Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SELF CONCEPT”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,459 records · Page 81Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Treatment-related change in sex roles of addicted men and women.

To investigate differences in sex-role self-concept and self-esteem for men and women substance misusers and to examine sex-role change during treatment, pretreatment and posttreatment PRF Andro Scale scores were obtained from 108 inpatients at an addiction treatment center. Significant sex differences occurred in masculinity and femininity, with significant change during treatment in masculinity and self-esteem. Change during treatment was toward a more balanced self-perception, with addicted men being more atypical than women. Comparisons are made with recently published related data and it is suggested that addicted men may experience more role conflict than do addicted women.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Group psychotherapy: benefits in multiple sclerosis.

This study investigates the relationship between group psychotherapy and the psychologic adjustment of patients with a primary diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). It was speculated that such a program would decrease both patient depression and anxiety, at the same time increasing self-concept and self-direction. Forty-one hospitalized MS patients were screened for mental status, then administered a test battery consisting of the Depression 30, IPAT Anxiety Scale, Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Following this, patients were matched into triads on the basis of pretest scores. Each member of the triad was then randomly assigned to one of three groups: insight-oriented, current events, control (nontreatment). At the end of 50 group sessions, all patients were reassessed using the same test battery. Results were analyzed by means of analysis of covariance and the nonparametric Friedman test. Post-hoc procedures were performed with the following results: 1) the insight-oriented therapy group was significantly less depressed than both the current events group and the control group and 2) both the therapy and the current events groups were significantly more internally oriented than the control. Not only does group therapy per se seem to benefit the MS patient, but any supervised group involvement appears to improve significantly patient emotional state.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Witnessing domestic violence during childhood and adolescence: implication for pediatric practice.

The traditional role of the pediatrician, which consisted primarily of making diagnoses and prescribing treatments for specific disease entities in children, has expanded dramatically to include psychosocial aspects of health care as well as problems that are primarily psychological, emotional, or social in nature and that extend in various ways to the family and to the child's environment. One of these problems has been identified as the manner in which witnessing domestic violence, a significant and relatively commonplace event for many children today, affects child development and behavior. This paper reviews our existing knowledge of such events and explores how exposure to conflict and violence plays a major role in how children learn to relate to others, how they develop their self-concept and self-control, and how they interact with dating and marital partners in the future. We conclude with a discussion of the role of the pediatrician in interviewing children and other family members and in identifying appropriate avenues for prevention and treatment. Major recommendations derived from this paper include: decreasing the attitudinal barriers to exploring this issue; increasing sensitivity to clinical features and behavioral symptoms of children who witness domestic violence; and increasing knowledge of available resources for treatment and prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Emotional adaptation in children after liver transplantation.

The emotional adaptation of 25 children who had undergone successful liver transplantation at least 1 year previously was evaluated and compared with that of a control group of 26 children with diabetes mellitus, matched for age, gender, and socioeconomic status, and with reported normative values. With the use of parent- and self-report measures, emotional adaptation was assessed in terms of behavioral adjustment (Child Behavior Checklist), depressive experiences (Children's Depression Inventory), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children), and self-concept (Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale). Similar variables were also assessed by a projective personality measure (Rorschach). We found minimal differences in emotional adjustment between liver transplant and diabetic groups; on self-report measures, the adjustment of those with liver transplants was as good as, or better than, that of normative samples. However, on other tests, children with transplants differed from normative samples. On projective measures, liver transplant recipients had an increased number of depressive experiences, situationally related internal distress, and a greater tendency toward negative self-focus and evaluation. We conclude that in pediatric liver transplant recipients, behavioral and emotional adjustment is as good as in children with another chronic illness; in comparison with physically well children, the transplant recipients have subtle signs of emotional difficulties.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Vital exhaustion as a risk factor of myocardial infarction: a case-control study in Venezuela.

In this study, 32 first myocardial infarction (MI) cases and 42 healthy controls were compared with respect to vital exhaustion (VE), a state characterized by loss of energy, increased irritability, and feelings of demoralization. This state has been found to precede the onset of cardiac events. Participants also responded to questionnaires on Type A behavior, anger expression (Anger In, Anger Out, and Anger Control), and positive and negative self-concept. Results showed that VE discriminated well between MI patients and controls (Odds Ratio [OR] = 15.42, 95% confidence interval = 3.92-60.67) even when controlling for age, smoking, and exercise. The odds ratio decreased to 12.34 when controlling for socioeconomic status. Groups also differed in Anger In but not in Anger Control, Anger Out, negative or positive self-concept. Anger In was correlated to VE in all participants pointing to the relevance of withholding emotions in relation to exhaustion. Exhaustion was strongly associated with negative self-concept in the MI cases group only but significantly discriminated between cases and controls when adjusted for negative self-concept. Summarizing, the results show that, as has previously been found in other countries, in Venezuela VE is a precursor of MI.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Learning disabilities in the junior high school: creating the six-hour emotionally disturbed adolescent?

