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PubMedDate not supplied

Pathway to excellence: a peer based program in continuing education.

Maintaining the professional knowledge and competency needed to practice in today's acute care settings is becoming increasingly difficult. This article introduces a continuing education program developed to assist staff nurses in meeting their learning needs. "Pathway to Excellence: Continuing Professional Education" is a peer education program or nursing education for nurses, by nurses, that can be implemented in all areas of clinical practice.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1991

Organ donation and transplantation: an ethical analysis.

The experience of developing and implementing an organ procurement program for a health care agency is most rewarding. Being so deeply involved in the program development forces one to look at the ethical issues head on in an attempt to deal with them personally. Rather than just study the ethical issues at hand, participation in a program allows one to examine the issues in practice. It is likely that medical technology will continue to advance in scope. Health care professionals must keep abreast of the rapid changes that are occurring and confront the ethical issues involved. Only by confronting these issues can health care professionals begin to realistically resolve concerns and provide support for advances that will ultimately allow for growth in practice.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

Health education leadership development: a conceptual model and competency framework.

A National Public Health Education Leadership Institute was developed through collaboration among national health education professional organizations, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and a school of public health. The institute provides health educators in leadership positions throughout the country access to a 15-month integrated and sequential professional leadership development program. This article presents a conceptual model and competency framework for that program. The model contains elements considered critical for design of leadership programs in public health and can be used by both professional development and academic programs to shape their design of leadership curricula.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What's preventing more prevention? Barriers to development at academic medical centers.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the views of leaders in academic medicine concerning the need for programs in preventive medicine (PM) and the prevailing barriers to program development. DESIGN: Structured interviews. SETTING: Medical schools of the United States. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: 90% of deans and chairpersons of departments of medicine and preventive medicine. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 91% considered academic PM underdeveloped and 100% considered their own programs average or worse. Identified barriers to development included funding constraints, academic partiality to biomedicine, inadequate quality of preventive medicine research and faculty, public preferences for technologic care, and organization of academic medical centers (AMCs). While 80% perceived a shortage of able PM faculty and 60% considered PM research quality to be inadequate, only 12% of PM units gave research training high priority. While 95% of respondents held that AMCs should develop community programs and 75% identified social problems as a cause of chronic diseases, 65% agreed that community programs are not considered scholarly. Only 23% of PM units gave community service high priority. CONCLUSIONS: A policy contradiction exists: academic leadership agreed on the problems and needed changes in PM, yet the problems were often attributed to nonacademic sources, particularly finding and public preferences, and current academic practices commonly fail to address recognized developmental barriers within academic institutions. A chain of barriers is apparent. Breaking the chain may require a change in our understanding of the role of prevention.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1996

AIDS knowledge, teaching comfort, and support for AIDS education among school teachers: a statewide survey.

With development of an effective HIV vaccine still elusive (Blower & McLean 1994; McLean & Blower 1993), the control of HIV infection may depend on our ability to successfully educate diverse groups of adolescents in different communities about homosexuality and other sensitive subject matter. A statewide survey of California teachers (n = 835) indicated that teachers generally were knowledgeable about AIDS, felt comfortable presenting AIDS prevention information to students, and supported AIDS education in schools. Nevertheless, teachers' level of AIDS knowledge, comfort, and support varied by grade and other background characteristics. Elementary teachers were less knowledgeable (p < .001), felt less comfortable teaching (p < .001), and were less supportive of school-based AIDS education (p < .01). Teachers in urban schools (p < .05) and nonwhite teachers (p < .01) also had lower AIDS knowledge relative to other teachers. However, in comparison to surveys conducted in other states, California teachers appeared more knowledgeable of and progressive about AIDS education in the schools. As new school-based HIV and AIDS policies and prevention programs are formulated in the 1990s, teacher input will be critical to effective program development and implementation. To achieve success, it is important that differences in teachers' knowledge, comfort, and support be taken into consideration during both the development and implementation phases of these programs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

Critical incident stress management for persons residing in institutions.

Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) approaches have proven themselves to be effective in mitigating the stress and anxiety that are often found in at-risk populations in the aftermath of traumatic incidents. A frequently overlooked group of persons at risk are those individuals who reside in a variety of institutions. Extensive research spanning a half century has shown these individuals to have heightened sensitivity to anxiety in general and traumatic events in particular. CISM approaches would appear to hold promise in assisting with these residents' needs. This paper outlines a basic CISM approach that could be adopted and adapted by a variety of institutional settings for the special needs of their residents. Preincident, acute care, and postincident response initiatives are presented, and the implications for such program development are discussed.

Crisis Intervention↗
PubMed2006

In-house work opportunities: implications for housing organizations serving persons living With HIV/AIDS.

Finding work and/or re-entering the workforce can be extremely challenging for persons living with HIV/AIDS. Also difficult is assisting them in the process, mostly because there is little documentation or resources about programs that provide vocational services specifically for this population. In response to this dilemma and because it was perceived as a win/win situation, three urban residential community organizations serving the HIV/AIDS population, decided independently to create in-house work opportunities for their clients. All of these organizations are a variation of the same theme: transitional/supportive housing for persons with HIV/AIDS that were formerly homeless and are now interested in becoming increasingly self-sufficient. This article will present a program description that addresses unique manner in which these three sites created in-house job programs in the areas of receptionist, kitchen, and maintenance work. More specifically, this paper will address the strengths, limitations, and ethical considerations that guided program development.

HIV Seropositivity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Weight gain from novel antipsychotic drugs: need for action.

Obesity is common in schizophrenia, and people with schizophrenia appear to be at increased risk for certain obesity-related conditions, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Antipsychotic drugs, used chronically to control symptoms of schizophrenia, are associated with often-substantial weight gain, a side effect that is a special concern with the latest generation of highly effective "novel" agents. That the most effective (e.g., novel) antipsychotic medications lead to substantial weight gain presents the field with a critical public health problem. Although preliminary data have been reported regarding the beneficial use of behavior therapy programs for short-term weight control in patients with schizophrenia, the available data are quite limited, and there are no data regarding the long-term beneficial effects of these programs in this population. The obesity field recently has developed programs emphasizing "lifestyle changes" (e.g., diet, exercise, and problem-solving skills) to successfully manage weight in patients without schizophrenia. Such programs can be adapted for patients with schizophrenia through the use of highly structured and operationalized modules emphasizing medication compliance, social skills development, and participation in outpatient programs. Moreover, these programs can potentially be combined with the use of adjunctive pharmacotherapy to maximize and maintain weight loss. The field must solve the paradox that some of our most effective medications for schizophrenia produce substantial weight gain and its associated troubling health risks.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed2004

A weekend program model for faculty development with primary care physicians.

BACKGROUND: Medical teachers are expected to be proficient at teaching students and residents about the changing health care system. The University of Wisconsin established a faculty development fellowship program to better prepare clinical teachers in family medicine, general pediatrics, and general internal medicine. This paper describes our fellowship program, presents data on program accomplishments, and discusses what we have learned. METHODS: We developed a year-long series of five weekend workshops. A core group of faculty provided 2- to 4- hour sessions on topics including evidence-based medicine, physician leadership, advocacy, doctor-patient communication, quality, technology tools, and teaching skills. Evaluation data were used to shape the program, make improvements, and assess impact. Fellows self-assessed their ability to perform skills at the beginning and ending of the year; paired t tests were used to compare these changes. RESULTS: Attendance and program completion rates were more than 94% for the 84 fellows taught over 6 years. Individual sessions and the overall program were well-rated by fellows. Participants reported improvements in targeted skills; statistical analyses confirmed many significant pre-post improvements. LESSONS LEARNED: To obtain high ratings, faculty must apply adult learning and active learning principles; lectures were not well tolerated. Initial technology skills were often low; computer labs needed many helpers. Participants needed extensive faculty support on their projects. It facilitated coordination and learning to have a core group of fellowship faculty who did most of the teaching. Graduates have become enthusiastic recruiters for new fellows. Our 5-weekend program has proven to be an effective faculty development model.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Local-MP2 electron correlation method for nonconducting crystals.

