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PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro cellular muscle calcium metabolism. Characterization of effects of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3.

Cultures of vitamin D-deficient chick soleus muscle and 12 day-old chick embryo myoblasts were used to characterize the effects of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 on muscle cell Ca metabolism. Physiological amounts of both sterols increased the rate and extent of 45Ca uptake by cultures. However, 1,25(OH)2D3 was significantly more effective than 25 OHD3. The greater potency of 1,25(OH)2D3 to increase Ca uptake could be shown after various treatment intervals of cultures and using a wide concentration range of both derivatives. Information about Ca pools affected by vitamin D3 metabolites was obtained through kinetic analysis of Ca efflux in cultured myoblasts. Cytoplasmic and mitochondria Ca pools were identified on the basis of their half-times of desaturation and by selective inhibition of plasma membrane and mitochondrial Ca transport with LaCl3 and Ruthenium Red, respectively. The data suggests that 1,25(OH)2D3 acts on muscle cellular Ca by increasing Ca efflux and influx through mitochondrial and plasma membranes whereas the predominant effect of 25 OHD3 is to increase Ca influx into mitochondria.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of 1 alpha(OH)-vitamin D3 and 24,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 on long bones of glucocorticoid-treated rats.

Glucocorticoids may induce osteopenia in experimental animals and in man. In order to study the possible effects of vitamin D metabolites in the prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia in rats, we administered 1 alpha(OH)-vitamin D3, 24,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 or a combination of both metabolites, by intragastric intubation, to rats treated daily by intramuscular injections of 10 mg/kg cortisone acetate. Treatment with the vitamin D metabolites started after 1 month of glucocorticoid therapy, at the time osteopenia was already present. Cortisone acetate decreased the gain weight, increased alkaline phosphatase (AP) and decreased Ca serum levels. It also decreased tibial wet and ash weight and tibial Ca content. Computerized histomorphometry of sections from the upper tibia showed decreased epiphyseal bone volume and increased bone marrow volume; decreased height of hypertrophic cartilage in the growth plate and decreased amount of persisting cartilage in the metaphyseal bone trabeculae were also observed. Administration of 24,25(OH)2D3 alone did not reduce these glucocorticoid-induced bone changes and sometimes even worsened them. 1 alpha(OH)D3 reversed many of the deleterious effects of cortisone acetate. It reduced serum AP levels, increased serum Ca levels, increased bone ash weight, epiphyseal and metaphyseal bone volume, with a concomitant reduction in epiphyseal and metaphyseal bone marrow volume. The best results were obtained by a combination of 1 alpha(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3. It is presumed that both metabolites are needed to reduce the impact of glucocorticoids on bone. 1 alpha(OH)2D3 acts on the gut, increasing Ca absorption (which was decreased by glucocorticoids), and 24,25(OH)2D3 directly acts on bone to enhance bone formation and mineralization.

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMed2004

[New aspects on vitamin D3 ointment; treatment of senile warts with topical application of active forms of vitamin D3].

Vitamin D(3) ointment is widely used for the therapy of inflammatory keratotic dermatoses such as psoriasis. Senile wart (seborrheic keratosis) is a benign tumor, which occurs mainly in the elderly. It has been treated with surgical procedures, freezing with liquid nitrogen, or laser therapy. We tried to treat senile wart with active forms of topical vitamin D(3) (tacalcitol, calcipotriol or maxacalcitol). These topical vitamin D(3) ointments were applied on senile warts once or twice a day. Out of 116 cases those were treated for more than three months, 35 cases (30.2%) showed excellent response that means more than 80% of decreasing of tumor volume, 54 cases (46.6%) showed moderate response that means 40 to 80% of decreasing, 27 cases (23.2%) showed no remarkable changes or decreasing less than 40%. The tumor disappeared without any inflammatory change such as erythema or swelling. Any of side effects were not observed on all patients whose senile warts were treated with topical vitamin D(3).

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and a mixture of vitamin B2 and C affects MMC efficiency in aerated media under irradiation.