Special education programs for the learning disabled, junior high school adolescent must ecologically analyze and address the myriad variables which potentially affect self-concept. The present article reviews and coordinates recent literature which has investigated the interaction between learning disabled adolescents' self-concept and academic, peer, family, and community systems. A unique behavioral pattern, the six-hour emotionally disturbed/learning disabled adolescent may result from continuous, negative self-concept experiences. This pattern occurs when learning disabled adolescents develop expectations of constant academic or social failure, choose to avoid these situations, and engage in maladaptive, "emotionally disturbing" behaviors as protective mechanisms. In the family and/or community systems, however, these students can be socially and adaptively successful. Preventive programming for the learning disabled, junior high school adolescent is discussed across the above interdependent systems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Self-discrepancies and persecutory delusions: evidence for a model of paranoid ideation.

The self-discrepancies of paranoid patients, depressed patients, and nonpatients were examined using a modified version of Higgins's Selves Questionnaire (E. T. Higgins, 1987). Nonpatients showed high consistencies between all domains of the self-concept, whereas depressed patients showed marked self-discrepancies. Paranoid patients alone displayed a high degree of consistency between self-perceptions and self-guides together with discrepancies between self-perceptions and the believed perceptions of parents about the self. Paranoid patients also believed that their parents had more negative views of them than did other participants. These findings are consistent with R. P. Bentall, P. Kinderman, and S. Kaney's (1994) model, which assumes that persecutory delusions are a product of attributional processes serving to maintain a positive explicit self-concept.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Two views of self-rated general health status.

Global self-evaluations of health have proven to be sensitive predictors of morbidity and mortality. Yet researchers have only a limited understanding of how these self-evaluations are reached. This research compares two interpretations of self-rated health, as reflecting either a spontaneous assessment of one's health status and related practices, or an aspect of one's enduring self-concept. Using longitudinal data from successive waves of the National Population Health Survey in Canada (Statistics Canada, 1994-95, 1996-97, NPHS public use microdata documentation. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada; n = 7505), our analysis tests a model of change in self-rated health as predicted by respondents' baseline physical and mental health symptoms, social support, leisure physical activity, smoking, body mass index, and 2-yr changes in these characteristics. As in past research, self-rated health was sensitive to improvement or decline in these predictors. Much of the explained variance, however, was unique to respondents' self-rated health 2 yr earlier. Moreover, the effect of several predictors on respondents' self-rated health varied according to whether respondents intended to improve specific health-related behaviours in the future. These findings suggest that self-rated health is not only a spontaneous assessment of one's health status and related practices; like a self-concept, self-rated health may be regulated by efforts to achieve one's relatively important health-related goals.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Correlates of health locus of control in an older, disabled group.

The relationships between health-specific locus of control and self-concept, functional disability, and selected demographic measures were examined in a group of 111 (93 male, 18 female) older, institutionalized veterans. It was hypothesized that internal control would correlate with two self-concept measures, global self-esteem and physical self-concept, and with lower rated disability. Both hypotheses were partially supported. Internality correlated with greater educational attainment, externality with greater length of stay in the institution.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2003

Functions of parent-child reminiscing about emotionally negative events.

Parent-child reminiscing about negative experiences influences children's developing "emotional self-concept", which comprises three interrelated functions: self-defining (this is the kind of emotional person I am), self-in-relation (this is how I express and share my emotions with others), and coping (this is how I cope with and resolve negative emotion). In this study, we examined how 70 mostly white, middle-class mothers discuss three negative experiences (fear, anger, and sadness) with their 4-year-old children. Conversations about fear elaborate on the facts of the event and emotional resolutions, thus focusing on coping. Conversations about sadness contain evaluative feedback and emotional resolutions, thus focusing on self-in-relation and coping. Finally, conversations about anger highlight the emotional state itself, thus focusing on self-definition. Mothers are also more elaborative and more evaluative with daughters than with sons, and place emotional events in a more interpersonal context with daughters than sons. Thus girls may be forming a more elaborated and more interpersonal emotional self-concept than boys.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Agreeable fancy or disagreeable truth? Reconciling self-enhancement and self-verification.

Three studies asked why people sometimes seek positive feedback (self-enhance) and sometimes seek subjectively accurate feedback (self-verify). Consistent with self-enhancement theory, people with low self-esteem as well as those with high self-esteem indicated that they preferred feedback pertaining to their positive rather than negative self-views. Consistent with self-verification theory, the very people who sought favorable feedback pertaining to their positive self-conceptions sought unfavorable feedback pertaining to their negative self-views, regardless of their level of global self-esteem. Apparently, although all people prefer to seek feedback regarding their positive self-views, when they seek feedback regarding their negative self-views, they seek unfavorable feedback. Whether people self-enhance or self-verify thus seems to be determined by the positivity of the relevant self-conceptions rather than their level of self-esteem or the type of person they are.

