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At least 1,459 records · Page 81Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

alpha-1-Antitrypsin (Pi) polymorphism in Serbia: deviation of Pi M subtype distribution from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

The distribution of the alpha 1-antitrypsin (Pi) phenotypes and subtypes was investigated in a population sample of 1060 unrelated individuals from Serbia (Yugoslavia). The allele frequencies estimates were: Pi*M1: 0.702; Pi*M2: 0.183; Pi*M3: 0.088; Pi*Z: 0.013, Pi*S: 0.007; Pi*P: 0.004; Pi*F: 0.003. The observed phenotype frequencies differed very significantly from those expected assuming H.W. equilibrium (chi 2 = 49.51, p < 0.0005). The deviation from equilibrium involved the three Pi*M subtypes: an excess of Pi*M1, Pi*M2 and Pi*M3 homozygotes was found, with the corresponding decreased number of M1M2 and M1M3 heterozygotes. The possible significance of this finding is discussed.

Alleles↗
PubMed1995

An epidemiological investigation of the first outbreak of rhinosporidiosis in Europe.

Until January 1992 rhinosporidiosis was unknown in the Balkans. The outbreak which took place at that time in northern Serbia (Yugoslavia) affected 17 people over a period of less than two years. The number of patients in this epidemic exceeded the total number of autochthonous cases of rhinosporidiosis ever recorded in Europe. The male-to-female ratio was 10:7 and, except for a middle-aged man, all patients were in the age range 6-16 years. Preponderance of ocular (12) over nasal (5) localization of the disease in this epidemic indicates that the real number of cases may be much higher. The only experience all patients had in common was that they spent their holiday preceding the onset of symptoms bathing in the same accumulation of stagnant water (the Silver Lake). A case-control study showed that the odds of being exposed to that particular environment by chance were extremely remote.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Experience of the surgical service and surgeons at the 1st Surgical Clinical Center in Belgrade in the primary care of abdominal war injuries 1991-1992].

During the recent (1991/92) war on the territory of the former Yugoslavia, 12 of our surgeons participated in the treating of war abdominal injuries, on 8 localities with the various characteristics of combat. Treating all injuries, with adequate evidence and documentation, the general experience of all participants of our team was that abdominal injuries range from 0-12% depending on the the intensity of combat, with the mean percentage of 5.43% while combined injuries approximate 50% with the most common injuries of extremities (24%). The number of laparotomies was 65. The most common cause of abdominal injuries were bullets (75%) except in the localities with heavy combat where the explosive and bullet woundings were equally observed. The blast injuries were recorded in 3%. The most common injured organs were large (29.5%), small intestine (23.46%) liver, stomach and spleen subsequently. The severity of injury and mortality depends mostly of the number of injured organs, and multiorgan lesions were systematically observed (1.89 of injured organs SD 0.96). The total hospital mortality was 6.15% (4 cases: 2 "in tabula" and 2 later) due to multiorgan injuries with severe shock and bleeding. To achieve better results, early transportation to a place where operation could be made is necessary, with the effective first aid and good organisation of the initial management and triage. The diagnosis must be fast and effective, decision quick and the operation must deal with all the injuries primary, by the most safe surgical procedure, with the exposition of external wound.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1994

New serovars of Plesiomonas shigelloides 1992.

Fourteen new O (O77-O9O) and 4 new H (H42-H45) antigens were described. Seven O and 2 new H antigens were revealed among strains not agglutinating with antisera against 76 O and 41 H officially recognized serovars. The most frequent was serovar O80:H38 which was isolated in 5 countries (Sweden, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Canada) from human material and from sewage and surface water.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1993

[Computer databases and scientific and research information systems].

Medical informatics, especially computer data bases for collecting, processing and searching of scientific and research informations and publications is important for medical science and for the medical practice. Medical scientific informatics has developed as a special part of medical informatics. It is very important for medical education, medical research and publishing in biomedical disciplines. This paper presents the main characteristics of scientific and research information, their resources, searching of medical literature from biomedical journals. A historical survey of the foundation of the System for Biomedical Scientific Information in ex Yugoslavia (SBMNI) has been presented, with its conceptual basis, the current organization, the achieved results and experiences obtained.