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) acts as a strong radiation protecting agent in Escherichia coli bacteria (AB1157) in aerated media. This ability is reinforced by the addition of vitamin C. Under the influence of gamma-radiation, vitamin B2 completely suppresses the cytostatic activity of mitomycin C (MMC). In the presence of both vitamins, B2 and C, MMC is converted from an efficient cytostatic to a rather strong radiation protecting agent. This effect opens a new pathway for specific protection of normal mammalian cells (with a high O2-content) under treatment with ionizing radiation.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preservation of vitamin C in vitamin-enriched apple products].

The content of vitamin C (the total of ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids) in preserved apple products vitaminized with ascorbic acid was assayed once a month over a year. It was found that the products retained vitamin C sufficiently well, though the content of ascorbic acid decreased considerably, as the most amount of ascorbic acid was oxidized to form dehydroascorbic acid. The study conducted indicates the expediency of making vitaminized apple products.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1983

Nonaqueous reverse phase liquid chromatographic determination of vitamin D2 in multivitamin tablets, using vitamin D3 as internal standard.

The technique of nonaqueous reverse phase chromatography has been successfully applied to the separation of lipophilic vitamins D2 and D3. Separation is achieved with a Zorbax-ODS column and a mobile phase of 10% methanol in acetonitrile. A predetermined amount of vitamin D3 internal standard is added to a portion of a powered tablet sample, which is then extracted and partitioned with a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide, water, methanol, and hexane. A portion of the hexane extract is concentrated, and purified by passing it through a disposable silica cartridge to remove interfering materials. The method should also be applicable to formulations containing vitamin D3 where vitamin D2 can then be used as the internal standard. A system suitability test is included in the method.

Cholecalciferol↗
PubMed1998

Cancer cell necrosis by autoschizis: synergism of antitumor activity of vitamin C: vitamin K3 on human bladder carcinoma T24 cells.

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence light microscopy were employed to characterize the cytotoxic effects of vitamin C (VitC), vitamin K3 (VitK3) or a VitC:VK3 combination on a human bladder carcinoma cell line (T24) following 1-h and 2-h vitamin treatment. T24 cells exposed to VitC alone exhibited membranous damage (blebs and endoplasmic extrusions, elongated microvilli). VitK3-treated cells displayed greater membrane damage and enucleation than those treated with VitC as well as cytoplasmic defects characteristic of cytoskeletal damage. VitC:VitK3-treated cells showed exaggerated membrane damage and an enucleation process in which the perikarya separate from the main cytoplasmic cell body by self-excision. Self-excisions continued for perikarya which contained an intact nucleus surrounded by damaged organelles. After further excisions of cytoplasm, the nuclei exhibited nucleolar segregation and chromatin decondensation followed by nuclear karryorhexis and karyolysis. This process of cell death induced by oxidative stress was named autoschizis because it showed both apoptotic and necrotic morphologic characteristics.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Oxygen dependence of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase and vitamin K epoxidase.

A study of the oxygen requirements of the rat liver microsomal vitamin K-dependent carboxylase and vitamin K 2,3-epoxidase indicated that both enzymes had a Km for O2 in the range 60-80 microM. This value was not influenced by vitamin concentration, alterations in carboxylase substrate, Mn2+, or dithiothreitol, and is consistent with the hypothesis that both activities are catalyzed by the same enzyme.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Androgen binding protein levels and FSH binding to testicular membranes in vitamin A deficient rats and during subsequent replenishment with vitamin A.

ABP levels in the testes and epididymides of vitamin A deficient-retinoic acid maintained rats were only 20 and 6% respectively as compared with those in normal rats. The number of FSH receptors in the testes of vitamin A deficient rats, as measured by [125I]ovine FSH binding to isolated testicular membranes, was only 40% of that in the testes of normal rats. Supplementation of retinyl acetate to these vitamin A deficient rats for 16 days resulted in restoration of the number of FSH receptors to normal levels. On the other hand, ABP levels were restored to 32 and 34% only in the testes and epididymides respectively.

