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PubMedDate not supplied

Cancer urinary bladder--5 year experience at Cenar, Quetta.

BACKGROUND: Purpose of this study was to see the incidence, age, sex, geographical distribution, symptoms, personal habits, signs, histo-pathology, early diagnosis and management of cases of Cancer Urinary Bladder (Ca UB) in the patients coming to CENAR, Quetta, Pakistan. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted at CENAR for a period of 5 years from 1st Jan. 1993 to 31st Dec. 97, in which about 100 cases of cancer of urinary bladder were included, out of which 82 patients were male and 12 were females. RESULTS: During our 5-year period of study, 3571 new cases of cancer were registered at CENAR, out of which 100 (2.8% of total No. of cases) were of Ca UB. Hence 20 new cases of Ca UB per year were registered at CENAR. The maximum number of cases was registered in 1996. CONCLUSION: Our study concluded that Ca UB occurs more in male with a male female ratio of 4.5:1 and a high incidence after 40 years of age. No patient below 20 was reported. Histopathologically, Transitional Cell Carcinoma was dominating (75%). Other histological types seen were squamous cell carcinoma (4%), Adenocarcinoma (3%), UD (5%) and HPNA (10%). A considerable number of patients were using different preparations of tobacco (cigarette smoking (6%), Hubble-Bubble (5%) and Niswar (Snuff) (12%). The patients were mainly treated with Radiotherapy, because at the time of reporting they were already in stage II or beyond (97%). Some patients were also treated by surgery such as TUR, partial or radical cystectomy. A few patients (6%) also received chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Immunomorphologic detection of apoprotein B antigenic determinants in the gallbladder wall in cholesterosis and cholelithiasis].

The presence and location of apoprotein B (Apo B) antigenic determinants in cholesterosis and cholelithiasis in gall bladder wall were detected for elaboration of modified Apo B role in pathogenesis of these diseases. Macroscopically changed parts of gall bladder (GB) wall of patients with gall bladder cholesterosis (GBC), and also macroscopically unchanged parts of GB wall of patients with cholelithiasis (CL) after cholecystectomy were studied. Macroscopically unchanged parts of GB wall obtained during autopsy of persons without symptoms of GB pathology were used as a control. Apo B location was studied with monoclonal (MAB 5F8 to Apo B) and polyclonal (PAB) antibodies; Apo B modified by malonic dialdehyde and oxidized by Cu2+ (4C11), Apo A with MAB1C5. Antibodies to CD 68 (specific marker of macrophages) was positive control, antibodies to trichinella--negative control. The most intensive accumulation of modified Apo B was revealed in foam cells region with accumulate lipids and form polyps that testifies to connection of apoproteins with lipids and foam cells and suggests their role in pathogenesis of GBC. More intensive staining of GB epithelial cells, particularly on GB peripheral parts by antibodies to apoproteins compared with surrounding tissues shows that bile is the source of detected modified apoproteins. Increase of absorption and accumulation of apoproteins in GB wall were also revealed in CL but these processes are less intensive than in GBS.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Correlations between human portal and peripheral venous insulin and proinsulin concentrations under glucose infusion].

In 8 female patients carbohydrate tolerance was proved by means of glucose infusion test 3 days after cholecystectomy. Parameters analyzed in portal and peripheral vein blood are compared with that of 47 healthy persons. All patients demonstrate a pathological carbohydrate tolerance after cholecystectomy, further characterized by an increased lipolysis, a paradoxical rise of HGH, a diminished insulin secretion during the early and increased IRI output in the second phase. There is a significant positive correlation between portal and peripheral vein IRI concentration despite the rising portalperipheral venous IRI difference with raised portal venous IRI concentration. Corresponding differences for proinsulin concentrations can be established in the early phase only. Relations existing between blood glucose and IRI are shown by multiple regression analysis. They suggest that the altitude of IRI concentration is determined by previous blood glucose concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Indices of fast acoustic adaptation in unilateral recording of short latent acoustic potentials in people with normal hearing and chronic functional voice disturbances].