Feedback↗
PubMed1985

Self-esteem of abused children.

Thirty-seven children admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of abuse at an average of 5.5 years previously were compared with 37 non-abused children matched for age, sex, ethnic group, school and social class. The mean age of the children with 8.9 years (range 4.6-14.0 years). Self-esteem in the children was assessed by means of a structured interview with the child and the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale. The abused children saw themselves as having significantly fewer friends than the comparison children and they played with friends less often. They were less ambitious than the non-abused children with regard to the sort of occupation they would like as adults and were significantly lower in self-concept on the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale. These results show that, as well as providing treatment for abusive parents, a long-term program which aims at improving interpersonal relationship skills and self-esteem is required for abused children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Relationship between self-image and depression in adolescents.

The study investigated the relationship between self-concept and depression among 202 adolescents using a multidimensional measure of self-concept, the Offer Self-image Questionnaire, and the Children's Depression Scale. Correlations were significant and low to moderate (range from .24 to .67) for both 63 boys and 139 girls.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Self-talk for the licensed practical/vocational nurse.

There are varied opinions on the commonness of self-talk. Some feel self-talk is engaged in more by persons who feel insecure and question their performance (Cauchon, 1994). Others feel self talk is a process people use continually to describe and interpret the world, accurate or inadequate as the case may be. (Hansen, Rhode, and Wolf-Wilets, 1991; Braiker, 1989). Regardless of how much self-talk the Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse is aware of in interactions with clients, staff, and intraphysically, it is important to assess thoughts for their logic or illogic. Illogical thoughts should be replaced by positive words of encouragement which will in turn raise the client's, staff members or Licensed Practical Nurse's feeling of self concept and level of self-confidence. Making self-talk positive is always good professional practice.

Communication↗
PubMed1979

Psychosocial aspects of extremely obese women joining a diet group.

Fifty-eight women, desiring to lose at least 45 kg, participated in a diet group and completed a battery of personality inventories. Their scores differed significantly from normative data on several subscales of the personality inventories. As a group, these extremely obese women scored low on the Tennessee self-concept scales, particularly on the physical self-concept scale. On the Edwards personal preference schedule, they scored low on the deference, order, affiliation, nurturance, and endurance scales, and high on the dominance and heterosexuality scales. On the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory, they scored high on the depression, hysteria, psychopathic deviate, and paranoia scales, and they scored low on the masculinity-feminity scale. The most striking finding was that these extremely obese women, who were not alcoholics, showed scores on alcoholism scales which are typical of an alcoholic population.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Hypersensitivity to social interactions in bulimic syndromes: relationship to binge eating.

This study used a 6- to 22-day experience-sampling procedure to test for hypersensitivity to social interactions in bulimic individuals. Ratings on daily social interactions, self-concepts, moods, and eating behaviors from 55 actively bulimic, 18 formerly bulimic, and 31 noneating-disordered women were obtained. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses showed negative social interactions to be associated with significant increases in self-criticism (SC) and deteriorations in mood in all participants. However, bulimic participants (active or in remission) showed larger increases in SC following negative social interactions than did normal eaters (and thus seemed to be hypersensitive to interpersonal experiences). Additional analyses indicated that binge episodes tended to be preceded by poorer than average social experiences, self-concepts, and moods and followed by deteriorations in self-concept, mood, and social perception. The authors discuss possible perpetuating influences of interpersonal sensitivity in bulimic syndromes.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Coping with disease by the patient. Results of a medico-sociological study of the coping process by cancer patients and possibilities for support by the physician].

The starting point of the following considerations is the result of a previous investigation, which showed that the process of recovery after a surgical operation is influenced to a great extent by the the patient's view of this health condition and his confidence in the recommended therapy. Consequently this article deals with two questions: (1) the patient's role in coping with cancer and its therapy and (2) the doctor's possibilities of supporting the endeavours of the patient in this process. Four different self-concepts of cancer patients as "Healthy", "Chronically Ill", "Dying in a distant future", "Dying in the near future", could be found. As far as the process of coping is concerned: It could be shown that the information about the existence of cancer means a shock to the patient, which shakes the self-concept of the patient, but at the same time is a necessary prerequisite for starting the coping process. According to the confidence the patient has in the suggested therapy and the state of this illness, there are two developments possible: One group of patients overcomes this shock and retains the old self-concept. This group is able to formulate aims for themselves in a clear way (e.g. reaching the former state of health) and works energetically towards reaching them. A second group of patients is--on account of various reasons--not in a position to believe in the therapeutic measures taken. In this situation the information of the patients about having cancer makes a change in the self-concept necessary (e. g. from viewing oneself as a "healthy" person vs., a "dying" person).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adaptation, Psychological↗