Androgen-Binding Protein↗
PubMed1987

Effect of vitamins A, C and glutathione on the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene mediated by S9 from vitamin A-deficient rats.

Vitamin A deficiency has been shown to enhance the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene (Narbonne et al., 1985). Here we report that this is not a result of increased benzo[a]pyrene metabolism but might be a consequence of either a lack of vitamin A or a decreased level of scavengers (ascorbic acid and glutathione) in the liver. However, the addition of vitamin A in vitro in the form of retinyl palmitate strongly inhibits the benzo[a]pyrene mutagenicity. An enhancing effect on the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene is observed with addition of ascorbic acid when incubated with high amounts of the precarcinogen. In vivo addition of high levels of glutathione also reduces the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Tissue vitamin B12 levels in bat sucklings (Rousettus aegyptiacus) born of vitamin B12 deficient mothers.

The weights of the brains of vitamin B12-deficient baby bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus, 4-20 day old) were slightly lower than those of B12-replete infant bats. Liver and kidney organ weights were similar in the two groups. Brain and liver B12 levels of B12-deficient baby bats were significantly lower than those of replete controls. Kidney B12 levels in deficient babies were about one quarter those of the replete babies. Brain vitamin B12 levels in B12-deficient sucklings were significantly lower than those of B12-deficient adult bats (P less than 0.01). These findings reinforce the need for adequate vitamin B12 nutrition in pregnant and lactating animals.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Multiple sclerosis and infants fed on diets deficient in vitamin A or in selenium and vitamin E.

The characteristic features of multiple sclerosis (MS) include indications that its foundations are laid in early childhood as evidence by instances of the clustering of cases in particular localities by place of birth. Then there is the pattern of distribution in which the prevalence of MS among Caucasians progressively diminishes as the equator is approached, and the familial tendency of the disease to occur in close relatives of those who suffer from it. What is perhaps the most intriguing of all is the prevalence in the Orkney and Shetland Islands which is the highest in the world as far as is known. These and various other features, when considered in connection with the results of the research work which has been carried out on MS and on related subjects, provide reasonable grounds on which to base the hypothesis that the feeding of newborn infants over a period of approximately six months on diets containing insufficient vitamin A or selenium (Se) and to a lesser extent the vitamin E necessary to safeguard vitamin A against peroxidative degradation is a necessary condition but not a sufficient condition for the possible onset of the disease later in life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Thyroid-vitamin A interactions in chicks exposed to 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: influence of low dietary vitamin A and iodine.

Poultry chicks receiving a low vitamin A semipurified diet and exposed to 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl became hypothyroid in comparison with unexposed controls. Metabolic rate, total serum thyroxine, total serum triiodothyronine, and food intake decreased significantly while thyroid weight increased. Unexpectedly, growth rate was not affected on this diet. In the case of chicks receiving a low vitamin A--low iodine semipurified diet and exposed to the PCB congener, the hypothyroid response was apparently antagonized. Comparing exposed chicks with unexposed controls, metabolic rate and the proportion of free T3 (i.e., %T3 resin uptake) increased while total serum thyroxine and thyroid weight were unchanged. In addition, growth rate, food consumption, and serum retinol decreased on this diet. These results are interpreted to mean that growth rate may have been altered by circulating levels of retinol, and vitamin A insufficiency may predispose birds to the hypothyroid effects of PCBs.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of plasma vitamin E and vitamin A using amperometric and ultraviolet detection.

A highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay using amperometric detection has been developed for measuring alpha-tocopherol in plasma. Other minor components of vitamin E (beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols) can also be detected by this method. All-trans-retinol is simultaneously monitored by UV detection at 313 nm. This assay requires only 50 microliter of plasma for quantification of both vitamin E and A. The minimum detectable quantities for both alpha-tocopherol and retinol are 1.0 ng with corresponding signal-to-noise ratios of 4.0 and 3.5. The total chromatographic analysis time for each sample is less than 15 min. This assay has been used to determine the concentrations of vitamin A and E in plasma obtained from patients with liver disease, liver transplant patients and normal healthy volunteers.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2003

Absorption and conversion of a single oral dose of beta-carotene in corn oil to vitamin A in Sprague-Dawley rats with low reserve of vitamin A.

