged (18 to 28 years) rhesus monkeys were sacrificed and various neuromorphometric analyses performed to determine age differences in gross topography, cell population and patterns of cellular degeneration. Two brain regions implicated for their role in age-related cognitive disturbances, the hippocampus and the gyri bordering the principal sulcus in the frontal cortex were selected for these comparisons. Reliable morphometric differences between age groups were observed in both neural areas. One significant difference observed in the hippocampus was a reduced mean depth of the pyramidal layer of the CA-1 zone in the aged monkeys. Also, the mean number of neurons per transverse section in the CA-1 zone of the pyramidal layer was significantly less in the aged monkeys, and in certain instances cell gaps were observed in this region. In the lateral principal gyrus of the frontal cortex, the number of neurons in full-depth "cores" was lower in the old monkeys, glial count was higher and the ratio of neurons to neuroglia, therefore, lower in the older monkeys. Further, the mean area of the principal gyri, measured planimetrically from the apex of the medial gyrus to that of the lateral gyrus was significantly smaller in the aged monkeys. These findings indicate that significant age-dependent cellular differences occur in brain areas thought to be functionally involved in the particular cognitive behaviors most severely impaired in aged monkeys. These differences in brain morphology may, therefore, help provide some leads into the types of neurological changes contributing to the severe cognitive disorders suffered by the elderly.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Multimodality treatment of malignant germ cell tumours of the mediastinum.

Of 15 patients with malignant germ cell tumours of the mediastinum, 9 patients had pure seminomas and 6 had non-seminomas. Resection was radical in only 4 non-seminomas, 1 of which was resected after chemotherapy; radiotherapy was delivered to all seminoma patients as sole therapy (2 patients) or as part of combined modality therapy. All patients with non-seminomatous tumours underwent chemotherapy (cisplatin-based combination). Therapy was generally well tolerated, but 1 seminoma patient died of sepsis. Chemotherapy achieved a 71% complete response rate in pure seminoma patients and a 33% complete response rate in non-seminoma patients. 53% of patients are alive and free of disease beyond 36 months from start of any treatment. Pure seminoma patients survived longer than non-seminoma patients (3 and 5 year survivals were 67% and 33%, respectively). Although cisplatin-based chemotherapy is highly effective in pure seminomas and also in non-seminomas, a better therapeutic approach is needed in non-seminomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A one year follow-up of the multimodal treatment for chronic pain.

Twenty-three outpatients with chronic pain began a 3-part treatment package designed to provide symptom control, stimulus control and social system modification. Fourteen patients completed the full course of therapy. The remaining 9 patients were designated as partial completers. A mean of 22.9 weekly hour long therapy sessions resulted in statistically significant decreases in pain, depression, anxiety and medication intake. These improvements were maintained at 1 year follow-up. This study is consistent with the notion that chronic pain is maintained by a combination of inter- and intrapersonal factors. A controlled comparison of this treatment program with other treatments for chronic pain is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Toxicity of aggressive multimodality therapy including cisplatinum, bleomycin and methotrexate with radiation and/or surgery for advanced head and neck cancer.

A combined modality regimen employing induction chemotherapy with cisplatinum, bleomycin and methotrexate followed by surgery and/or radiation therapy was initiated in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. In the first 23 patients treated with this program there was a 90% response rate to induction chemotherapy (9% CR and 81% PR). Toxicity associated with radiotherapy, but not surgery, was increased with 11 of 23 patients (48%) who experienced some toxicity during or immediately after radiotherapy. Mucositis was worse than expected and severe delayed mucositis was seen in 2 patients, one or whom required hospitalization. Late complications, possibly related to therapy included one myocardial infarction and one episode of hypoglycemia, both of which were fatal. One other patient voluntarily failed to take prescribed oral leucovorin, dying of unrescued methotrexate toxicity during adjuvant therapy, a questionable suicide. Further follow-up and analysis of failure will be necessary to determine if the value of a combined modality regimen in producing an increased cure rate and long term survival will out weight increased toxicity.

Adolescent↗