The authors presented the results of the study of the central parts of the acoustic analyzer using the method of recording the short latent acoustic evoked potentials (SAEP), with stimulus frequency of 21.1 and 90 Hz, in the persons suffered from chronic functional voice disturbances (CFVD). A total of 67 persons aged from 23 to 45 years with normal hearing function were examined; among them, the normal voice forming and the acoustic apparatus were found in 38, and CFVD was detected in 29 persons. The state of the central parts of the acoustic analyzer examined by using a method of fast acoustic adaptation (FAA) during recording the SAEP points to the interrelation between the acoustic and vocal systems on the level of brainstem. It should be mentioned that investigating the brainstem responses to auditory stimuli, especially of different frequency, is helpful to reveal the preclinical disturbances in the functional state of the central nervous system, and brainstem structures of the acoustic analyzer, in particular. So, it contributes to early diagnosis of these affections in the persons with voice and hearing pathology. The study of the central mechanisms of the interrelations between the acoustic and voice forming systems contributes to new progressive achievements in phonoaudiology and elaboration of new approaches in diagnosis and treating the voice and acoustic disturbances, which remain one of the burning problems in present otorhinolaryngology.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2003

[The condition of the auditory tube in patients with chronic purulent otitis media as shown by computed tomography].

Computed tomography (CT) was made in 25 patients with otitis media purulenta chronica (OMPC). Of them 17 patients had meso- or mesoepitympanitis and 8 patients had the history of radical operations on the ear. At first, CT was made of the temporal bone without contrast medium, then with instillation of the contrast medium through the external acoustic meatus and tympanic cavity into the auditory tube. Native computer tomograms of the temporal bones of 43 persons without any middle ear pathology were used as control. Non-contrast computer tomograms showed air in the lumen of the bone part of the auditory tube of all the examinees. It was impossible to obtain the image of the cartilage part of the auditory tube. None of 25 OMPC patients showed the signs of peritubal pneumatisation while it was registered in 14 healthy controls. By CT data, 14 of 17 patients with perforative OMPC had passable auditory tube even in aggravated inflammatory process, 3 of them had unpassable one. All 8 patients after radical operation had unpassable auditory tube. Thus, the method of contrast computer tomography determines passability of the auditory tube in the direction from the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx and specifies the level of obstruction that is important to know before hearing improving operations of tympanoplasty type. Evaluation of the drainage function of the auditory tube basing on the time of evacuation of the contrast medium from the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx was declared useless.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Cervicitis and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: cytomorphological and molecular biology analysis].

The actual research has shown that the important factor of CIN occurrence in the HPV presence is a chronic bacterial cervicitis. Another research of the HPV associations with other urogenital infections has shown that mycoplasma and papillomavirus associations are dominating and they occur twofold often in all of the examined women with cervical pathology in comparison with healthy persons. Inflammatory processes in cervix of the uterus should be related to factors of the increased risk of CIN development.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: a clinical and therapeutic characterization].

AIM: To update the existing knowledge about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults, with special interest given to aspects concerning epidemiology, diagnosis, progression and treatment. DEVELOPMENT: Acknowledging the fact that ADHD can persist into adulthood is a relatively recent development. Nevertheless, over the last few years evidence has been put forward to support the validity of its diagnosis in adults. The prevalence of ADHD in the general adult population is estimated to be around 4%. Over 50% of the children with the disorder will continue to have it as adults. The symptoms of ADHD can be different in adults, with less hyperactivity and a slight decrease in impulsiveness, but with the same symptoms of inattention. ADHD in adulthood is linked to serious economic, occupational, academic and familial repercussions, as well as to road accidents and to the presence of other psychiatric pathologies (such as drug addiction, personality disorders and depression). CONCLUSIONS: A number of different psychometric instruments are available in Spanish for evaluating ADHD in adults. The use of structured interviews, together with a systemized evaluation of possible comorbid disorders, makes it easier to reach a correct differential diagnostic. Pharmacological treatment in adults is essentially the same as that used with children, but weight-adjusted. Clinical trials have been carried out with psychostimulants and results show methylphenidate to be the most effective and the safest. Atomoxetine is the non-stimulating pharmaceutical that has been most widely studied in adults. Cognitive behavioural psychological treatments have proved to be effective in adults with ADHD.

Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors↗
PubMed2006

[Blau syndrome--a chronic granulomatous, genetic disease].

Blau syndrome is a rare hereditary granulomatous disease presenting in patients of young age with exanthema, granulomatous arthritis and uveitis. Genetic analysis has shown an autosomal dominant inheritance and a number of specific mutations on chromosome 16q in codon 334, of which the most predominant are R334W and R334Q. Blau syndrome exists in Caucasian, Asian and Afro-American families, and de novo mutations have been reported. The estimated minimum incidence in Denmark is 0.05 per 100,000 person-years. Blau syndrome has pathological, clinical and therapeutic features in common with sarcoidosis but rarely involves the lungs or other parenchymatous organs. Discrimination between Blau syndrome and early-onset sarcoidosis should rely on chromosome analysis.

Arthritis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Aneurysmal cysts of the jaws. The nosological picture and a clinical case report].

After discussing the classification of aneurysmatic cyst with particular reference to its characteristics for differential diagnosis with other pathologies of various origin, a personal case is reported. The diagnosis and treatment protocol of the clinical case in question is presented together with clinico-therapeutic problems and the results obtained with the diagnostic and therapeutic aids used.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Patterns of alcohol consumption among families with chronic somatic patients].

This paper intends a description of family climate likely to be found in low-class low-earnings sectors, sick persons suffering from chronic somatic pathologies are living in. The biopsychosocial model was the analysis model researchers selected to carry on the study: It allows the detection of risk situations connected with the different ways a family milieu casts its influence when an unfavorable evolution of the illness involved is at stake, i.e. when the development of such an illness slips from doctors's expectations. In the patients sample population under study, the incidence of "alcohol consumption within the family group" variable was deemed as one of the heaviest factors when the somatic illness worsens. Among those families where an active alcohol consumption could be detected, two alternative solutions were, also, likely to be found at the same time, namely: a family continued consumption pattern, and a family discontinued consumption pattern. Among the former consumption, alcohol appears as a central organization motive round which all group rules and norms center. Instead, the patient involved is confined to marginality, and deprived from the least psychophysical care as well. Quite contrary, among families where alcohol consumption was eventually ousted, organization patterns feature solidarity, and care to the patient involved.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1991

Doppler sonography in renal diseases.

Using Doppler sonography, the circulation of the kidney can now be studied in the living person in various physiologic or pathologic situations. Our understanding of renal hemodynamics, gleaned from experimental animal models as well as human studies, is being enhanced by Doppler examination and the clinical uses are expanding. Some early concepts, sometimes hastily postulated, are being questioned. The highlights of ongoing debates and the results of animal studies that further our understanding of Doppler examinations in patients are the subject of this review.

Doppler Effect↗
PubMed1990

[Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy].

Scintigraphy of the myocardium with 199Tl-chloride was performed in 59 patients. On the basis of the results of clinicoinstrumental investigation the diagnosis of chronic CHD was made in 36, that of acute myocardial infarction--in 7. The control group consisted of 16 persons without signs of coronary pathology. The sensitivity of scintigraphy with 199Tl-chloride in the detection of CHD was 92%, and this radionuclide was shown to be no inferior to 201Tl-chloride. 199Tl-chloride can be recommended for the diagnosis of CHD, cicatrical and necrotic myocardial lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Statistical study of the incidence of agenesis in a sample of 1529 subjects].

