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At least 1,459 records · Page 81Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effects of attritive diet on craniofacial morphology: a cephalometric analysis of a Finnish skull sample.

The purpose of the present study was to analyse cephalometrically the effects of a high-attrition environment on craniofacial morphology. The material consisted of lateral cephalograms of 32 Finnish crania and of a control sample of 50 present-day Finns. The skull sample represented Finns who had lived in the city of Turku during the 15th and 16th centuries. Marked dental attrition was seen in the skulls; the dentition of the control individuals was virtually unworn. The gonial angle, and the angle between the mandibular base and nasal floor were significantly smaller in the skull sample than in the present-day sample. In addition, the upper incisors were more palatally inclined, and the angle between the axes of the upper and lower incisors was significantly larger in the skull sample. The configuration of the cranial base, and the relationship of the clivus to the nasal floor and ramus were similar in both samples. The results indicate that intensive mastication affects mandibular growth by advancing its anterior rotation. The large interincisal angle was caused, almost equally, by the lingual tipping of the upper incisors and the anterior rotation of the mandible. It is suggested that anterior rotation is the natural growth direction of the mandible. However, several functional disturbances, including reduced masticatory stimulation due to modern diet, may promote more posteriorly directed growth.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Vertical height differences in subjects with severe dental wear.

The present study aims to determine differences in vertical facial dimensions as a result of severe dental wear. The sample consisted of 35 subjects (mean age 48.4 years) who had advanced dental wear recognized by loss of more than one-third of the estimated original incisor crown length. The control group comprised 40 subjects (mean age 26.1 years) with acceptable occlusions and no signs of severe generalized tooth wear. Lateral skull radiographs were taken for both the study sample and the control group with the mandible in the maximum retruded position, from which measurements were made using a digitizer. The results showed no significant differences for total face height (n-gn) between the groups (P > 0.05) although for the study sample, upper face height was greater (P < 0.05) and lower face height was smaller (P < 0.05). Smaller values for tooth length were found in the wear sample, with the mean differences in tooth length being 5.0 mm for upper incisors and 3.3 mm for lower incisors. The overbite was smaller in the wear sample and the lower incisor position differed from controls in this group. It is concluded that the differences in face height together with differences in lower incisor position through dento-alveolar development contribute to maintenance of total facial height, so compensating for loss of vertical height through severe dental wear.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

A comparison of medieval and modern dentitions.

The dentitions of 23 skulls, mostly excavated from a 'plague pit' dating from 1348, were investigated using a Reflex Metrograph. The measurements obtained were compared with those from a modern control sample. It was found that in the medieval dentitions the arch widths were significantly wider, arch lengths and tooth lengths smaller, and the degree of irregularity of the teeth was greater than a modern group.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Recognizing and managing parafunction in the reconstruction and maintenance of the oral implant patient.

A primary goal in the reconstruction of the dental implant patient is to achieve the lowest stress possible on the abutments, both artificial and natural. Bidez and Misch use the formula [figure: see text] [formula: see text] to explain that the stress can be easily lowered by increasing "A," by using larger implants, or by using additional implants. Another equally important method of lowering the stress is to reduce and manage the force application (F). The majority of completed implant cases can well tolerate applied forces from mastication and swallowing, both of which are close to 50 pounds per square inch, but it is the destructive power from DCS that can easily range from 500 to 1,000 pounds per square inch with which this article is concerned.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2006

Digital imaging of patterns of dental wear to diagnose bruxism in children.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the area, perimeter, and form (D factor and fractal dimension) of the dental wear among bruxist and nonbruxist children with mixed dentition in order to determine if the dental wear may be used as criteria to diagnose bruxism. METHODS: The children were 8 to 11 years old and were classified as bruxist or nonbruxist, according to anxiety level and temporomandibular disorders. Dental casts of the upper arch were obtained for the bruxist (n = 24) and the control (n = 29) group. The dental wear was measured in digital format and processed automatically. The complete and pathological dental wear was compared between the two groups, using the Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups, with a higher area, perimeter, and more irregular form of the pathological dental wear among the bruxist group. Regarding complete dental wear, differences were only significant for the D factor (an un-dimensional quantitative parameter which produces a relation between the area and the perimeter of an object). CONCLUSION: Digital imaging of dental wear may be used as criteria to diagnose bruxism in children with mixed dentition after making an analysis of the area, perimeter, and irregularity of the form of pathological dental wear.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1975

An alternative treatment in cases with advanced localized attrition.

