Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,459 records · Page 81Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Effects of pretreatment with androgen or thyroid hormone on androgen-induced proliferation of granular convoluted tubular cells in mouse submandibular glands.

The effects of pretreatment with androgen or thyroid hormone on androgen-induced proliferation of granular convoluted tubular cells (GCT cells) in the submandibular glands of ovariectomized female BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were investigated. The proliferation of GCT cells was estimated by their labeling index. Daily injections of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (100 micrograms/mouse/day) caused a transient increase in the labeling index of GCT cells of ovariectomized 60-day-old BALB/c mice during the first four injections, but injections of thyroxine (T4) (15 micrograms/mouse/day) did not. On the other hand, both DHT and T4 increased the esteroprotease activity, a marker of the differentiation of GCT cells, time dependently. Injections of DHT into ovariectomized 102-day-old BALB/c mice also caused a transient increase in the labeling index of GCT cells. However, pretreatment of ovariectomized 60-day-old BALB/c mice with DHT for 4 or 14 days completely abolished the DHT-induced increase in the labeling index of 102-day-old mice, and pretreatment with T4 for 14 days reduced this increase. Pretreatment with DHT or T4 for 14 days did not affect the DHT-induced increase in esteroprotease activity. Pretreatment of ovariectomized 60-day-old C57BL/6 mice with DHT for 14 days also completely abolished the DHT-induced increase in the labeling index of GCT cells at the age of 102 days, but pretreatment with T4 for 14 days did not affect the increase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Inhibition of rat parotid and submandibular gland functions by ofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.

While fluoroquinolones are widely used in the treatment of various infectious disease, not enough attention has been paid to their adverse effects on salivary glands functions. In the present study, the effects of ofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, on rat parotid and submandibular gland functions, were examined in an acute experiment. Ofloxacin (OFLX) was administered intraperitoneally at various doses (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg). Pure parotid and submandibular saliva were collected intraorally by microployethylene tubes under anaesthesia using a dissecting microscope. Flow rate, amylase activity, total protein, and calcium concentrations were reduced by all doses of OFLX (20, 40, 80 mg/kg, P < 0.01) in parotid saliva. In parotid saliva, sodium and potassium were increased by doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg (P < 0.01) and 20, 40, 80 mg/kg (P < 0.01) respectively. In submandibular saliva, flow rate, total protein and calcium concentrations were significantly reduced by all doses (20, 40, 80 mg/kg, P < 0.01). Sodium and potassium concentrations were also increased by a dose of 80 mg/kg, (P < 0.05) in submandibular saliva. It is concluded that ofloxacin inhibits rat salivary gland functions, which might be observed as a side-effect in humans. Properties of fluoroquinolones to alter intracellular cAMP and calcium levels and their ability to suppress DNA, RNA and protein synthesis of acinar cells might be possible reasons for the observed changes.

Amylases↗
PubMed1996

Molecular cloning and characterization of the gene encoding rat submandibular gland apomucin, Mucsmg.

Mucin glycoproteins are a major constituent of salivary secretions and play a primary role in the protection of the oral cavity. Rat submandibular glands (RSMG) synthesize and secrete a low molecular weight (114 kDa) mucin glycoprotein. We have isolated, partially sequenced, and characterized the gene which encodes the RSMG apomucin. The gene is encoded by three exons of 106 nt, 69 nt, and 991 nt, separated by introns of 921 nt and 12.5 kb. CAAT and TATA elements are present, at -68 and -26, respectively, in the 5' flanking sequence of the RSMG apomucin gene. The tandem repeat domain present in exon III consists of ten tandem repeats of 39 nt encoding the consensus sequence PTTDSTTPAPTTK. Sequence comparison and organization of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the tandem repeats of two alleles for this gene suggests that the apomucin gene has undergone recombinational events during its evolution. No significant sequence similarity was found with other mucin genes, or with other known salivary gland-specific genes. The gene was localized to rat chromosome 14 using somatic cell hybrids that segregate rat chromosomes. Since this, to our knowledge, represents the first RSMG mucin gene cloned, we have designated this gene Mucsmg.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Cellular and subcellular colocalization of nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor in mouse submandibular glands.