Information Systems↗
PubMed1976

Ecological features of the tularemia natural focus in central Posavina (Croatia).

A five-year ecological study of the largest tularemia natural focus in Croatia (Yugoslavia) has revealed that the focus is of a meadow-field type and that the common vole is the crucial member of the local tularemia pathobiocenosis. The occurrence of epizootics and of concomitant epidemics is associated with the bionomy of the latter which, in its turn, is strongly influenced by environmental factors. It was possible therefore to link tularemia outbreaks with special meteorological and hydrological conditions, i.e. with warm and dry spring-summer seasons and the Sava river floods. The proper understanding of the underlying ecological laws furnishes a sound basis for the forecasts of future epidemiological events.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Epidemiologic characteristics of mortality in the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck in Serbia].

The study has been based on official records of the Yugoslav Federal Bureau for Statistics on the mortality rate of brain, larynx, tongue and pituitary gland tumors, which represent most frequently recorded head and neck neoplasma in Yugoslavia between 1974 and 1988. In that period the standardized mortality rates were as follows: brain neoplasms 3.11%, laryngeal neoplasm 2.86%, tongue neoplasms 0.72% and pituitary gland neoplasms 0.55%. In all investigated types of neoplasms the mortality rate tended to increase, indicating that the epidemiologic course of these diseases in Serbia is unfavorable. Risk of death regarding sex shows differences among specific localizations. Males are at higher risk when brain, laryngeal and tongue neoplasms are concerned, while the mortality rate among females is higher in pituitary gland neoplasm group. According to age of patients the mortality rate is low in patients up to 44 years; as the age increases the mortality rate increases rapidly too, whatever localization of head and neck neoplasms in concerned.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[The effect of vaccination status on the clinical form and outcome of the disease in smallpox patients (author's transl)].

During the smallpox epidemic in Yugoslavia in 1972, which involved 175 persons altogether, with 35 (=20 per cent) fatal cases, a number of very important aspects emerged, especially at Kosowo (124 cases0: smallpox vaccination gives almost complete protection for 5 years and a relative immunity for about 10 years. Vaccinations carried out on the first 2 days after contact with smallpox patients provide a convincing protection, reduce mortality and result in the appearance of a particular form of smallpox. The highest mortality (52.1 per cent) was seen in persons who had never been vaccinated, with the appearance of the "flat type" (47.8 per cent). Hemorrhagic smallpox was seen in 8 out of 9 persons who were vaccinated too late after contact and had an immunological deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Changes in diet and mortality from selected cancers in southern Mediterranean countries, 1960-1989.

Mortality trends of breast, colorectal, ovarian and prostate cancer in Spain, Italy, Greece, Yugoslavia, and England and Wales are presented. Figures are discussed with regard to patterns of consumption of fat-containing foods in these countries. An increase of all cancer site mortality is shown in southern European countries, whereas in England and Wales a decrease in ovarian and colorectal cancer among women is observed. Consumption of milk, meat and animal fat products increased in all Mediterranean countries but decreased in England and Wales. Some differences regarding cancer mortality and food consumption patterns among southern European countries are pointed out. This markedly divergent fat consumption pattern between northern and southern Europe appears to antedate and be associated with their substantial differences in ovarian and colorectal cancer mortality trends, and to a lesser extent with breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Fish consumption, omega-3 fatty acids and the Mediterranean diet.

