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PubMed1969

Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. Diagnosis by sodium electrode sweat tests.

One of the most difficult and unreproducible procedures in clinical laboratories has been the measurement of electrolytes in sweat. The iontophoresis techniques for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, which are widely used, are fraught with difficulties.Measurement of sweat electrolytes with sodium or chloride electrodes is gradually replacing the iontophoresis methods. A simple modification of the sodium electrode technique was used for diagnosis in 11 cystic fibrosis patients and in 260 normal children. The values obtained with the sodium electrode clearly separated the normal children from those with cystic fibrosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Keratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris. A morphological study on the relation to the epidermal sweat duct unit.

The palmar and plantar pits of keratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris were examined histologically in both vertical and horizontal sections. Pits were located in the crista superficialis epidermis, especially in the orifice of the sweat duct, but no iodine-starch reaction was detected in pits by perspiration testing. In the center of a pit was a parakeratotic wedge, deflecting the squamous cell layers downwards. The sweat duct was found in this parakeratotic wedge, and was occasionally obstructed.

Aged↗

PubMed1966

A method of measuring the effect of drugs on sweating as a function of time.

By the use of an instrument (sudorimeter) for the continuous and automatic recording of sweating-rate fluctuations, the effects of certain drugs which suppress sweating can be determined as a function of time. This paper describes the novel features of the instrument, and the method of analyzing the data it provides in such a way as to secure information not otherwise obtainable.

Atropine↗

PubMed1984

Occult eccrine sweat duct hamartoma and cicatricial scalp alopecia.

A second case of eccrine ductal proliferation of the scalp which presented as cicatricial alopecia is reported. Histopathology is compatible with a diagnosis of eccrine sweat duct hamartoma. This case seems to establish a rare clinical occurrence of sweat gland cyst formation which microscopically resembles syringoma.

Alopecia↗

PubMed1984

The fine structure of the swine sweat gland. I. The acini.

The structure of the acini in the swine sweat gland is described here at the TEM level. The acini of the sweat gland in the pig is formed by 2 secretory cell types: dark seromucous cells and clear cells. The dark seromucous cells are actively secretory and their secretion is apocrine. The clear cells seem to be involved in an active transport of water and electrolytes through their cytoplasms.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Studies of the persistence of infectivity of Trypanosoma cruzi. III. Effect of human sweat.

Experiments designed to investigate the suggestion that human sweat has a trypanocidal effect did not support this hypothesis under the test conditions described. These studies are designed to investigate factors influencing the chance of infection of man when metacyclic trypanosomes in bug faeces are deposited on the human skin. As mentioned in the first paper in this series (Alvarenga & Marsden) we have epidemiological evidence that people can live for years in houses with infected bugs and not acquire the disease although skin contamination with infected faeces must occur frequently. Wood showed that metacyclic trypanosomes of T. cruzi lost their motility within 30 minutes after exposure to human sweat. He did not report infectivity experiments. Since such an effect would limit the chances of T. cruzi transmission under field conditions we decided to repeat Wood's experiments with observations on the infectivity of trypanosome suspensions.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Prognostic value of sweat-chloride levels in cystic fibrosis: a negative report.

Sweat-chloride levels at the time of diagnosis have been reviewed from 708 patients with cystic fibrosis. Sixty-one patients, shown to be non-steatorrheic, were found to have significantly lower levels than 647 patients with severe pancreatic insufficiency. Although patients who retain pancreatic function are known to have less severe pulmonary involvement and a better overall prognosis (5), we were unable to show any correlation of sweat-chloride levels at diagnosis with pulmonary function, current age or Shwachman clinical score which might be of prognostic value.

Chlorides↗

PubMed1982

Carcinoembryonic antigen in benign sweat gland tumors.

Carcinoembryonic antigen was demonstrated in sweat gland adenomas by immunostaining using standard immunoperoxidase techniques. Carcinoembryonic antigen could not be found in adnexal tumors derived from the pilar and sebaceous apparatus. The demonstration of this specific antigen in certain sweat gland tumors may be helpful in the recognition and classification of these kinds of lesions.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1982

Intracellular calcium localization in stimulated, non-stimulated and repressed eccrine sweat glands.