Immunocytochemical methods have been used to compare the cellular and subcellular distribution of nerve growth factor (NGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in mouse submandibular glands. Rabbit antisera raised against purified proteins were characterized by immunoblot methods and were used to stain sections of salivary glands embedded in plastic. For light microscopy, antibodies were visualized by indirect immunofluorescence. For electron microscopy, thin sections were treated simultaneously with IgG against NGF and EGF coupled to colloidal gold particles of different size. Data indicate that NGF and EGF are present in all granular convoluted tubule cells and in no other cell type within the salivary gland. Ultrastructural analyses indicate that NGF and EGF are evenly distributed together within mature secretory granules, although a population of small granules was identified that is not immunoreactive for either protein. Taken together, the data suggest that granular convoluted tubule cells are homogeneous in the production and storage of NGF and EGF.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Quality of salivary tears following autologous submandibular gland transplantation for severe dry eye.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to characterise the composition of the pre-ocular fluid after transplantation of the autologous submandibular gland (SMG) for patients with severe dry eye. METHODS: Stimulated and unstimulated pre-ocular fluid from 15 patients (17 eyes) with a viable SMG graft ("SMG-salivary tears"), as well as normal tears and SMG saliva (20 normal subjects/ 20 eyes), was sampled. As global tear parameters, fern pattern analysis and SDS gel electrophoresis were performed. As specific quality parameters, total protein content, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), lysozyme, amylase, sodium, potassium and osmolality were measured using routine laboratory methods. The flow rate of SMG-salivary tears was determined in 5 patients by means of sequential scintillography. RESULTS: The fern pattern of SMG-salivary tears was coarse and thus more similar to normal SMG saliva than tears. SDS gel electrophoresis of the SMG-salivary tears showed albumin and two unidentified proteins in addition to the normal tear pattern. Osmolality and total protein content of SMG-salivary tears were higher than in normal SMG saliva, but still lower than in normal tears. High activities of normal tear antibacterial proteins (SIgA, lysozyme and amylase) were detected in the salivary tears. Stimulation of the secretion did not alter the composition of SMG-salivary tears. The flow rate of SMG-salivary tears was closer to that of normal tears than normal SMG saliva. CONCLUSION: Salivary tears resulting from SMG-transplantation represent condensed SMG saliva. Thus their quality is intermediate between normal tears and normal SMG saliva. High levels of secretory proteins demonstrate that the gland maintains an active function. Surgical denervation and residual tear components from the ocular surface are the most likely factors to cause the complex differences between normal SMG saliva and SMG-salivary tears. The effects of this secretion on the ocular surface are currently being evaluated in a clinical and laboratory study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Neonatal rat submandibular gland protein SMG-A and parotid secretory protein are alternatively regulated members of a salivary protein multigene family.

Submandibular gland-A (SMG-A) is a major secretory product of the neonatal rat submandibular gland but is not synthesized by the acinar cells of the adult gland. The leucine-rich protein is a predominant product of the adult rat parotid gland. Preliminary data had indicated that the leucine-rich protein and SMG-A might be identical proteins whose expression was differently regulated in the parotid and submandibular salivary glands. cDNA clones encoding SMG-A and the leucine-rich protein were identified by homology to a major mouse parotid gland product, parotid secretory protein (PSP), and characterized. The leucine-rich protein shares extensive sequence homology with mouse PSP throughout its 5'-untranslated, protein coding and 3'-untranslated regions, prompting our suggestion that it should henceforth be referred to as rat PSP. SMG-A is more divergent, having greatest identity with rat and mouse PSP in its signal peptide and 3'-untranslated sequences. Transcripts homologous to SMG-A and rat PSP, but more closely related to SMG-A, were identified in rat sublingual gland by Northern blot analysis. These findings indicate that rat SMG-A and PSP arise from alternatively regulated members of a multigene family.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Quality of salivary tears following autologous submandibular gland transplantation for severe dry eye.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to characterise the composition of the pre-ocular fluid after transplantation of the autologous submandibular gland (SMG) for patients with severe dry eye. METHODS: Stimulated and unstimulated pre-ocular fluid from 15 patients (17 eyes) with a viable SMG graft ("SMG-salivary tears"), as well as normal tears and SMG saliva (20 normal subjects/20 eyes), was sampled. As global tear parameters, fern pattern analysis and SDS gel electrophoresis were performed. As specific quality parameters, total protein content, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), lysozyme, amylase, sodium, potassium and osmolality were measured using routine laboratory methods. The flow rate of SMG-salivary tears was determined in 5 patients by means of sequential scintillography. RESULTS: The fern pattern of SMG-salivary tears was coarse and thus more similar to normal SMG saliva than tears. SDS gel electrophoresis of the SMG-salivary tears showed albumin and two unidentified proteins in addition to the normal tear pattern. Osmolality and total protein content of SMG-salivary tears were higher than in normal SMG saliva, but still lower than in normal tears. High activities of normal tear antibacterial proteins (SIgA, lysozyme and amylase) were detected in the salivary tears. Stimulation of the secretion did not alter the composition of SMG-salivary tears. The flow rate of SMG-salivary tears was closer to that of normal tears than normal SMG saliva. CONCLUSION: Salivary tears resulting from SMG-transplantation represent condensed SMG saliva. Thus their quality is intermediate between normal tears and normal SMG saliva. High levels of secretory proteins demonstrate that the gland maintains an active function. Surgical denervation and residual tear components from the ocular surface are the most likely factors to cause the complex differences between normal SMG saliva and SMG-salivary tears. The effects of this secretion on the ocular surface are currently being evaluated in a clinical and laboratory study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Improved synthesis of CMP-sialates using enzymes from frog liver and equine submandibular gland.