A combined orthodontic/prosthetic treatment of patients with advanced localized attrition has been described. In one patient the effect of the orthodontic treatment upon the morphological face height has been studied using an X-ray cephalographic technique and the results have been discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Masticatory function--a review of the literature. 1. The form of the masticatory cycle.

Recently, the authors realized that an evaluation of the literature on mastication had never been undertaken, and it is hoped that this review presented in three parts, will be of value, not only to the dental clinician, but to other scientists working in associated fields. The first paper discusses the form of the masticatory cycle in the natural and artificial dentitions, including the controversial question of whether tooth contact occurs during function. The second paper reviews the literature concerning the speed of movement of the mandible, rate of chewing and the forces developed in chewing. The final paper describes masticatory efficiency and performance, the effect of food on masticatory function, and incorporates a summary of all these three papers.

Cineradiography↗
PubMed1976

Attrition: possible mechanisms of compensation.

Attrition, or wear of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth, may not only be physiologically normal, but necessary for function. Since occlusal wear must lead to reduction in tooth length, significant dimensional changes in facial morphology are inevitable unless mechanisms exist to compensate for attrition. Secondary dentine formation, alveolar growth, and adaptive changes in the masticatory muscles can provide this compensation, and may be part of a complex system by which an effective level of masticatory function is maintained even when attrition is extreme.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Bruxism and its effect on the teeth.

This study presents the progress of tooth wear and the change in structural morphology on individual teeth of bruxist subjects, compared with non-bruxers. From the results of this investigation it can be concluded that the tooth wear progressed faster in bruxers than in non-bruxers. Scanning electron microscope investigations revealed in 10 teeth the same pattern of deep grooves and striations on the wear-facets of active bruxers.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Credibility of morphologic and psychologic theories of TMJ pain-dysfunction aetiology.

An evaluation of the morphologic and psychologic theories of the aetiology of TMJ pain-dysfunction can be revealing if made without resorting too much to scientific experimental results, because the interpretation of results as well as the questions asked are largely dependent on a prior commitment to one of the theories. Accepting that the TMJ pain-dysfunction became a common disease after the industrial revolution gives reason to look for a causative factor connected with it. Both an increase of psychologic stress and a change of dental morphology and function appear as possible factors, but only the latter has factual evidence. The lack of functional wear disturbs the unconscious swallow reflex but apparently not mastication. This suggests that retrusive interferences are a necessary but not always sufficient condition for the initiation of the TMJ pain-dysfunction. Psychologic factors are contributory, they can cause tooth clenching and perhaps grinding, but there seems to be no reason other than interferences from occlusion for that taking place eccentrically. Thus psychogenic tooth clenching and grinding do not seem to be pathogenic without the morphologic factor.

Bruxism↗
PubMed1979

Cusps or no cusps--that is not the question.

Current views of the significance of cusps to oral health range from an emphasis on meticulous recusping of the restored teeth to a recommendation of gradual prophylactic elimination of natural cusps by grinding. Cusps, their morphology and mutual arrangement are associated with masticatory function. The adaptive value of efficient mastication has diminished along with advancing cultural evolution. Industrialization marks a turning point as seen from the almost total disappearance of functional tooth wear. Restoring cusps to achieve maximum structural efficiency thus lacks a rational basis. But the occlusal morphology is also associated with the swallow reflex: retrusive occlusal interferences tend to disturb it. These interferences can be avoided by establishing the freedom in centric or by restoring the occlusion to the retruded position. The prophylactic grinding of teeth also lacks a rational basis. The consequences of artificial wear are not likely to be the same as those of functional wear because the function has changed, the oral environment is different. It seems advisable, therefore, to try to eliminate only unquestionably harmful factors, and to leave the rest of the morphology as unchanged as possible.

Dental Occlusion↗