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PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of fetal scalp blood pH on the incidence of cesarean section performed for fetal distress.

To determine the impact of fetal scalp blood pH sampling (FSBpH) on the incidence of cesarean section performed for fetal distress, a retrospective clinical study was designed to compare rates of surgical intervention before and after the introduction of FSBpH in 1977. The use of the FSBpH sampling has been shown to decrease the rate of cesarean section as a means of dealing with fetal distress from 78.0% to 57.5% without a significant change in the Apgar score.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1984

Carbon dioxide laser in scalp tumor surgery.

The widespread application of the CO2 laser in surgical treatment of tumor led us to verify its usefulness in selected cases of scalp tumor. Twelve selected patients underwent CO2 laser surgical excision plus vaporization of the wound base for infiltrating tumors during 1980-82. All patients showed associated pathologies that interfered with the traditional surgical excision and with anesthesiological practices. Our experience has confirmed the effectiveness of the laser technique under these conditions and with respect to subsequent plastic restoration.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Immediate total scalp and skull reconstruction.

A patient who required excision of a large basal cell carcinoma was left with a scalp defect measuring 23 cm x 23 cm, associated with an underlying bony defect of 18 cm x 16 cm with a similar dural defect. Simultaneous reconstruction of all three layers was performed using a large free latissimus dorsi flap, titanium strips, and lumbar fascia. A satisfactory cosmetic and functional result was obtained using this technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Reconstruction of refractory defect of scalp and skull using microsurgical free flap transfer.

Ten patients--six with acute burns, two with old accident or surgical trauma, and two with cranial carcinoma--experienced extensive full-thickness necrosis of the scalp and necrosis or defect of underlying skull bone. Microsurgical free flaps were used for the repair. Four latissimus dorsi, two rectus abdominis, one greater omentum, one prefabricated omentum-cutaneous flap, and two vascularized outer-table of the cranial bone flaps were used with complete survival. The heat-devitalized cranial bone covered by living tissue flaps healed well and substantial "regeneration" of previously necrosed bone was shown by roentgenogram, bone scan, and histopathological examination in the postoperative follow-up. Choosing an artery with high perfusion, bypassing from the carotid artery to support a massive free flap, is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Scalp neoplasm associated with cranium bifidum in a 24-week human fetus.

Prenatal ultrasonography at 24 weeks disclosed a fetus with a large mass protruding from the occiput. The mass was an invasive, undifferentiated mesenchymal neoplasm of the scalp associated with a defect in the occipital bone (cranium bifidum). The tumor may have derived from neural crest at the site of rhombencephalic closure. The tumor itself would seem to be a sporadic event, but the cranium bifidum may imply a recurrence risk of 2-3% for future pregnancies.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Supplementary motor area activation preceding voluntary movement is detectable with a whole-scalp magnetoencephalography system.

Despite the fact that the knowledge about the structure and the function of the supplementary motor area (SMA) is steadily increasing, the role of the SMA in the human brain, e.g., the contribution of the SMA to the Bereitschaftspotential, still remains unclear and controversial. The goal of this study was to contribute further to this discussion by taking advantage of the increased spatial information of a whole-scalp magnetoencephalography (MEG) system enabling us to record the magnetic equivalent of the Bereitschaftspotential 1, the Bereitschaftsfeld 1 (BF 1) or readiness field 1. Five subjects performed a complex, and one subject a simple, finger-tapping task. It was possible to record the BF 1 for all subjects. The first appearance of the BF 1 was in the range of -1.9 to -1.7 s prior to movement onset, except for the subject performing the simple task (-1 s). Analysis of the development of the magnetic field distribution and the channel waveforms showed the beginning of the Bereitschaftsfeld 2 (BF 2) or readiness field 2 at about -0.5 s prior to movement onset. In the time range of BF 1, dipole source analysis localized the source in the SMA only, whereas dipole source analysis containing also the time range of BF 2 resulted in dipole models, including dipoles in the primary motor area. In summary, with a whole-head MEG system, it was possible for the first time to detect SMA activity in healthy subjects with MEG.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Cerebral evoked responses to skin warming recorded from human scalp.

