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X-ray cephalometric analysis of 123 profile teleroentgenograms revealed substantial differences in the composition of facial skeleton in the patients with three forms of generalized increased abrasiveness of teeth.
The present authors report on their own method of preparation of a frozen kit of methylenediphosphonate (MDP) which has been hitherto imported from the foreign currency area. The preparation after labelling with 99mTc serves for scintigraphy of the skeleton. The rate of MDP and the reducing reagent (SnCl2.2H2O)-5:1 proved to be the most advantageous. The preparation was compared with two more radiopharmaceuticals: hydroxyethylidenedisphosphanate (HEDP) and pyrophosphate (PYP). The results of a subjective evaluation of readability of scintigrams with grades 1-5 are unequivocally more favourable for MDP and HEDP (2.3 and 2.4) against PYP (3.1). MDP possessed the best rate of the number of impulses from the bone and the surrounding tissue--the background of the radiopharmaceuticals under study. The authors also examined the rapidity of uptake of MDP in the bone, kidney and its elimination from the plasma. The obtained results were in good agreement with commercial preparations tested at different laboratories. The use of MDP prepared in this manner is a contribution both to economy and clinical practice.
The biocompatibility of mammal bone with aragonite and calcite skeletons of aquatic invertebrates (Corals, Molluscs) led us, after animal experimentation, to implant in humans artificial dental roots derived from such invertebrates. These roots, incorporated but not resorbed, serve as supports for a prosthetic crown; they are equipped to isolate the root from the buccal cavity and to ensure shock absorbtion during mastication. The greater ease of implanting artificial teeth and their excellent acceptance will in many cases modify the strategy of current dental treatment.
IgG receptor expression after selective cross-linking of spectrin by means of diamide was investigated. A diamide concentration dependent IgG loading of erythrocytes was observed. Furthermore, diamide causes disturbance of lipid asymmetry, decrease of the anisotropy after topooptical staining of the glycocalyx, increase of the phagocytosis index and aggregation of the IMP's. Our findings support the hypothesis that the arrangement of the membrane skeleton at the inner aspect of the membrane is decisive not only for the lipid asymmetry but also for the spatial structure of the glycocalyx at the outer aspect of the membrane and thus for the degree of exposure and arrangement of IgG-receptors, which are thought to be localized at an extracellular portion of band 3 protein.
Investigations were performed on aging of erythrocytes. It has been assumed that structural changes of the membrane result after exposer of the cells to certain environmental influences in vivo or in vitro. Cell aging can be connected with varying combinations of membrane structure disturbances. It is postulated that the messenger which signals membrane structure lesion is involved in a mechanism given by the expression of immunoglobulin G (IgG) receptor sites which bind autologous IgG1 and IgG3. This antibodies are cytophilic for macrophages. The performed studies demonstrated that an intact molecular arrangement of the membrane skeleton is not only a supposition for stabilization of the membrane asymmetry but also for IgG receptor masking to prevent an early elimination of the red blood cells from the organism.
An immunogenetic evaluation of the antitumor activity of the immunopotentiator Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (N. rubra-CWS) has been performed using non-virus-producing tumors induced by the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) in B10 congenic and recombinant mice. Live tumor cells mixed with either N. rubra-CWS or a placebo control were inoculated intradermally into the right flank of syngeneic mice. With N. rubra-CWS, the development and growth of B10 mouse tumors, S1018(B10) and B10SA2F, in B10(H-2b) mice were completely inhibited in all test mice. B10.A(5R) mouse tumor, S322(5R), was completely suppressed in 23 of 25 B10.A(5R)(H-2i5) mice, and B10.BR mouse tumor, S623(BR), was completely suppressed in 7 of 14 B10.BR(H-2k) mice. However, B10.D2 mouse tumor, S908(D2), in B10.D2(H-2d) mice and B10.A mouse tumors, S826(BA) and B10ABr1F, in B10.A(H-2a) mice were not suppressed at all by N. rubra-CWS. N. rubra-CWS showed a remarkable antitumor effect in B10 mice, not only in mixed inoculation with the tumor cells but also with intratumoral administration. These effects were not seen in B10.A mice. Peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from B10 and B10.A strains previously treated intraperitoneally with N. rubra-CWS and/or MMC-treated tumor cells showed cytolytic and cytostatic activities on tumor cells derived from both strains. These results did not reflect the strain difference seen in the in vivo studies. Mitogenic activity of N. rubra-CWS on spleen cells, however, was significantly different among B10 congenic mice; N. rubra-CWS induced greater blastogenesis of spleen cells from B10 mice than of those from B10.A mice, corresponding to the in vivo results showing strain difference. These results suggest that the host's immunogenetic background may play an important role in cancer therapy with immunopotentiators.