An efficient method for the preparation of CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid using crude or partially purified CTP:N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase from equine submandibular gland or frog liver is described. The yield of the sugar nucleotide after purification by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration was 95%. The compound was studied by 360 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy in addition to the usual chemical and physical analyses. The preparation of radioactive or unlabelled CMP 4-O-methyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid, which is not known to occur in nature, was achieved in 17% yield with the aid of the equine enzyme.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Prt-4 and Prt-5: new constituents of a gene cluster on chromosome 7 coding for esterproteases in the submandibular gland of the house mouse (Mus musculus).

The heredity and linkage of gene loci were established for two different enzymes with esterproteolytic activity from mouse submandibular gland: protease A and protease E. Based upon strain distribution and biochemical properties of the two esterproteases, the existence of two corresponding structural loci is proposed: Prt-4 (protease A) and Prt-5 (protease E). Prt-4 and Prt-5 proved to be different from Tam-1. From a four-point-cross, the gene order Gpi-1-(Tam-1, Prt-4, Prt-5)-c is suggested. Thus a gene cluster was shown to exist on chromosome 7 coding for esterproteases, all of which are controlled by testosterone.

Alleles↗
PubMed1995

Morphology of rat submandibular gland acinar secretory granules and their alteration during the acute phase of experimental Chagas' disease.

In a morphometric study at the electron microscope level immature submandibular glands of 8 normal male Holtzman rats were compared to those of 12 rats (46 days old) infected with the Y strain of Trypanosoma cruzi at day 18 of infection. In the fasted animals, the acinar cells of controls exhibited a variety of morphological types of immature secretory granules with lamellar substructure composed of swirling cords of electron-dense material, whereas in the infected rats mature secretory granules containing dense aggregates of short or long filamentous material were more abundant. These results suggest an acceleration of acinar maturation in infected animals.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Chronoimmunohistochemical localization of epidermal growth factor in the submandibular gland of male rats.

Chronobiological oscillation was established for epidermal growth factor (r-EGF) in granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells of the male rat submandibular gland (SMG) using immunohistochemistry. The high amplitude oscillation with a peak at 9 p.m. and low amplitude oscillation during the day time was noted. The distribution pattern of the r-EGF in the GCT segment was time-dependent, as it was seen at 3 p.m. when many cells with r-EGF staining were detectable. The higher reactivity during the activity phase of the rats may correlate with the intracellular biosynthesis of r-EGF required for cell proliferation and maintenance of ductal integrity. The chronobiological oscillation pattern of r-EGF seems to be important for the maintenance of ductal integrity and wound healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Modulation of thyroid hormone-dependent Na+,K(+)-ATPase induction in cultured human submandibular gland cell lines, HSG cells.

The hormonal regulation of Na+,K(+)-ATPase enzyme activities and induction of the alpha subunit protein of the enzyme in the human submandibular gland (HSG) were studied by use of cultured HSG cells. We treated HSG cells with thyroid hormone, androgen, mineralocorticoid, and glucocorticoid, singly or in combination. 3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine (T3), 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and aldosterone (Ald) induced neither Na+,K(+)-ATPase enzyme activity nor its protein. On the other hand, dexamethasone (Dex) induced both Na+,K(+)-ATPase enzyme activity and the alpha subunit protein level to 128% of the control. The effects of Dex in combination with either T3 or DHT were similar to the effect of Dex alone. Treatment in combination with Dex and Ald increased the enzyme activity and alpha subunit protein level to 160%, synergistically. These increased Na+,K(+)-ATPase enzyme activities were shown to be dependent on their protein levels induced by the hormones. Contrary to the previous evidence that Na+,K(+)-ATPase of ducts in the salivary gland are thyroid hormone inducible, HSG cells had an insignificant response to thyroid hormone in the present study. Also, Na+,K(+)-ATPase enzyme activity and its alpha subunit protein were not induced by any kind of combined treatments with T3. Furthermore, T3 did not cause intracellular calcium mobilization in HSG cells. In view of all data taken together, we suggest that HSG cells lack the thyroid hormone receptor, which is necessary for Na+,K(+)-ATPase induction in human salivary gland.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphometric and stereologic study of changes in the submandibular gland of mice with hypervitaminosis A].

