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Results for “Verbal Behavior”

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PubMed2004

Behavioral orientations and peer-contact patterns of relationally aggressive girls.

The present study was designed to assess the behavioral orientations and peer-contact patterns of relationally aggressive girls. Based on teachers' assessments of relational aggression, 16 preschool girls were assigned to either a relationally aggressive group or a nonaggressive group and then observed in a free play setting. Several aspects of their interactive behaviors, e.g., cooperative play and social conversation, and noninteractive behaviors, e.g., solitary play and transition, were observed. Analysis indicated the relationally aggressive group spent more time engaged in social conversation and transition and less time in cooperative play than did the nonaggressive group. Further, findings indicated that the relationally aggressive group spent more time with one particular peer than did the nonaggressive group.

Aggression↗
PubMed1978

Cigarette smoking in social interaction.

Studied behavior patterns by smokers and others in social interaction correlated with various behaviors comprising cigarette smoking. Field observation methods were used in observing 91 smokers in 117 social interaction settings. Settings were chosen to vary in degree of intimacy between participants in social interaction, and in degree of physical activity. Reliability of observations was established using independent field observers and raters of a videotape of one interaction. Findings generally were that smoking behaviors occur at points in the interaction when the smoker is relatively uninvolved and passive in the context of the social interaction. It is speculated that smoking is a form of self-involvement which is incompatible, on a momentary basis, with active social involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

'Talk to me' patient communication in a long-term care facility.

1. Staff are important facilitators for communication among elderly patients, who often are alone and bored for long periods. 2. Staff serve as an essential link between the patients and the outside world, and serve as a conduit for initiating contact between residents. 3. Environment--including the selection of roommates, the proximity of residents, and the volume of radios and televisions--may greatly alter residents' ability to communicate.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Psycholinguistic aspects of fragile X chromosome syndrome].

Fragile X syndrome is the first cause of hereditary mental retardation. Numerous studies have approached the physical and behavioural phenotypes. This paper will review the main characteristics of speech and language in children with fragile X syndrome. Boys show a late language acquisition, differing comprehension and expression levels, good semantic and syntax acquisition, and speech problems: perseverance, unequal rythm and pragmatic difficulties: respect for conversation turns, speech maintenance, active avoidance of visual contact. A lesser degree of speech problems is described for FXS girls and the influence of social anxiety and hypersensitivity to social and sensorial stimuli on language production is discussed.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Aspects of social and emotional competence in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Social and emotional competence were evaluated using self-report and behavioral measures in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and controls. Adults with ADHD viewed themselves as less socially competent but more sensitive toward violations of social norms than controls. Films depicting emotional interactions were used to assess linguistic properties of free recall and perceived emotional intensity. Although adults with ADHD used more words to describe the scenes, they used fewer emotion-related words, despite rating the emotions depicted as more intense than did controls. In contrast, no group differences for words depicting social or cognitive processes were observed. Overall, adults with ADHD appear more aware of their problems in social versus emotional skills. Findings may have implications for improving the psychosocial functioning of these adults.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Anger: the mismanaged emotion.

Mismanaged anger is a significant problem in health care settings. Research-based information is presented on the angry emotionality that nurses frequently encounter. Gender differences in anger are examined. Strategies are presented for dealing with angry patients, physicians, and colleagues.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pragmatic abilities in the discourse of children with and without specific language impairment].

BACKGROUND: to investigate the pragmatic difficulties presented by children with specific language impairment and to verify how these deficits influence their discourse performance. AIM: to analyze the request-response sequences in the discourse of normal and Specific Language Impairment Children (SLI) during a 20-minute free-play situation with an adult. METHOD: subjects of this study were 29 children, male and female, with ages ranging from 2:0 to 4:11 years. Data was collected during a free-play situation with an adult. RESULTS: SLI children frequently ignored the questions made by the adult and responded innappropriately more often. CONCLUSION: qualitative and quantitative differences in the pattern of responses and in the use of pragmatic abilities were found for the SLI children.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2000

Stopping the word war.

Find out what's behind interdisciplinary anger and how to teach nurses to break this vicious cycle.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Ictal kissing and religious speech in a patient with right temporal lobe epilepsy.

We report the case of a 25-year-old female patient with intractable complex partial seizures characterized by repetition of certain religious statements and a rather compulsive kissing behavior. Presurgical evaluation revealed a right-sided, mesial temporal focus and hippocampal sclerosis on MRI. After selective amygdalohippocampectomy, she has only occasional auras. Her rare and peculiar ictal manifestations are discussed in the context of semiology and pathogenesis. [Published with videosequences].

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Influence and involvement in children's discourse: age, gender, and partner effects.

Children's discourse with peers was examined in relation to speaker gender, partner gender, and age level. 138 children were matched with either a same- or an other-gender peer at the early childhood and middle childhood age levels (median ages = 5 and 7 years) and asked to play with puppets for 10 min. Speech acts were coded as either collaborative (affiliative involvement and direct influence), controlling (distancing involvement and direct influence), obliging (affiliative involvement and nondirect influence), or withdrawing (distancing involvement and nondirect influence). Girls' and boys' communication patterns were more similar than different. However, gender-related differences with medium to large effect sizes were found. Gender-typed communications were more likely at the middle childhood than the early childhood age level and in same-gender than mixed-gender dyads. The findings are interpreted in terms of developmental and contextual accounts of gender and social behavior. Recommendations for future research are offered.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Disordered speech and language development as a pedagogic problem. Reaction of parents to child speech problems].

Since children live with their parents and meet other children, we looked into the possible effects of language disorders in children on their interactions with the social surroundings. Language disorders are woven into the fabric of communication between parents and child and are not attributes of the child alone. Language-disturbed children are not more difficult in their behavior than normal-speaking children at the same age. However, the parental emotions about the language problem lead to the perception of more difficult behavior. Parents of language-disturbed children try to stimulate the language development of their child. In this they get disappointed by the reactions of the child and become less stimulating. It seems as if in the interactions between parents and child, the child partly creates his own--negative--surroundings.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Intonation and communicative intent in mothers' speech to infants: is the melody the message?

This study explores the power of intonation to convey meaningful information about the communicative intent of the speaker in speech addressed to preverbal infants and in speech addressed to adults. Natural samples of infant- and adult-directed speech were recorded from 5 mothers of 12-month-old infants, in 5 standardized interactional contexts: Attention-bid, Approval, Prohibition, Comfort, and Game/Telephone. 25 infant-directed and 25 adult-directed vocalizations were electronically filtered to eliminate linguistic content. The content-filtered speech stimuli were presented to 80 adult subjects: 40 experienced parents and 40 students inexperienced with infants. The subjects' task was to identify the communicative intent of the speaker using only prosodic information, given a 5-alternative forced choice. Listeners were able to use intonation to identify the speaker's intent with significantly higher accuracy in infant-directed speech than in adult-directed speech. These findings suggest that the prosodic patterns of speech to infants are more informative than those of adult-adult speech, and may provide the infant with reliable cues to the communicative intent of the speaker. The interpretation of these results proposed here is that the relation of prosodic form to communicative function is made uniquely salient in the melodies of mothers' speech, and that these characteristic prosodic patterns are potentially meaningful to the preverbal infant.

Adult↗