The DNA fraction enriched in replication origins was isolated from chicken erythroblastosis cells with the aid of nascent DNA strand extrusion method. In renaturation experiments, the sequence specificity of this DNA fraction (oriDNA) was compared to the sequence specificity of the nuclear matrix DNA. The oriDNA was shown to comprise a specific subset of unique genes all of which being represented also in the nuclear matrix DNA. The same unique DNA sequences were found to be depleted from the oriDNA and from the nuclear matrix DNA. A conclusion has been drawn that replication origins are located at the basements of DNA loops. The putative positions of replication origins within the domain of chicken alpha globin genes were mapped by hybridization experiments and were found to coincide with the positions of stable (not depending on the transcriptional state of globin genes) sites of DNA attachment to the nuclear skeleton.
Paget's disease of bone is now regarded as a slow virus disease of the skeleton presenting with localized manifestation. The affected areas show increased turnover with irregular structure (mosaic pattern in histology). The bones are thickened but have decreased mechanical strength. The disease most frequently affects the pelvis, femora, and tibiae, followed by the calvarium, the lumbar vertebrae and others. Diagnosis is made by X-ray examination. The differential diagnosis is rarely so difficult that a bone biopsy is required. Bone scintigraphy reveals asymptomatic lesions. Alkaline serum phosphatase mirrors the activity of the disease. Indications for treatment are pains, bending, deformities, fractures, skull base involvement, nerve damage and very high alkaline phosphatase. Calcitonins and bisphosphonates are used for treatment. Single-agent therapy reduces alkaline phosphatase to 50% of the initial level. If more intensive treatment is desired, a combination of calcitonin and EHDP can be used. Paget's sarcoma develops in less than 1% of patients with Paget's disease of bone; it is uncertain whether this complication can be prevented or delayed by the therapeutic regimens currently in use.
We searched an interaction between (i) pentoxifylline and/or propentofylline, and (ii) the red cell membrane with special emphasis on the membrane skeleton. It appeared (i) that propentofylline has no permanent binding site on the membrane, (ii) that propentofylline and/or pentoxifylline do not detectably alter spectrin conformation (no change of spectrin dimer self-association or of spectrin limited digestion in the presence of trypsin), and (iii) that these compounds have no effect on membrane protein phosphorylation, particularly the cAMP-dependent and TPA-dependent phosphorylation of protein 4.1.
With advances in understanding of the biochemistry of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton, the molecular basis of some of the hereditary anemias has been determined. Distinct spectrin abnormalities have been identified in spherocytosis and elliptocytosis. Protein 4.1 variants may result in elliptocytosis or may be clinically silent. While abnormalities of other proteins have not yet been identified, it is likely that variants of ankyrin and perhaps other proteins will eventually be identified as defects in these biochemically heterogeneous disorders of blood. Proteins related to spectrin, ankyrin, and protein 4.1 have been found in multiple other tissues, including brain, lymphocytes, and connective tissue, and the role of these proteins is being studied. Identification of the functional abnormalities and molecular biology of abnormal erythrocyte membrane proteins is therefore likely to have direct relevance to understanding of other cell types and diseases.
Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced interleukin 2 (IL-2) production and lymphocyte proliferation were measured in former workers of the Okunojima Poison Gas Factory (poison gas workers), who have a high incidence of lung cancer, and the efficacy of administration of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS) was studied. In comparison with normal controls and poison gas workers receiving N-CWS, lymphocyte proliferation in poison gas workers not receiving N-CWS showed a significant decrease, while IL-2 production showed a slight though not statistically significant decrease. When N-CWS was administered to poison gas workers, IL-2 production and lymphocyte proliferation were significantly elevated, with a peak two weeks after administration. N-CWS, by elevating IL-2 production of lymphocytes, is considered to have improved the depression of lymphocyte proliferation.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the combination of C6-1.2 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) (established in our laboratory), which is specifically reactive with Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL), and cell-wall skeleton of Propionibacterium acnes C7 (P. acnes-CWS) would significantly decrease established spontaneous metastases of 3LL. C6-1.2 MoAb combined with intratumoral (or intralesional) injection of P. acnes-CWS, when administered at an early stage of the experiment, showed a significant reduction of lung metastases in 3LL-bearing mice. The treatment modality of C6-1.2 MoAb alone did not decrease the lung tumor colonies. On the other hand, the combined treatment of intravenous injection of P. acnes-CWS and C6-1.2 MoAb did not significantly reduce the lung metastases of 3LL tumors in 3LL-bearing mice compared with the treatment of P. acnes-CWS alone. In contrast, when the primary tumor was surgically removed, the most remarkable reduction of lung metastases was observed by the combination of intravenous administration of both C6-1.2 MoAb and P. acnes-CWS. We concluded that the antimetastatic activity of C6-1.2 MoAb and P. acnes-CWS varies depending on the injection route, and also that surgical excision of the primary tumor can lead to remarkable reduction of 3LL lung metastases.