Reponses evoked by warming the glabrous palmar skin were recorded maximally from a contralateral parietal scalp site that approximated the hand projection area of sensorimotor cortex. A smaller and later occurring response was also seen at the corresponding ipsilateral site. The temperature to which the skin was adapted was critical and was maintained at 35 degrees C rather at 30 degrees C as it was in an earlier study where no responses were seen. Peak latencies ranged from 280 msec to 356 msec for stimulus intensities of 8 degree C presented at a rate of 19 degrees C/sec. This warm evoked response appeared to have its origin in the specifically sensitive primary warm afferents. The presence of an evoked response when warming occurred from the 35 degrees C adapting temperature (AT) and its absence at the 30 degrees C AT coincide with the greater sensitivity of warm receptors at the higher AT. Comparison of these results with those for evoked responses to skin cooling and tactile tap suggest that the cortical organization of temperature (both warm and cool stimuli) in human is similar to that of touch.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Vascular anomalies of the scalp.

Paediatricians and surgeons of different disciplines are referred vascular anomalies of the scalp from time to time. These rare lesions may produce serious side-effects and the authors review the treatment of these abnormalities illustrated by five cases. Where possible, total excision is the treatment of choice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Scalp aplasia cutis congenita: closure by the L-shaped flap.

A case of aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp with bony defect in a newborn treated by early excision and reconstruction is presented. A recently described versatile minor flap is employed to cover the resultant defect. The advantages of early surgical repair and the flap are highlighted.

Ectodermal Dysplasia↗
PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical and autoradiographic findings suggest that minoxidil is not localized in specific cells of vibrissa, pelage, or scalp follicles.

Immunohistochemistry with a minoxidil antibody suggested that minoxidil-immunoreactivity is associated with the root sheaths, laterally orientated differentiating matrix cells, and dividing epithelial cells of cultured vibrissa follicles of pigmented and albino neonatal mice. The dermal papilla and connective tissue sheath were devoid of minoxidil-immunoreactivity. To verify that minoxodil-immunoreactivity in the follicles was specific, immunostaining was conducted with dissected whisker pads, formalin-fixed "dead" follicles, and sections of spleen, liver and kidney (non-haired organs) cultured with minoxidil. Microscopic examination revealed minoxidil-immunoreactivity in all of these tissues. Follicles and whisker pads cultured with minoxidil, then washed for one h in media were devoid of minoxidil-immunoreactivity. These data suggest that minoxidil-immunoreactivity in cultured vibrissa follicles is probably non-specific. Sections of skin from C3H and CF1 mice which were topically dosed with minoxidil (in vivo) showed no minoxidil-immunoreactivity. Autoradiography demonstrated that tritiated minoxidil was bound in vivo and in vitro only to melanin granules in pigmented follicles of rodent and human tissue. This is probably non-specific binding since melanin is known to accumulate several chemically and pharmacologically unrelated drugs. It is reasonable to conclude that, under the conditions of these experiments, minoxidil is not specifically localized in any cells of whisker, pelage or, scalp follicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Delayed cerebral pseudo-tumoral radionecrosis following scalp-tumour irradiation. Case report and review of literature.

A case of delayed radionecrosis of the brain is reported, following irradiation of a scalp dermatofibrosarcoma. Signs and symptoms were those of an intracranial neoplasm and appeared 5 years after an irradiation dosage of 1890 rets. Twenty-seven similar cases were gathered from a survey of the literature. Surgical excision was the treatment of choice and led to cure or improvement in 20 cases. Analysis of doses and fractionation revealed excessive irradiation in all but one of the cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Congenital desmoid tumor of the scalp: a histologically benign lesion with aggressive clinical behavior.

Desmoid tumors are uncommon benign neoplasms of fibroblastic origin, frequently presenting in the abdomen or abdominal wall of adults. This tumor is well known to general surgeons and pathologists, but it has rarely been reported in the neurosurgical literature. We describe a neonate who presented with a right temporal subscalp tumor at birth. In spite of initial apparent total removal, the tumor recurred twice. We discuss the diagnostic pitfalls encountered in assessing this tumor and the difficulties in distinguishing, in the excised specimens, between desmoid and reactive fibrosis. We suggest that desmoid tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of scalp and calvarial masses in children. Complete excision is required to prevent recurrences, and sometimes a multidisciplinary team is needed to secure margin-free resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Congenital scalp defect with distal limb reduction anomalies.