Many epidemiological, interventional and animal studies have concluded that consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine origin may confer special benefits in reducing cardiovascular heart disease (CHD) mortality rates by different physiological mechanisms. The available epidemiological data, although limited, suggest that a dietetic recommendation on the consumption of one or two servings per week (200-300 g = 2-4 g eicosapentaenoic acid) of cold water marine fish could lead to a reduction of the CHD risk. Nevertheless, there are important methodological shortcomings and contradictory findings in most published investigations on the omega-3 fatty acids. In order to assess the role of fish consumption in the Mediterranean diet, we have compared data on average fish and fatty fish consumption trends in some Mediterranean (Spain, Yugoslavia and Italy) and northern European (Norway, Denmark) countries. Fish consumption is not positively correlated with ischaemic heart disease mortality. That suggests that dietary factors other than fish, such as the lower meat consumption associated to the higher fish intake, or other differences of lifestyle have perhaps intervened, helping to explain the healthy nature of the Mediterranean diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Marburg virus.

Marburg virus disease, which produced 20 per cent mortality when it first occured during 1967 in Germany and Yugoslavia, recently appeared again in South Africa. The source of the first outbreak was monkeys shipped from Africa; the origin of the second episode is unclear. Because distribution of the virus in nature is unknown, its threat to man cannot be readily determined. Differential laboratory diagnoses of hemorrhagic fevers should be encouraged in order to learn more about the epidemiology of these diseases and to better assess the risks which their etiologic agents may pose for attending medical personnel.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Clinical pharmacology in Eastern European countries.

The current status of clinical pharmacology (CP) in the countries of the former Eastern block is presented. The difficulties in obtaining an accurate comparative view are pointed out. CP is unevenly developed in Eastern European countries and the number of hours devoted to basic/clinical pharmacology differs considerably 100/nil to 240/50. The same is true for the orientation of clinical pharmacology, where present. It is mainly basic in only a few countries (Rumania, Turkey, some parts of the former Yugoslavia) and mainly clinical in Czecho-Slovakia, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Greece. The number of CP units and CP specialists varies greatly as well (from none to more than 10 per country). The awareness that CP, in many countries is still young and the branch of (clinical) medicine is of great importance, not only for rational pharmacotherapy but also for other services as well, education and research is growing. In spite of the fact that the present status of CP in Eastern European countries is generally unsatisfactory, there are realistic chances that in the (near?) future, CP will develop to match the activities now present in the more developed countries.

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗
PubMed1978

beta2-Microglobulin in Balkan endemic nephropathy.

The results of low molecular weight (LMW) proteinuria test in urines of patients and suspect subjects in an endemic area of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) in Yugoslavia are reported. An accordance between the positive LMW test and the clinical diagnosis of BEN has been found in more than 70%. The authors claim that LMW immunodiffusion test is a very useful procedure for detecting BEN and a great aid in the epidemiological work in the endemic field. The results of determining beta2-microglobuline (beta2m) in serums and urines by radioimmunoassay technique as well as counting of clearances of endogenous creatinine in healthy persons, "endangered" subjects in endemic area, and BEN patients without azotemia, with azotemia and uremia are reported. The group of 17 patients suffering of BEN without azotemia having slightly or more markedly lowered creatinine clearances showed higher serum and much higher urinary concentration of beta2m which are not in proportion with creatinine clearance. The results are interpreted so far as a consequence of the predominant tubular lesion in BEN. In groups of patients with azotemia and uremia no differences in beta2m handling have been found. The report has a preliminary character and requires further study.

Beta-Globulins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychotraumatic reactions in participants and non-participants in warfare--members of a special unit].

The investigation was performed on a sample of members of a special parachute unit, aged 25-30 years. During combat activities in the territory of former Yugoslavia, in the period of 1991-92, they were exposed to intensive stress and psychotraumatic events which could have detrimental influence on personality and psychological functions, most frequently causing posttraumatic stress disorder. The results of investigation showed that in spite of numerous traumatic experiences, psychological stability and professional efficiency could be maintained in specially selected individuals with appropriate personality structure, who were particularly motivated and included in so-called elite units, which show high degree of group cohesion and mutual support. This investigation used for the first time the methodology, most frequently recommended in literature as standard for follow up and early diagnosis of psychological disorders caused by traumatic stress in war or everyday life. Practical value of the used methodology, which included the list of stress-inducing events, the scale of influence of stress-events and the interview for posttraumatic stress disorder, was confirmed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The usefulness of computer-controlled potentiometric stripping analysis for environmental water analysis in a combat-zone hospital.