The technique of immunofluorescent visualization of the microtubular skeleton of human lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors and immobilized on Concanavalin A--precoated slides was used. These lymphocyte monolayers are suitable for extraction and employment of indirect immunofluorescence. Using a monoclonal antitubulin antibody, one can visualize the MT apparatus of control human lymphocytes as an organizing centre with attached beamlike structures. Lymphocytes treated with ATG or monoclonal OKT 3 antibody in vitro manifest changes in the shape of cells, inhibition of the blast-like cell formation, and an atypical MT system: disturbance or even disappearance of the beamlike structure, formation of bundles and "caps" resulting, in some cases, in shedding of a part of cytoplasm. Rabbit ATG binds to all the cells of the monolayer, and can be shown even after cell extraction. Control experiments with nonspecific rabbit or murine IgG did not induce any of the above changes. Reorganization of the MT apparatus of human lymphocytes affected by ATG or OKT 3 in vitro can be explained either by a direct association of antigenic determinant with MT, or by the persistence or/and internalization and further processing of immune complexes of antigenic membrane determinants with specific antibodies.
This is a retrospective study of 80 patients with major central and lateral middle third fractures of facial skeleton treated at University Hospital from 1981 to 1985. The most common was the fractures of zygomatic complex. The peak incidence was in the 20-29 year age group and males were involved more than females (ratio 9: 1). Road traffic accidents were to be blamed for most of the fractures which was 82.25%.
Animal scavenging activity can result in production of tooth mark artifacts. Such activity can confound interpretation of skeletal material and the identification process. To date, these topics have received limited attention in the forensic science literature. This study discusses the nature of various animal tooth mark artifacts and typical damage to selected bony elements. This study also assesses survivability of various skeletal elements over time. Two major factors that affect which bones are recovered and the amount of damage are circumstances which shelter remains from animals and human population density of the area where the skeleton is recovered.
One hundred and ten human embryos 6-9 weeks of the intrauterine development have been investigated. Sequence of anatomical differentiation of the skeleton in the composition of the upper and lower extremities has been stated. Quantitative changes of the parameters of each anlage at successive stages of the development are analyzed. Equations of regression are obtained, owing to them it is possible to determine age of human embryos and early fetuses in dependence on size of separate fragments of the extremities.
The authors report three cases of benign tumours of the occipito-cervical skeleton, remarkable for their rarity and especially by their unusual, even exceptional anatomic site: an osteoid osteoma, a pre-medullary chondroma and an extra-dural exostosis developing within a hereditary multiple disease. This presentation which allows to recall a few epidemiological and diagnostic problems is essentially focused on operative strategy and particularly on the choice of the best way to cope with surgical difficulties to be met. The osteoid osteoma whose diagnosis is difficult raises two surgical problems: the relation with the vertebral artery and the preservation of the atlanto-occipital joint. An approach through limited occipital craniotomy has allowed a perfect control of the vertebral artery and a complete removal without joint damage. Pre-medullary chondroma: a complete removal has been performed through the anterior way as described in rare observations of the literature. Post operatively, the patient had a complete neuro-orthopedic recovery. The antero-lateral exostosis has been removed through the posterior way by first resecting the basis of implantation, which has allowed the mobilization of the lesion without cord damage. Results have been good in the three cases both from neurological and orthopedic points of view.
The author describes three systems for (1) the treatment of mandibular fractures; (2) the treatment of midface fractures, for reconstructive surgery of the facial skeleton and the skull, and for orthognathic surgery; and (3) the reconstruction of mandibular defects including condyle replacement.