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PubMedDate not supplied

Detection methods of the drug-addiction and alcoholism treatment programme of the Spanish National Railway Company (RENFE).

BACKGROUND: Social problems in enterprises need to be approached by all groups involved in order to achieve a satisfactory result. With regard to Occupational Health and, specifically, drug-addiction, the groups concerned are Occupational Health Services, Trade Unionists and Managers. OBJECTIVES: To analyse the involvement of the social groups (Occupational Health Service, Management and Trade Unions) in relation to the detection of workers suffering from drug-addiction and/or alcoholism. METHODS: During the first eight years of implementation (1990-1997) of the Drug-Addiction and Alcoholism Treatment Programme of the Spanish National Railway Company (RENFE), a total of 477 workers consuming alcohol and drugs were detected and treated under the Programme (1.1% prevalence), 465 men (97.5%) and 12 women (2.5%), with an average age of 39.8 years. RESULTS: The subjects were detected by occupational physicians (55.4%), occupational psychologists (2.9%), managers (11.3%), trade unionists (19.5%), via self-referral (9.4%) and by other means (1.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the efficiency and the profitability to the company of prevention and treatment interventions and the need for the coordination of managers, trade unions and occupational health services.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Out of the box.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Brazil↗
PubMed2001

Comparing the effects of fatigue and alcohol consumption on locomotive engineers' performance in a rail simulator.

Laboratory studies have established that the performance impairments due to fatigue and alcohol consumption are quantitatively similar. However, the generalisability of this phenomenon is not clear because comparisons have not been made in realistic work settings with experienced shiftworkers. The aim of the current study was to quantify the effects of fatigue on performance in a simulated work environment (i.e. rail simulator) and compare them with the effects of alcohol consumption. It was hypothesised that fatigue would significantly impair driving performance, and that this impairment would be quantitatively similar to that associated with moderate levels of alcohol consumption. Twenty locomotive engineers participated in the study with a randomised cross-over design and three conditions: baseline, fatigue, and alcohol. During each 8-hour condition, participants completed four driving sessions in the rail simulator. The results indicate that fatigue caused participants to disengage from operating the simulator such that safety was traded off, not necessarily deliberately, against efficiency. The impairment in safety due to fatigue was in a range similar to the impairment associated with moderate levels of alcohol consumption. In summary, the study demonstrated that the effects of fatigue in a simulated work environment can be quantified and may be considerable.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Railway use of asbestos-containing rubble: environmental hygienic aspects].

The paper presents the results of a study of the gravimetric and counting concentrations of respirable asbestos fibers while working with sand-and-crushed stone mixtures, obtained from the concentration of chrysotile asbestos, at distances of 25, 50, and 100 m from the working place, as well as in a car saloon when the electric train passes along the area of these operations following an hour, a day, and a year after the completion of work, in warm and colds seasons of a year. It is concluded that the use of asbestos-containing sand-and-crushed stone mixtures on the railway leads to a higher anthropogenic asbestos load on the population living in the railway right-of-way, on railway workers and passengers. In this connection, it is necessary to evaluate risk factors of asbestos-induced diseases among the above contingents. The authors consider that due to the fact that asbestos-containing sand-and-crushed stone mixtures are well wetted with water, followed by the formation of a firm surface crust that prevents dust formation, as well as the short duration and rare frequency of operations relating their change, it is necessary to irrigate the repair areas with water or surfactant liquids after work termination.

Asbestos↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sanitary monitoring of the procedure of cleaning hopper cars after carriage of mineral fertilizers: ecological and hygienic aspects].

The paper presents the results of field tests of a hopper wagon after carriage of mineral fertilizers, which are further to be used for grain carriage. The tests were carried out step by steps: washings from the inner surface of the hopper wagon after carriage of mineral fertilizers in order to identify chemical substances and 12 hours after its abrasive sandblasting; washings from the inner surface, air sampling for filters and into absorbable solutions after completion of wagon blowing 2 hours after dust removal and 30 days after application of an Epovin enamel. It has been concluded that most ions as components of mineral fertilizers were found in the amounts greater than the maximum acceptable concentrations on the walls and inside the hopper wagon after mechanical cleaning of its inner surface of the wagon that carries minerals, as well as its subsequent abrasive sandblasting and blowing.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2003

[Effects of railway noise on residential quarter].

Effects of direct sound and one time reflection of railway noise on residential quarter were mainly considered, and model for prediction of attenuation of railway noise in residential quarter was given in the paper. With the given model, the effects of railway noise on residential quarter were analyzed and compared with measure results, it was shown that the model is suitable for prediction to attenuation of railway noise in residential quarter.

Models, Theoretical↗
PubMed2003

[The case that did not serve to enhance the reputation of the doctors involved].

A complicated and long action for damages is outlined after the train accident in Bramming, Western Jutland, July 1913, where 15 passengers died and 16 passengers were seriously injured. The case came to last for two years, especially due to one doctor's exorbitant fee charged for the treatment of three foreign patients. By this, the doctor came in conflict with his colleagues and the local medical association and filed a suit against the state, which he lost. The case exposed an avaricious doctor and weak collegiate opposition.

Denmark↗
PubMed1992

Salmonella outbreak among railway and airline passengers.

A widespread outbreak by Salmonella infantis, infecting a total of 226 people, occurred in Finland at the beginning of August 1986. Of those infected, 107 were railway passengers, 91 were airline passengers and 28 were employed in a food processing establishment. The outbreak among the railway passengers was caused by egg sandwiches, the airline passengers were infected by a meal served on board and the catering employees by the breakfast served in the establishment. The outbreak was caused by food prepared in the establishment's kitchen. The employees' breakfasts had probably been contaminated by an employee who was a symptom-free Salmonella infantis carrier, and a number of the employees subsequently became infected, leading to widespread contamination of the food prepared in the establishment. The spread of the outbreak was further influenced by a heatwave at the time and by shortcomings in the cold storage facilities. The kitchen's hygiene supervision and the quality control of its output were reorganized after the outbreak.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1992

[Mass disasters in former East Germany--a forensic medicine retrospect].

The authors report the analysis of mass disasters, which had been dealt with by forensic experts, on the territory of the former GDR. The report comes on the initiative of the Society of Forensic Medicine and with the support of regional institutes. For the period 1960 to 1989, 20 events with 738 casualties were registered. The number of victims was particularly high in aviation and rail disasters as well as in the Zwickau mine disaster. The Forensic Institute of the Humboldt-University in Berlin was engaged in the investigation of the three airplane crashes on Berlin territory and near Berlin (Königs-Wusterhausen 1972, Berlin-Bohnsdorf 1986 and Berlin-Schönefeld 1989) as well as of the railway disaster near Lebus in 1977. As a result of the analysis, the experience gained in three decades regarding the planning, organization and realization of the identification of victims is dealt with in more detail. It emphasizes the significance of close cooperation with dentists and criminalists. Because of ethical, legal and criminalistic reasons the aim should always be a complete examination (including autopsy) of the victims as well as their identification.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed1992

[Disasters in former East Germany--experiences and problems of the Leipzig "Identification" Task Group].

Mass-disasters with high numbers of victims are a real challenge to the specialists. The role of forensic experts is generally emphasized. The missions of the Leipzig Taskgroup for identification and the experience gained during them confirm, that special training necessary staff members is. Compared with the general signs of identity, like clothing, jewelry and accessories, scars etc., the marks of ears and observations of forensic odonto-stomatology provide good chances for identification. For forensic odonto-stomatology, we developed computer programs.

Accidents, Aviation↗