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At least 1,459 records · Page 81Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Linkage, expression, and distribution of the pyrethroid resistance gene in the horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae).

A sex-linked gene for pyrethroid resistance in the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), showed complete linkage to the male-determining gene in a laboratory colony that had been inbred for 10 generations. Within susceptible, heterozygous, and resistant populations, the level of resistance that was expressed was greater for females than for males. The increase in level of resistance conferred by the gene was similar for females and males. Preliminary synergism and allelism tests supported our supposition that the same gene was responsible for resistance in California, Florida, and Texas populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Activity of insecticides applied to turfgrass to control adult cat fleas (Siphonaptera:Pulicidae).

A bioassay was developed to determine the efficacy of insecticides against adult cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), on turfgrass. Activity was assessed by exposing adult fleas to treated and untreated disks of turf for 24 h, 1 and 7 d after treatment. Filter paper, a representative nonwaxy, porous substrate was bioassayed in similar fashion 1 d after treatment to confirm insecticide activity. Results demonstrated the relative efficacy of insecticides applied to turf at different rates as well as differences among insecticides. Of 10 insecticides tested, chlorpyrifos wettable powder and emulsifiable concentrates consistently provided greatest kill of adult fleas. Although initially active, pyrethroid insecticides and diazinon generally showed significant declines in residual activity by day 7. Possible reasons for differences in activity are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

"There's death in the cup, so beware!".

The proper investigation of deaths due to poisoning and the determination of the manner of death often depend upon knowledge and investigative skills that may have been allowed to deteriorate with lack of use. These case reports illustrate a wide variety of substances that people can ingest. This collection of case reports includes the ingestion of two insecticides and three different organic chemicals. A concise review of literature is provided, along with symptoms exhibited by those who ingest these poisons, and methodologies recommended for their determination in this series of cases.

Accidents↗
PubMed2000

Overdiagnosis and consequent mismanagement of head louse infestations in North America.

BACKGROUND: Lay personnel and many health care workers in the United States believe that head louse infestations caused by Pediculus capitis are exceedingly transmissible and that infested children readily infest others. Schoolchildren therefore frequently become ostracized and remain so until no signs of their presumed infestations are evident. Repeated applications of pediculicidal product and chronic school absenteeism frequently result. METHODS: To determine how frequently louse-related exclusions from schools and applications of pediculicidal therapeutic regimens might be inappropriate, we invited health care providers as well as nonspecialized personnel to submit specimens to us that were associated with a diagnosis of pediculiasis. Each submission was then characterized microscopically. RESULTS: Health care professionals as well as nonspecialists frequently overdiagnose pediculiasis capitis and generally fail to distinguish active from extinct infestations. Noninfested children thereby become quarantined at least as often as infested children. Traditional anti-louse formulations are overapplied as frequently as are "alternative" formulations. Pediculicidal treatments are more frequently applied to non-infested children than to children who bear active infestations. CONCLUSIONS: Pediculicidal treatments should be applied solely after living nymphal or adult lice or apparently viable eggs have been observed. Because health care providers as well as lay personnel generally misdiagnose pediculiasis, and because few symptoms and no direct infectious processes are known to result, we suggest that the practice of excluding presumably infested children from school may be more burdensome than the infestations themselves.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of epidemiologic and animal data associating pesticides with Parkinson's disease.

Exposure to pesticides may be a risk factor for developing Parkinson's disease (PD). To evaluate the evidence regarding this association in the scientific literature, we examined both analytic epidemiologic studies of PD cases in which exposure to pesticides was queried directly and whole-animal studies for PD-like effects after systemic pesticide exposure. Epidemiologic studies were considered according to study quality parameters, and results were found to be mixed and without consistent exposure-response or pesticide-specific patterns. These epidemiologic studies were limited by a lack of detailed and validated pesticide exposure assessment. In animal studies, no pesticide has yet demonstrated the selective set of clinical and pathologic signs that characterize human PD, particularly at levels relevant to human populations. We conclude that the animal and epidemiologic data reviewed do not provide sufficient evidence to support a causal association between pesticide exposure and PD.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Crusted scabies in pregnancy.

An otherwise healthy 19-year-old pregnant woman developed crusted scabies. She and her husband had previously been treated for scabies. In spite of appropriate treatment both suffered several relapses, and later their infant was also affected. Ultimately, the infection was eradicated. As far as we are aware, this is the first recorded case of crusted scabies occurring in a healthy pregnant woman.

Adult↗