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PubMed2000

ARDS in fulminant ornithosis and treatment with extracorporeal lung assist.

We report a 47-year-old male patient with fulminant ornithosis who developed severe respiratory failure leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) complicated by gastrointestinal, neurological and renal symptoms. ARDS was successfully treated by extracorporeal lung assist. As leukocytosis is typically absent in ornithosis, C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 and procalcitonin were used as infection parameters in order to monitor clinical development. The English-language literature on severe cases of ornithosis requiring respiratory support over the past 30 years is reviewed.

C-Reactive Protein↗
PubMed2000

Avian chlamydiosis.

Avian chlamydiosis (AC) can be economically devastating to producers and a serious public health problem. Most infections in humans are due to exposure to psittacine birds and pigeons; however, outbreaks resulting in severe disease and even death do occur in abattoir workers following processing of infected flocks. The disease occurs primarily in turkeys and ducks, but can affect all types of poultry. In poultry, the disease varies from one producing high morbidity and mortality to one that is asymptomatic. Farm workers and abattoir workers are at risk following exposure to either extreme. Although outbreaks of AC have declined since the 1970s, some parts of the world are now experiencing a rise in incidence. Whether the initial decrease was due to changes in production methods or to the increased use of antibiotics is not known. The mechanism for introduction of the disease into a flock or area is poorly understood. Wild birds are often infected by the same strains as domestic flocks and are therefore thought to play a major role in introduction. Data also indicate that vertical transmission may occur. Persistently infected carrier birds are known to be a source of chlamydiosis in the pet bird industry, but have not been confirmed as a source of infection in poultry flocks.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Encephalitis and ornithosis].

Neuropathology of ornithosis encephalitis in an adult man is reported. Lesions were widespread with severe vascular congestion, hyaline thrombi, intense perivascular infiltration by mononucleated cells and microglial reaction in the parenchyma. No specific lesion of the neurons was found.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of the specificity of various classes of immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG) v techenie ornitoznoĭ infektsii].

Studies of the specificity of immunoglobulins of different classes in the course of both experimental and natural orinthosis infection showed IgG antibody to possess a wide spectrum of activity: group-, species- and strain-specific, but specificity to group antigenic components was predominant. IgM antibodies were species-specific, however, population of gammaM-immunoglobulins of animal sera in approximately 7 and 14 days after infection antibody suggested a method for the study of the antigenic structure of the agents of the genus Chlamydia.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

An epornitic of fatal chlamydiosis (ornithosis) in South Carolina turkeys.

An unusual epornitic of fatal chlamydiosis occurred in a flock of 10,283 domestic turkeys in South Carolina. Total mortality over a 2-week period was 483 birds (4.7% of the flock). The principal gross lesion was severe pericarditis, but there was little or no airsacculitis, an observation at variance with many previous reports of chlamydiosis. Furthermore, an unusually heavy infestation of the turkeys with sanguivorous black flies (Simulium slossonae and S congareenarum) was observed at the time of the epornitic, an occurrence that may have permitted rapid transmission of chlamydiae between turkeys in the affected flock. The strains of Chlamydia psittaci isolated from naturally infected turkeys caused pericarditis and heptopathy as well as occasional airsacculitis, with a 41% mortality in intravenously (IV) inoculated turkeys. Turkeys inoculated intramuscularly (IM) or intraperitoneally (IP) did not die; however, airsacculitis was observed in more than 85% of turkeys inoculated intraperitoneally or exposed to infection by pen contact with inoculated turkeys. The strain was highly infectious but not lethal by the latter method of transmission. The strain was similar to other virulent chlamydiae isolated from turkeys, in that small numbers of the organism caused fatal infection in guinea pigs when inoculated IP.

Air Sacs↗
PubMed2001

[Clinical comparison of Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia, ornithosis, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia].

To elucidate the differences between the clinical aspects of Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pn) pneumonia and those of two other atypical pneumonias, Chlamydia psittaci (C. ps) pneumonia and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pn) pneumonia, we analyzed the symptoms and laboratory data on the cases of these three types of pneumonia: 46 cases of C. pn pneumonia, 39 cases of C. ps pneumonia, and 131 cases of M. pn pneumonia. C. pn pneumonia was significantly more frequent among the elderly (mean 70 +/- 16 years, p < 0.01) and patients were significantly more likely to be male (76%, p < 0.05). A white blood cell count of over 10,000 was seen in 46% of C. pn pneumonia cases, a higher proportion than those of C. ps pneumonia (15%, p = 0.03) or M. pn pneumonia (18%, p = 0.006) cases. The proportions of patients with these infections who had an elevated GOT or GPT were not significantly different. Maximum body temperature was higher in M. pn pneumonia than in C. pn pneumonia (p = 0.003). Purulent sputa were seen in 44% of C. pn pneumonia cases and 50% of M. pn pneumonia cases, and these rates were higher than that of 13% in C. ps pneumonia cases (p = 0.002, p = 0.004). Dyspnea and anorexia symptoms were the most frequent in C. pn pneumonia cases (24% and 29%, respectively, the highest of all three pneumonias). There were clinical differences between C. pn pneumonia and the other two atypical pneumonias. However, there was some difficulty in differentiating between C. pn pneumonia and typical bacterial pneumonia because mixed infections were common (24%) in C. pn pneumonia cases.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Genetic immunization for Chlamydia psittaci.

Plasmid DNA expressing the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of an avian Chlamydia psittaci serovar A strain, has been tested for its ability to raise an immune response and induce protection against challenge with the same serovar. A combined parenteral (intramuscular injection) and mucosal route (DNA drops administered to the nares) of DNA inoculation was compared to gene gun-based immunization. The gene gun delivery of pcDNA1/MOMP as well as the intramuscular-intranasal DNA delivery primed both T-helper and B-cell memory although rMOMP-expressing cells did not induce high antibody responses. Evidence for the priming of the memory was provided by the fact that the pcDNA1/MOMP inoculations raised antibodies belonging to the IgG and not IgM isotype. However, in response to challenge only 5 out of 15 vaccinated turkeys showed four fold increases in serum IgG after challenge. By contrast, evidence for the priming of T-cell memory in response to challenge was found in all vaccinated turkeys as shown by the significantly heightened proliferative responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes following vaccination. Both immunization methods produced similar serological and lymphocyte proliferative responses. Notwithstanding the immunization method, a significant level of protection was observed in all pcDNA1/MOMP immunized turkeys. The efficacy of MOMP-based DNA vaccination as a means of preventing severe clinical signs, lesions and chlamydia excretion in a turkey model of Chlamydia psittaci infection was demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Not Available].

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Animals↗