Following a short review of the main aetiopathogenetic theories on dental agenesia, a personal statistical study of this pathology is reported. 1529 orthopantomographs of juveniles aged between 7 and 14 were examined. 79 cases of hypodentia were observed (5.2%), 32 in males (4.05%) and 47 in females (6.78%). The most interesting tooth was the second premolar with an incidence of 58.9% followed by the lateral incisor, with an incidence of 26.38%. This is in agreement with the international literature.

Anodontia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Refractory depression: therapeutic alternatives].

A group of 89 patients admitted to the Psychiatric Unit of a General Hospital, with diagnosis of depression according to ICD-9 criteria and randomly chosen were studied. 26 of them (29.2%) were resistant depressions and 63 (7.82%) responded to treatment. Both groups were composed retrospectively in order to analyse resistance or lack of response to a first treatment with tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressants in effective dosages. We considered: the personality type; the associated somatic pathology; prolonged social stress; period of evolution of the disorder; previous treatments; type of disorder uni or bipolar; familial morbidity; diagnosis reconsideration; analysis of therapeutic compliance; side effects and intolerance. We observed a statistically significant difference with regard to prophylactic treatment (38.4% resistant versus 98.3% non-resistant, p less than 0.0001); a greater suspicion of psycho-organicity in the resistant group (p less than 0.05); a longer interval of time for the resistant group between the beginning of the disorder and the beginning of treatment in our service (F: 1.45, t: 2.58, p less than 0.01). The alternatives used with our patients are analysed and we propose schedules for tackling this kind of problem.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1985

[Sialography, echography and computerized tomography in the study of the parotid region].

The diagnostic accuracy of sialography and ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation of parotid masses is evaluated. Furthermore the role of computed tomography (CT) in this pathology is discussed. In the personal experience US proved to be the best method in the recognition of a parotid tumor while sialography was superior in defining the intra or extraparotid site. The two investigations showed the same accuracy in the definition of benign or malignant nature of the mass. Therefore we consider US the only investigation in most instances; sialography could be performed when the site of the lesion is uncertain or an inflammatory lesion is suspected. CT is never the first investigation; its use is limited to a low number of cases, mainly for the evaluation of large masses and when the association US-sialography does not allow a sure diagnosis.

Adenolymphoma↗
PubMed1988

[Psychological evaluation of diabetic students and their families].

A population of 29 diabetic school children has been studied with the purpose of evaluating the repercussion the disease has on the psychosocial development of the child. Eysenck's inventory of personality, Achembach's IPCDS and the drawing of the human figure have been employed as psychological test. The sociological aspects are valued through interviewing and questionnaires. The outstanding conclusions are: 1. Diabetes does not condition the development of a specific personality. 2. Psychiatric alterations and pathological behaviours are not present in the diabetic school child with a greater frequency than in the normal child. The most problematic is the pattern of behaviour found in preadolescent teenagers, individual cases stand out in relation to their antisocial and reserved behaviour. 3. The disease neither cuts down social life, nor does it condition the appearance of school-failure, but it does have a repercussion and a modifying effect on practical aspects of family life and the relations among its members.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of nifedipine on renal activity].

Sublingual administration of nifedipine (N) at a dose of 20 mg to 8 persons without cardiovascular and renal pathology and to 19 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) increased renal excretion of sodium (by an average of 51.1-132.8%), water (by an average of 31.7-101.9%), potassium (by an average of 43.2-63.2%) and calcium (by an average of 118%). The natriuretic effect of N appeared in 20 min reaching its maximum in 45-60 min, being more noticeable in CHF. An increment of natriuresis resulted from a decrease in sodium tubular reabsorption (correlation factor--0.92) rather than from an increase in glomerular filtration (correlation factor +0.50). N suppressed sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule (by an average of 34.1%) as well as in the segment, more distal of Henle's loop (by an average of 6.8%). N might suppress directly calcium-dependent mechanisms of sodium transtubular transport but it could also produce a mediated effect as a result of shifts of renal hemodynamics.

Diuresis↗