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PubMed2005

A baseline survey: oral health status of prisoners--Western Cape.

South African prison populations continue to grow because of the escalating crime and an overstretched judicial system. The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status of prison inmates in the Western Cape (Pollsmoor, Goodwood, Paarl and Worcester). A cross-sectional epidemiological survey involving a clinical oral examination and face-to-face interviews was used to collect information on DMFT, periodontal health, perceived needs and the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of inmates to oral health. Clinical examinations were carried out using WHO criteria. Of the 340 study participants, 264 were male and 76 were female. The prevalence of oral disease was high. The mean DMFT was 15.45 and the total DMFT increased with age. There was a reported impact on oral health quality of life, with many citing problems with eating, drinking and pain. Self-reported dental needs indicated a perceived need for dentures, scaling and fillings. Over two thirds of the sample (72%) reported that the dental services that they presently receive are poor. This study found a high prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease among the correctional service populations. There is an urgent need for the development of a basic oral health care package that should be offered to all inmates as eventually many of them will be returning to the community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Water flow in high-speed handpieces.

OBJECTIVES: This study measured the water flow commonly used in high-speed handpieces to evaluate the water flow's influence on temperature generation. Different flow speeds were evaluated between turbines that had different numbers of cooling apertures. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Two water samples were collected from each high-speed handpiece at private practices and at the School of Dentistry at São José dos Campos. The first sample was collected at the customary flow and the second was collected with the terminal opened for maximum flow. The two samples were collected into weighed glass receptacles after 15 seconds of turbine operation. The glass receptacles were reweighed and the difference between weights was recorded to calculate the water flow in mL/min and for further statistical analysis. RESULTS: The average water flow for 137 samples was 29.48 mL/min. The flow speeds obtained were 42.38 mL/min for turbines with one coolant aperture; 34.31 mL/min for turbines with two coolant apertures; and 30.44 mL/min for turbines with three coolant apertures. There were statistical differences between turbines with one and three coolant apertures (Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test with P < .05). CONCLUSION: Turbine handpieces with one cooling aperture distributed more water for the burs than high-speed handpieces with more than one aperture.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed2005

Dental treatment needs in Lithuanian adolescents.

The aims were to estimate dental treatment needs of 15-16-year-olds in Lithuania and to relate a number of background factors such as gender, urbanization and residency to possible differences in dental treatment needs. A total of 885 adolescents in 22 randomly pre-selected areas were clinically examined. The following criteria of dental treatment needs were used: tooth with primary caries, secondary caries, tooth which needs a non-operative treatment, tooth with trauma, which needs a restorative treatment, and tooth which needs either an endodontic treatment, a crown or an extraction. Only 7.7 % of all participants had all their teeth sound. The treatment due to primary caries was the most required dental treatment modality among Lithuanian adolescents. Significantly fewer teeth required treatment due to other aforementioned reasons. Significant differences in most dental treatment needs between boys and girls were found, whereas in relation to urbanization and area of residency the differences were less pronounced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Clinical analysis of 487 cases with oral and maxillofacial trauma in children].

A retrospective analysis of 487 children with oral and maxillofacial trauma was conducted and the cause, site, type and the age, sex were reviewed. The male and female ratio in children was 1.55:1, the patient children proportion of patients younger than 5 years old was obviously higher than those older than 5 years. Fall accounted for 70.23% among all the causes, the percent age of soft tissue trauma and teeth trauma were 64.89% and 29.89%, the percent age of lip and chin trauma was 56.47%.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Laboratory comparison of a titanium trauma splint with three conventional ones for the treatment of dental trauma.

AIM: This was to evaluate the efficacy of a Titanium Trauma Splint (TTS) by comparing it with three other devices commonly used in the care of dental trauma, a Resin Splint (RS), Button-Bracket Splint (BS) and a Wire- Composite Splint (WCS). METHODS: The four types of splints were applied on experimental dental models, including in the splints the teeth from canine to canine of each maxilla. Two load-tests for each device were applied with the dental model inclined to 45 degrees or less, and increasing forces were applied to the incisal edges from 0N to 50N, in the first test, and from 0N to 100N in the second. At the same time the displacement involved of the splinted teeth was assessed and then the ratio between the two measured sizes was graphically represented. RESULTS: In the level tests the displacements of the splinted teeth caused by the force of 80N were: 0.39 mm for the BS, 0.37 mm for the TTS, 0.35 mm for the WCS and 0.30 mm for the RS. In the inclined tests, the splints under the effect of 40N, showed displacements as: 1.65 mm RS, 1.83 mm BS, 1.89 mm TTS and 2.16 mm WCS. CONCLUSION: With the exception of RS as to rigidity, the other three splints were practically the same in response. Considering other characteristics, the TTS proved to be a promising device for the treatment of dental traumas.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed2005

A retrospective study on the approach to the tooth in the fracture line of the mandible.