Chemical water-quality determination is an essential element of deployed public health programs. Our experience in the former Republic of Yugoslavia included the use of a rather unique piece of equipment known as Tracelab (Radiometer Corporation, Copenhagen, Denmark). During the 6-month deployment, we were able to analyze on-site piped and bottled drinking water available in the host country, particularly focusing on its lead (Pb) content. Bottled water averaged 7 parts per billion Pb, whereas camp supply water was about 35 parts per billion Pb. Although no particular health-related problems occurred, we were able to provide important reassurances through on-site testing.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health problems of refugees.

BACKGROUND: The United States has recently seen an increase in the number of refugees and a change in the ethnicity of these refugees. It would be helpful for family physicians providing medical care to these patients to have available health data on the largest groups of new refugees. METHODS: Using the key words "refugee," "Vietnam," "Laos," "former Yugoslavia" (Bosnia-Herzegovina), "former Soviet Union," "Iraq," "Afghanistan," "Somalia," "Sudan," "Ethiopia," "Haiti," and "Cuba," the MEDLINE files were searched from 1991 to the present. Cross-references from these articles were also reviewed, including pertinent information published from 1981-91. Studies and experimental trials were discussed if they had information on conditions of refugees after arrival or on diseases currently reported from the countries of origin. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: With the exception of studies of Southeast Asian refugees, there are few clinical trials on the health problems of refugees after arrival in the United States. Tuberculosis, nutritional deficiencies, intestinal parasites, chronic hepatitis B infection, lack of immunization, and depression are major problems in many groups. There is great variation in the health and psychosocial issues, as well as cultural beliefs, among the refugees. In addition to a complete history and physical examination, tests for tuberculosis, hepatitis B surface antigen, and ova and parasites, as well as a hemoglobin measurement, are advised for most groups. Ongoing clinical trials are needed to explore more fully not only the medical and psychological problems of these patients but also their health beliefs.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Imported parasites in dogs: Dirofilaria repens and Dipetalonema reconditum].

Between June 1993 and May 1996 infections with filariae were diagnosed in 80 dogs. Five animals were infected with Dirofilaria repens and three other dogs with Dipetalonema reconditum. One of the D. reconditum positive dogs was also infected with Dirofilaria immitis. An epidemiological analysis of the cases was possible for three D. repens and two D. reconditum infected dogs. Two of the dogs with D. repens infections had been imported from Italy or Greece, the third dog had been taken by its owner to Hungary and former Yugoslavia. The dogs infected with D. reconditum were imported from Corse or Spain. Regarding the other 72 dogs with filariae, 45 animals were infected with D. immitis. For 27 dogs being negative in the D. immitis ELISA, microfilariae have been demonstrated. However, a histochemical species differentiation of the microfilariae was not possible because fresh blood smears were not available.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Particle agglutination test "Serodia HIV-1/2" as a novel anti-HIV-1/2 screening test: comparative study on 3311 serum samples.

Enzyme immunoassays are most widely used screening tests for antibodies to human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). Nevertheless, the need of simpler, noninstrumented tests is evident in many parts of the world, where laboratory facilities and trained personnel are limited, and HIV incidence is high. A recently developed variant of gelatin-particle agglutination tests, Serodia HIV-1/2 (Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan), is one of such simple and noninstrumented tests. To evaluate its utility, 3311 serum samples (281 anti-HIV-1 positive, 8 anti-HIV-2 positive and 3022 anti-HIV-1/2 negative) obtained from 2632 individuals from Slovenia, other parts of former Yugoslavia and Senegal were investigated. No false-negative results and only one false-positive result were obtained during the procedures, giving overall sensitivity and specificity of the particle agglutination test of 100% and 99.97%, respectively. We have concluded that Serodia HIV-1/2 test is highly specific and sensitive for detection of anti-HIV-1/2 antibodies, suitable for small blood banks and for epidemiological surveys.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