Rigorous methods for the post-HF (HF-Hartree-Fock) determination of correlation corrections for crystalline solids are currently being developed following different strategies. The CRYSTAL program developed in Torino and Daresbury provides accurate HF solutions for periodic systems in a basis set of Gaussian type functions; for insulators, the occupied HF manifold can be represented as an antisymmetrized product of well localized Wannier functions. This makes possible the extension to nonconducting crystals of local correlation linear scaling On techniques as successfully and efficiently implemented in Stuttgart's MOLPRO program. These methods exploit the fact that dynamic electron correlation effects between remote parts of a molecule (manifesting as dispersive interactions in intermolecular perturbation theory) decay as an inverse sixth power of the distance R between these fragments, that is, much more quickly than the Coulomb interactions that are treated already at the HF level. Translational symmetry then permits the crystalline problem to be reduced to one concerning a cluster around the reference zero cell. A periodic local correlation program (CRYSCOR) has been prepared along these lines, limited for the moment to the solution of second-order Moller-Plesset equations. Exploitation of point group symmetry is shown to be more important and useful than in the molecular case. The computational strategy adopted and preliminary results concerning five semiconductors with tetrahedral structure (C, Si, SiC, BN, and BeS) are presented and discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

A model teacher education program in health occupations at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.

The Health Occupations Teacher Education Program at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, U.S.A. has been shown to be a viable and productive model for the preparation of health occupations teacher for both traditional and non-traditional educational settings. Since 1971 the undergraduate program has grown from twelve students to 30 students on-campus, with more than two hundred students in the extramural and part-time programs. Recruitment has been accomplished through professional association meetings, journals and personal contacts. More recently, persons have heard of the program through extramural classes and from students, graduates or University personnel who have become familiar with the program. Program development has been effected through the "capstone" concept, which allows for transfer of technical credit in one's specialty, capped by teacher education courses and concentrated courses to enhance one's expertise in the teaching role. Courses developed by the HOTEP faculty are based on perceived student needs, and were designed as both integrative and collaborative courses to be taken with other health care practitioners and teachers. Evaluation procedures have shown the health occupations teacher education program to be effective in preparing graduates for their predicted roles. The numbers of new students, kinds of health practitioners, and numbers of graduates have increased steadily. Implementation of courses into the Health Occupations Teacher Education Program curriculum has been gradual, so that the undergraduate core of courses is now considered to be nearly complete. Much curriculum planning has already been completed on the master's program, from which some students have already graduated. A doctoral program is also open to those ready for this level of preparation. More time and effort needs to be and will be expended on courses for the master's and doctoral level programs being developed. This health occupations teacher education has been a transportable model for similar programs begun at several other U.S. universities. Many requests have been received from health occupations teacher educators from other states wishing information on this program. Experience gained in this program shows that there is a need for more health occupations teachers in the State of Illinois (2). More requests are being received both at the program and individual levels. Graduates of the program have attested to the benefits of a multidisciplinary program in its effectiveness for preparation in the health care team concept. Student teaching, according to present students and graduates, is the single most effective experience in preparation for the future teaching setting. Since students are placed in a facility resembling as closely as possible the one in which they expect to be employed, there is a real identification with the school and students. The uniqueness of this program lies in its mix of students from the various health fields...

Health Occupations↗
PubMed1995

Organizational issues.

A strong organizational and decentralized administrative philosophy is is the underpinning of growth, program development, and quality.

Chicago↗
PubMed2003

A clinical ladder program based on Carper's Fundamental Patterns of Knowing in Nursing.

Clinical and career ladder programs were popular adjuncts to recruitment and retention during the nursing shortage of the 1980s. Programs commonly used Benner's work as an organizing framework and typically used activities such as continuing education credit, committee participation, work experience, certifications, academic degrees, community service, and performance appraisal scores as criteria for advancement. The authors present a unique clinical ladder program based on Carper's Fundamental Patterns of Knowing in Nursing. This philosophical work has been debated in the literature for many years, yet to the authors' knowledge, this work has never been used as the conceptual basis for program development. The four patterns of knowing in nursing were found to be consistent with the definition of professional nursing, and provided a meaningful organizing framework that was well received by staff registered nurses. An overall history of clinical ladders is presented, followed by the organization's prior experience with these programs, and finally the details of development and implementation of the program with plans for evaluation.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Building institutional and faculty capacity in higher education gerontology academic programs.