Acinar cells of eccrine sweat glands from control, pilocarpine-treated, and atropine-treated rats were studied using a potassium pyroantimonate technique for calcium localization at the ultrastructural level. This was done in order to identify intracellular compartmentalization of calcium and to elucidate any calcium translocation that might occur during the secretion process. Calcium-pyroantimonate complexes were identified in the mitochondria, plasma membrane and cytoplasmic vesicles of the untreated and the atropine-treated specimens. These complexes decreased drastically in the actively secreting cells. The function of calcium in sweat gland secretion and the action of the utilized pharmacological agents on membrane calcium are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Innervation of eccrine sweat glands.

In recent years it has been shown on the example of primate skin that in addition to abundant cholinergic innervation, the eccrine glands are also supplied by adrenergic fibers, containing catecholamines. The presence of an adrenergic component of the innervation is demonstrated on the plantar eccrine sweat glands of a number of rodents and the cat by the detection of monoamine oxidase in it. The myelin nerve trunks, the short unmyelinated varicose terminals in direct contact with the secretory cells, as well as the mitochondria of cells of the eccrine sweat glands are rich in monoamine oxidase. Specific and nonspecific cholinesterases are localized in the dense network of nerves in lacing the secretory portions of the glands; individual fibers accompany the excretory ducts. The acetylcholinesterase concentration is lower than the concentration of nonspecific cholinesterase. In rats with chemical sympathectomy, induced by four-week administration of 25 mg/kg guanethidine from the first day of birth, in which 99% of the neurons in the stellate ganglia die, the monoamine oxidase concentration in the myelin nerves and in the mitochondria of the secretory cells drops very sharply, and acetylcholinesterase disappears from the nerves surrounding the glands.

Acetylcholinesterase↗

PubMed1995

Sweat gland carcinoma with metastases to the skin: response to 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy.

A 68-year-old white man presented to the inpatient service at Columbia-Presbyterian Hospital with a chief complaint of a progressively enlarging tumor of the right infraorbital region for many years and multiple, pink papulonodules on his head, neck, and trunk. A biopsy specimen of the right infraorbital and back lesions demonstrated an infiltrating adenocarcinoma with prominent signet ring cells, and small lumen formation. Results of an extensive work-up revealed bone marrow metastases and no evidence of a primary malignancy. We present a case of primary sweat gland carcinoma with metastases to the skin based upon history, clinical presentation, results of physical examination, histopathologic examination, immunohistochemical studies, and response to 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. Due to the rarity of the tumor, the diagnosis is usually not made until the tumor(s) is invasive. An excellent response to systemic chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil in metastatic sweat gland carcinoma was noted in this case.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

[Patch-like sweat gland necrosis in AIDS].

Hard plaques located in pressure areas were observed in an HIV-infected male patient at the AIDS stage. Histological examination of the skin showed necrosis of the eccrine sweat glands. The relationship between this disease and eccrine neutrophilic hidradenitis observed in HIV infection is discussed. The authors propose a concept of eccrine sweat gland lesion spectrum.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1993

[A case of radiation myelopathy with characteristic findings of thermoregulatory sweat distribution and magnetic resonance images].

A 73-year-old man had undergone resection of a lung carcinoma of the right upper lobe in 1987. Post-operative irradiation (40 Gy) was given to the right hilus. In November 1988, recurrence was detected in the trachea. Laser therapy was done in December 1988. From January 9 to February 13 in 1989, irradiation (50 Gy) was given to the mediastinum. From the beginning of 1991, the patient developed muscle weakness in the right lower extremity and pain temperature sensations were impaired below the Th12 level on the left side. On October 3, 1991, he was admitted to our hospital. Neurological examination revealed mild muscle weakness in the right lower extremity. Superficial sensations were impaired below the Th6 level bilaterally. Deep tendon reflexes were hyperactive in the lower extremities. A bilateral Babinski sign was positive. The T1 weighted MRI showed a low signal intensity in the spinal cord at the level of thoracic vertebra (TV)2-TV6. T2 weighted images revealed a high signal intensity area of the spinal cord from TV4-TV6. A gadolinium-DTPA injection revealed an enhancement on the left side of the spinal cord at the TV2-3 level, and right side of the spinal cord at the TV4-5 level on the sagittal and axial images. A thermal sweating test revealed hypohidrosis below the Th8 level on the right side, and the Th11 level on the left side. Sweating was delayed at the Th7-8 levels on the right side and Th10-11 levels on the left side. An irradiated field on the chest revealed hypohidrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed1995

[A case of gustatory sweating and facial pain].