Congenital scalp defects and distal limb reduction anomalies can occur as separate entities or in combination with other anomalies. They also occur together in an apparently autosomal dominant syndrome, an example of which is described in the present paper. The literature on the subject is reviewed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1990

Human scalp hair as evidence of individual dosage history of haloperidol: a possible linkage of haloperidol excretion into hair with hair pigment.

We report a method for determining haloperidol concentration in human scalp hair and discuss a possible linkage of haloperidol excretion into hair with the hair pigment melanin. First, an animal study was conducted to support the idea that hair contains amounts of haloperidol corresponding to the doses given and pigmented hair contains much more drug than does unpigmented hair. The haloperidol concentration was measured using a radioimmunoassay technique after hairs were dissolved in 2.5 N NaOH solution and the drug extracted. Pigmented and albino rats, whose hair from an area on the back had been removed beforehand by plucking, were administered either 1, 3, or 10 mg of haloperidol (i.p.) per kg body weight every day for 3 weeks. At the end of the administration period hair which had newly grown on the denuded area was plucked and collected. In each of the two groups classified by hair color the drug levels in the hair correlated with the doses given; however, the concentrations in the hair from the albino rats were much lower than those in the hair from the pigmented rats (which was less than 8.5%). Second, black and white hair was collected from each of seven human subjects with grizzled hair, who were receiving or had been administered haloperidol at fixed daily doses for more than 1 month, and the concentration of haloperidol in each type of hair was measured. In the same subject the concentration in the white hair was found to be much lower than that in the black (less than 10%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Deep cerebral invasion by basal cell carcinoma of the scalp.

We report recurrent basal cell carcinoma of the scalp with deep cerebral invasion in an 82-year-old man. Plain films and CT showed extensive, full thickness, skull destruction at the vertex. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI revealed neoplastic invasion of the meninges and left cerebral hemisphere, down to the lateral ventricle. We postulate that tumour extended into the brain along perivascular spaces of transcerebral vessels. This hypothesis is supported by the cleft-like contrast enhancement on MRI.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

The normal scalp topography of the middle latency auditory evoked potential Pa component following monaural click stimulation.

The scalp topography of the middle latency auditory evoked potential (MLAEP) Pa component following left and right ear click stimulation was investigated in 15 normal hearing and neurologically intact right-handed subjects. An unbiased reference was employed. The Pa component showed a broad voltage field that was recorded maximally at the Cz and Fz leads regardless of which ear was stimulated. A broad negative voltage field that occurred coincident in time with the Pa component was recorded posterior to the T3, P3, Pz, P4 and T4 electrode leads. This negative voltage field peaked in amplitude at the T5, O1, Oz, O2, and T6 electrode leads. An unexpected finding was that the peak latency of the Pa component occurred significantly earlier following stimulation of the right ear.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1992

The scalp distribution of the fractal dimension of the EEG and its variation with mental tasks.

The insights gained by the concept of deterministic chaos for the EEG is that this seemingly disordered process may be governed by relatively few simple laws which could be determined. One of the quantitative measures of a complex dynamical system is that of its dimension. The term 'dimension' refers to the ability of a space to contain a set of points. We estimated the correlational dimension of the EEG and compared the outcome to traditional Fourier analyses. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that the EEG can be described as filtered noise. Data from 15 electrode sites and 31 subjects are reported in the present study. We have utilized a variety of tasks that cut across sensory modalities including touch, vision, and imagery which reflect neuropsychological processes that differentially engage areas of the cortex in the first part of the study. In the second part, the differences between the perception of an object and the imagination of the same object were evaluated. The outcome shows variations between scalp sites for all measures and also variations between tasks in terms of dimensionality of the EEG. The hypothesis of a higher dimensionality ("complexity") of imagery compared to actual perceptual processing was confirmed. A statistical comparison between the maps generated by means of the various measures shows that different informations are extracted when using the different measures. There is also statistical evidence that the EEG cannot completely be described by the model of filtered noise.

Adult↗