Directors of California State University (CSU) gerontology, geriatrics, and aging studies (GGA) academic programs were surveyed regarding CSU capacity to fulfill demographic and legislative mandates to prepare professional personnel for work with the state's aging population. Program directors affirmed the importance of providing GGA education and training to meet these needs which will require GGA program growth in core and breadth courses, students, faculty, and scope. National guidelines for GGA program development and possible future accreditation and licensure were noted. The CSU currently does not support such growth. The number of GGA programs remained at 1997 levels and unevenly distributed across the state. Faculty time assigned to GGA was less than half of that presently required. Program directors rated GGAprogram and curriculum strength as modest, and CSU fiscal and administrative support as low. Program directors strongly supported faculty development innovations to prepare more present and future GGA faculty for building the capacity of higher education GGA programs.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Improving dietary habits of children: effects of nutrition education and correspondence training.

Evidence that a significant number of children are exposed to risk factors associated with coronary heart disease has prompted health care professionals to develop programs designed to encourage the early development of a healthy life style. The present study used a multiple baseline approach to examine the effects of two procedures on the snack selection behavior of 25 third grade children. In children who selected non-nutritious rather than nutritious snacks for more than 40% of the baseline observations, nutrition education alone had little or no impact on their selection of snacks. However, with the implementation of correspondence training, in which a reward was made contingent upon carrying out a stated intent to choose a nutritious snack, the children consistently chose nutritious snacks. These results indicate that correspondence training may be an efficient and cost-effective way to improve dietary habits of young people.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1990

The effects of a prematurity prevention program on births to adolescents.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the North Carolina Prematurity Prevention Program in reducing low-birthweight births among adolescents seeking prenatal care at the New Hanover Memorial Hospital obstetric clinic. Modeled on programs developed by Papiernik and Creasy, the program includes three components: staff education, patient identification, and patient education. Thirteen percent of the clinic population is 13-17 years old. The same prematurity prevention protocol is used for both adults and adolescents. Overall, 12% of the 847 women who delivered prior to the program had a low-birthweight infant. Among the 748 women who delivered during the program, the number of low-birthweight infants declined to 9.5%. For mothers 13-17 years old, 14% of the preprogram group had a low-birthweight infant, as did 14% of those in the program. A logistic regression model, controlling for certain risk factors, suggests that the program was not effective in reducing low-birthweight births among these adolescents (OR = 0.9; 95% CI = 0.2, 1.8).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Developing a positive organisational culture using a management development strategy.

This paper evaluates a management development program, which was piloted at Albury Base Hospital during 2001 for nurse managers. The program uses quantitative assessments of participants using a lifestyle inventory tool and enables managers to identify opportunities and strategies to assist them to become more effective managers. The program also helps identify management "blind spots" and increased awareness of the effect of management's behaviour on team efficiency. The program was evaluated as being relevant to managers from any health discipline and was a means by which workplace culture and behaviour could be improved.

Efficiency, Organizational↗
PubMed1999

Effectors of a developmental mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade revealed by expression signatures of signaling mutants.

Despite the importance of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in eukaryotic biology, the mechanisms by which signaling yields phenotypic changes are poorly understood. We have combined transcriptional profiling with genetics to determine how the Kss1 MAPK signaling pathway controls dimorphic development in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This analysis identified dozens of transcripts that are regulated by the pathway, whereas previous work had identified only a single downstream target, FLO11. One of the MAPK-regulated genes is PGU1, which encodes a secreted enzyme that hydrolyzes polygalacturonic acid, a structural barrier to microbial invasion present in the natural plant substrate of S. cerevisiae. A third key transcriptional target is the G(1) cyclin gene CLN1, a morphogenetic regulator that we show to be essential for pseudohyphal growth. In contrast, the homologous CLN2 cyclin gene is dispensable for development. Thus, the Kss1 MAPK cascade programs development by coordinately modulating a cell adhesion factor, a secreted host-destroying activity, and a specialized subunit of the Cdc28 cyclin-dependent kinase.

Cyclins↗