We report a case of a patient with gustatory sweating, a unilateral hyperhidrosis following a gustatory stimulus and an accompanying thermoregulatory hypohidrosis in the same area. Unusual features in this case are a possible association with a face pain and that the causing lesion can be localized in the brain-stem by neurological-topical reasoning. Most cases of gustatory sweating are caused by damage to the parotid gland.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

p53 expression in sweat gland tumors.

We analyzed the expression of p53 in 74 cutaneous adnexal tumors, with enhancement of the detection by incubation of the slides in the microwave. The immunostaining in benign tumors was almost uniformly negative as we found p53-positivity only in one poroma, one nodular hidradenoma, and one case of syringocystadenoma papilliferum (amongst 13 spiradenomas, 9 cylindromas, 12 nodular hidradenomas, 7 poromas, 6 syringomas, 7 syringocystadenomas papilliferum, 2 papillary tubular adenomas and 4 chondroid syringomas). These results contrasted with the widespread p53 overexpression, which was revealed in the sweat gland carcinomas. All spiradenocarcinomas (3), malignant nodular hidradenoma (1), apocrine hidradenocarcinoma (1), and malignant syringoadenoma (1) showed a strong reaction to anti-p53 antibody. Two of three eccrine hidradenocarcinomas, and two of three porocarcinomas presented p53 overexpression, whereas in one case of malignant cylindroma and adenoid cystic carcinoma we did not find p53-positivity. The results of the study indicate an important role, that p53 protein plays in the malignant sweat gland tumors in comparison to their benign counterparts, but reveal that its overexpression may also occur in the reactive and benign neoplastic processes.

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic↗

PubMed1996

Diagnostic significance of the myoepithelial cells in the benign and malignant sweat gland tumors.

We studied the presence of myoepithelial cells (MCs) in the benign and malignant sweat gland adenomas by immunostaining with antibody to alpha-smooth muscle actin. We found peripheral arrangement of MCs in the neoplastic nests in cutaneous cylindromas (9), spiradenomas (13), syringoadenomas (7), and one case of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Dispersed MCs were identified in some cases of nodular hidradenoma (7/13) and malignant portion of spiradenocarcinoma (2/3). The remnants of the peripheral arrangement of MCs were retained in the benign part in cylindrocarcinoma and every case of spiradenocarcinoma, likewise in composed malignant adnexoma (malignisation within cylindroma/spiradenoma). We could not find MCs in papillary eccrine adenoma (2), poromas (7) and porocarcinomas (3), syringomas (6), chondroid syringomas (3), malignant nodular hidradenoma (1) and malignant portion of syringoadenoma (1). In one of three cases of eccrine hidradenocarcinoma focal myoepithelial differentiation could be identified at the periphery of the epithelial nests. These results confirm heterogeneity of the differentiation in sweat gland tumors, emphasizing the validity of division of those tumors into those with the differentiation towards secretory and ductal portion of the gland. The former group demonstrates the variability of arrangement of myoepithelial cells depending on the degree of dedifferentiation of the developing carcinoma. These cells may be replaced by outgrowing tumor, but may also accompany the neoplastic growth. Less significant is the presence of the MCs in the adenomas with ductal differentiation, which either in benign and malignant tumors may be lacking. The variability of MCs occurrence in cutaneous adenomas and carcinomas precludes its significance as a solitary factor in the differentiation between benign and malignant proliferations.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1996

[The sweat test. The proposal to revise the concept of the "grey zone"].

The results of the sweat tests performed in Turin CF Centre in the last four years were reviewed. The opportunity of changing the range of doubt, commonly situated between 40 and 70 mEq/l Cl-, has been considered. The sweat test appears worth to be repeated only for values > 60, unless clinical signs and symptoms persist.

Cystic Fibrosis↗

PubMed1977

[Current use of the sweat test (author's transl)].

A positive sweat test is still the principal diagnostic feature of cystic fibrosis. Repeated tests are mandatory in positive, borderline and any suspect cases. Pilocarpine iontophoresis and quantitative evaluation of sodium and/or chloride are the only acceptable test methods. Every effort must be made to avoid contamination of the sweat sample. Diagnostic values are more than 50 mequ/l for sodium and more than 60 mequ/l for chloride.

Cystic Fibrosis↗