UNLABELLED: The presence of a tooth in the fracture line constitutes a specific problem in mandibular fractures. Therefore, our objective was to characterize the approach to teeth in the fracture line used in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Plovdiv, by retrospectively investigating the association between various preoperative factors and the decision to extract or preserve the tooth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The following variables were studied based on data from available hospital records: 1) gender and age of patients; 2) local preoperative infections; 3) time from trauma to treatment; 4) degree of fracture displacement; 5) relationship between tooth and fracture line; 6) periapical pathology; 7) periodontal diseases; 8) type of tooth in the fracture line; 9) degree of eruption; 10) method of treatment. RESULTS: 593 fractures with a tooth in the fracture line were included in the study. The tooth was preserved in 69.90 +/- 0.14% of the cases, it was extracted in 29.30 +/- 1.91% and exarticulated in 0.80 +/- 0.38% of all fracture lines. The results demonstrated the existing association between the studied variables and the decision to extract or preserve the tooth. Extraction was generally preferred in the following cases: if a local preoperative infection was present; the time from trauma to treatment was more than 72 hours; there was a significant displacement of the fracture; the dental root was fractured; periapical pathology or periodontal disease was present; the tooth was multi-rooted; or treatment consisted of open reduction and internal fixation. CONCLUSIONS: Making a decision to extract or preserve the tooth in the fracture line is a complex process. Each case, therefore, should be approached individually.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Utilization of a hospital for treatment of pediatric dental emergencies.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate dental emergencies treated at a hospital clinic and emergency department (ED) to: (1) analyze emergency types; (2) determine reasons for seeking hospital care; and (3) examine trends compared to previous studies from this institution. METHODS: Records of 2,683 emergencies from 1995 to 2003 were reviewed. Demographics, reason for seeking care, and treatment details were analyzed overall by emergency type and for subgroups of patients with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and patients referred from other EDs. RESULTS: Emergencies were: 51% trauma, 40% caries, and 9% "other" emergencies unrelated to trauma or caries. Common patient characteristics were: (1) young age; (2) non-Caucasian ethnicity; (3) Medicaid as payer; (4) no dentist; and (5) proximity to the hospital. Caries emergencies increased significantly over the study period (P = .008), and 22% had S-ECC. Patients referred from other EDs were: 11% of trauma patients who commonly required sutures and/or extractions; and 3% of caries patients, 82% with extraoral swelling. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristics of patients seeking hospital care for dental emergencies were: (1) young age; (2) non-Caucasian ethnicity; (3) Medicaid as payer; (4) no dentist; and (5) proximity to CHRMC. Use differed by ethnic groups: Caucasians presented mostly for trauma; African Americans presented equally for caries and trauma; and Hispanics and Asians presented primarily for caries. Access to care, caries, and severe early childhood caries remain significant problems despite multiple programs targeting children's' oral health in Washington State.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[New technologies and ways of endodontic-endoossal implantation improving].

There were developed, tested and used in practice new transdental implants (TDI) considerably widening the indications to endodontic-endoossal implantation. Universal TDI has a number of advantages over the known analogs and meant for osseointegration and fibro-osseointegration. The implant provides full tooth fixation in small bone volume, on maxilla including.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Histopathologic change of pulp tissue after surgical trauma in monkeys.

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of surgical trauma on pulp tissue. Two-walled osseous defects were surgically created at the mesial sides of the bilateral mandibular second bicuspids of four Taiwan monkeys. The cementum and partial thickness of dentin were removed with diamond bur. At one side of the mandible, the perforation was made at the midpoint of the root surface facing the created osseous defect to allow the pulp tissue to communicate the defects. The flaps were readapted. The monkeys were sacrificed 6 months postoperatively and prepared for the histologic evaluation. The results showed that in three of the four perforated sites, cementum-like structures were formed at the perforated areas. The pulp tissue kept vital. But replacement resorption was taking place in fourth studied site.

Animals↗