Daily administration of 150 IU vitamin A/gram of body weight in mice, during 10 days, led the authors to observe: submandibular glands showed acini of slightly reduced size, with lower cells whose contours were not always sharp and containing smaller number of cytoplasmic granules. The nuclei of the acinar cells were reduced in volume. The granulose ducts were similar to those of the controls in size but showed signs of degeneration as well as cell nuclei of reduced volume. The striated ducts were smaller than those of the controls, while the excretory ducts were dilated, with lower cells and nuclei of reduced volume. General examination showed that the hypervitaminotic animals had more abundant connective stroma than the controls. The glandular structures were studied morphometrically and estereologically.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Distribution of VIP receptors in the human submandibular gland: an immunohistochemical study.

Distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactive nerve fibers and VIP-receptor (VIP-R)-immunoreactive sites in the human submandibular gland were examined by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method using the specimens taken from patients that had not received radiotherapy. VIP-immunoreactive fibers were found around both serous and mucous acini, the duct system, and those around the mucous acini were more numerous than those around the serous acini. VIP-R immunoreactivity was restricted to the mucous acini and the intercalated duct segment. The serous acini, striated duct, and excretory ducts lacked VIP-R immunoreactivity. These findings suggest that the mucous acinar cells contain VIP-R, and that VIP-R-mediated VIP action is involved in regulating synthesis of viscous saliva and its release.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Effect of thyroxine administration on the expression of epidermal growth factor in the kidney and submandibular gland of neonatal mice. An immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization study.

The effect of T4 administration on epidermal growth factor (EGF) expression in kidney and submandibular glands (SMG) was studied in newborn mice. EGF messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance and EGF immunoreactivity were assessed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques, respectively. T4 treatment on days 0-6 augmented both the in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical signals in kidney but not in SMG on day 7. By contrast, T4 injections on days 7-14 did not alter the in situ hybridization or immunocytochemical signals in kidney but increased both signals in SMG on day 15. Thus, neonatal T4 treatment augments the levels of EGF mRNA as well as EGF immunoreactivity in both kidney and SMG. The T4 effect is manifested during the first week in kidney whereas the SMG responds to T4 treatment only during the second week of life.

Aging↗
PubMed1999

Relation of preoperative sialographic findings with histopathological diagnosis in cases of obstructive sialadenitis of the parotid and submandibular glands: retrospective study.

The clinical records, preoperative sialograms and histopathological slides of 33 patients who had been operated on for symptoms of obstructive salivary gland disease were reviewed. Twenty patients had had superficial parotidectomy and 13 excision of the submandibular gland. Among those who had required parotidectomy, preoperative sialograms tended to suggest more architectural damage than was actually noted on definitive histopathological examination. Patients whose symptoms had been present for longer had more severe sialographic and histopathological changes. In the submandibular group, there was a closer relation between sialographic and histopathological changes, and a positive correlation between a short history and the severity of histopathological grading. These differences may reflect the different aetiology and course of obstructive disease in the two types of gland.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunolocalization of centriole-associated striated rootlets in human submandibular gland cells with and without solitary cilia.

Using an antibody specific to striated rootlets, we investigated the immuolocalization of striated rootlets in cells constituting human submandibular glands. Striated rootlets were positively stained in all cell types constituting acini, intercalated ducts, striated ducts, and interlobular ducts, but their shapes were different. The mean lengths of striated rootlets were 1.46 +/- 0.49, 3.15 +/- 1.35 and 3.99 +/- 1.02 microm in acinar secretory cells, myoepithelial cells, and columnar cells of the striated duct, respectively. The rootlets were the longest in columnar cells of the striated duct, in which paired centrioles were located in the apical cytoplasm away from nuclei. These findings suggest that striated rootlets play important roles in the positioning of centrioles in the cell. 2-8% of striated rootlets in myoepithelial cells were associated with solitary cilia, but they were not associated with solitary cilia in acinar cells and columnar cells of the striated duct. These observations suggest that striated rootlets may be associated with centrioles under normal physiological conditions, without formation of solitary cilia.

Centrioles↗