This study was carried out to determine how much of a single oral dose of beta-carotene in oil is absorbed and how much of the absorbed dose is converted to retinoids in rats having a vitamin A reserve at the lowest end of adequate status. Weanling rats raised on a vitamin A-deficient diet for four weeks were given a single oral dose of either corn oil or beta-carotene dissolved in corn oil (1.86 mumol). Serum, liver, and the entire digestive tract of the rats were analyzed for carotenoids and retinoids. Results showed that 4 hours after dosing, 1.64 mumol (88%) of the dose of beta-carotene was found intact, with 17.6% found in the stomach, 21% in the small intestine, and 49.3% in the large intestine. A total of 0.28 mumol of newly formed retinoids (expressed as retinyl palmitate) was present in serum, liver, and mucosa of small intestine. The results suggest that a single oral dose of beta-carotene might not be an effective way of raising vitamin A status in rats.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1969

Methylmalonic acid and coenzyme A concentrations in the livers of pair-fed vitamin B 12-deficient and vitamin B 12-treated sheep.

The concentrations of CoA in the livers of severely vitamin B(12)-deficient ewes were about 2.6 times those in pair-fed animals treated with vitamin B(12). When the feeding rates of the pair-fed animals were closely similar, the concentrations of methylmalonic acid in deficient livers were about twice those in vitamin B(12)-sufficient livers. The molar concentrations of CoA present were more than three times those of methylmalonic acid in both deficient and treated animals, and it is concluded that the elevated concentrations of CoA in the deficient livers were not primarily due to accumulation of methylmalonyl-CoA.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) gene polymorphism is associated with Graves' disease and the vitamin D status in a Polish population study.

OBJECTIVE: Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) genetic variants have an influence on vitamin D status and, therefore, they may contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. In this case-control study, we investigated the association of DBP gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to Graves' disease (GD) in a Polish population. Furthermore, we analyzed the distribution of DBP genotypes in GD patients divided according to the clinical (gender, age of onset, ophthalmopathy, family history, smoking habits) and genetic parameters (CTLA4 49G and HLA-DRB1*03 alleles), as well as the vitamin D serum levels. METHODS: 332 polish patients with GD and 185 healthy controls were genotyped for the DBP gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at codon 420 ACG --> AAG (Thr --> Lys) and at codon 416 GAT --> GAG (Asp --> Glu) by the PCR-RFLP method. The variable (TAAA)N repeat polymorphism in the intron 8 was analyzed in 332 patients and 164 controls by the PCR amplification followed by the PAGE. In addition, 25(OH)D3 serum levels were measured in 110 patients. RESULTS: In patients with GD, the frequency of the Lys allele (34.2% vs. 25.7%, p = 0.005; OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.13-1.99) at codon 420 was significantly higher compared to controls. The distribution of codon 420 genotypes also differed significantly (p = 0.01), with the frequency of the Lys/Lys homozygotes (9.3% vs. 5.9%; OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 0.80-3.32) being higher in GD. The distribution of codon 416 alleles and genotypes did not differ in both studied groups (p = 0.59 and p = 0.81, respectively). Analysis of the intron 8 (TAAA)N repeat polymorphism led to the identification of a novel variant in the Polish population, described as 7 repeats, but no association between the intron 8 alleles and GD was observed. The 420 Lys allele was associated with lower 25(OH)D3 serum levels (p = 0.01). No correlation between the DBP genotypes and other susceptibility alleles or the GD clinical phenotype was observed. CONCLUSIONS: (i) The DBP gene Lys allele at codon 420 confers susceptibility to GD in the Polish population, (ii) the codon 416 alleles and intron 8 (TAAA)N variants are not associated with susceptibility to and clinical phenotype of GD, and (iii) the codon 420 Lys allele correlates with lower 25(OH)D3 serum concentration.

Adolescent↗