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PubMed2002

Short-term granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin treatment enhances hematopoiesis and survival in the mitomycin C-conditioned Fancc(-/-) mouse model, while long-term treatment is ineffective.

Transient treatment with cytokines appears to improve hematopoietic function in Fanconi anemia; however, the effectiveness or adverse effect of long-term treatment is not known. The mitomycin C-treated Fancc(-/-) mouse provides a valuable model to address long-term efficacy of such treatment. Fancc(-/-) mice injected with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, erythropoietin, or both cytokines showed a delay in mitomycin C (MMC)-induced bone marrow (BM) failure compared to untreated mice. However, long-term cytokine exposure followed by MMC challenges did not protect mice from the reduction of peripheral blood counts or the number of early myeloid progenitors. These results suggest that cytokine treatment may be beneficial only in the short-term, while long-term treatment is not protective for BM aplasia.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Induction chemotherapy with mitomycin, vindesine, and cisplatin for stage III unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer: results of the Toronto Phase II Trial.

PURPOSE: The 5-year survival rates with surgical resection for preoperatively identified stage IIIA N2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are less than 10%. A pilot study of mitomycin, vindesine, and cisplatin (MVP) induction chemotherapy was undertaken in an attempt to improve the curative potential of surgery in this group of patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine patients with mediastinoscopy stage IIIA N2 NSCLC received two cycles of MVP. Responding patients underwent thoracotomy for resection and two further courses of MVP. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 64% (25 of 39) with three complete and 22 partial responses. Twenty-two patients were resected, which included a radical mediastinal node dissection. Eighteen resections were complete and four were incomplete. Pathologically, three patients (7.7%) had no tumor remaining. Toxicity included two postoperative deaths secondary to a bronchopleural (BP) fistula, mitomycin pulmonary toxicity in two patients, and septic deaths in four patients. Twenty-eight patients have died; 20 have recurrent or progressive disease. Eight of the 18 patients completely resected have recurred, with a median time to recurrence of 20.6 months. Sites of recurrence include two locoregional, five distant (two in brain), and one in both. Median survival of all 39 patients is 18.6 months, with a 3-year survival of 26%. The median survival for those patients completely resected was 29.7 months with a 3-year survival of 40%. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude (1) that MVP is an effective but toxic chemotherapeutic regimen for limited NSCLC; (2) the median survival seems to be prolonged; and (3) the role of induction chemotherapy followed by surgery in stage IIIA N2 NSCLC requires a phase III randomized trial to compare it with other treatment modalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Combination of consecutive low-dose cisplatin with bleomycin, vincristine, and mitomycin for recurrent cervical carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of combination chemotherapy with bleomycin, vincristine, mitomycin, and consecutive low-dose (CLD) administration of cisplatin (CLD-BOMP) for patients with recurrent cervical carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety patients with recurrent cervical carcinoma and no prior chemotherapy were enrolled onto this study. The median age was 56 years. Eighty-seven of the 90 patients had received prior radiotherapy. The CLD-BOMP regimen was bleomycin 5 mg infused continuously days 1 through 7; vincristine 0.7 mg/m2 bolus day 7; mitomycin 7 mg/m2 bolus day 7; and cisplatin 10 mg/m2 infused over 4 hours days 1 through 7. The treatment was repeated at 3-week intervals. RESULTS: All 90 patients were assessable for response, toxicity, and survival. After a median of four cycles (range, two to 10 cycles), we observed objective responses in 68 patients (76%), with 25 (28%) complete responses (CRs) and 43 (48%) partial responses (PRs; 95% confidence interval (CI), 66 to 85; 18 to 38; 37 to 59, respectively). Median survival for all 90 patients was 24.3 months (range, 2.3 to 100 months). The median survival for patients who achieved CR, PR, no change (NC), and progressive disease (PD) were not reached (NR), 23.6, 8.2, and 6.4 months, respectively. The median progression-free survival for patients who achieved CR and PR were NR and 12.3 months, respectively. There was no significant nausea or vomiting, nephrotoxicity, or pulmonary toxicity, which was attributable to the CLD-cisplatin and the adequate dosing schedule of bleomycin. The reduced toxicities allowed this regimen to be administered at the projected dose-intensities. CONCLUSION: The CLD-BOMP regimen has significant antitumor activity with markedly reduced toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Mitomycin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin in unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer: effects on survival and quality of life.

PURPOSE: Chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. We describe the two largest reported, randomized, parallel trials designed to determine whether the addition of chemotherapy influences duration and quality of life in localized, unresectable (mitomycin, ifosfamide, cisplatin [MIC]1 trial) and extensive (MIC2 trial) disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ambulatory patients with NSCLC, aged 75 years or younger, with localized disease, were randomized in MIC1 to receive up to four cycles of chemotherapy (CT: mitomycin 6 mg/m(2), ifosfamide 3 g/m(2), and cisplatin 50 mg/m(2)) every 21 days, followed by radical radiotherapy (CT + RT) or radiotherapy (RT) alone. Extensive-stage patients were randomized in MIC2 to identical chemotherapy plus palliative care (CT + PC) or palliative care (PC) alone. Short-term change in quality of life (QOL) was assessed in a subgroup of patients. Data from the two trials were combined to allow multivariate and stratified survival analyses. RESULTS: Seven hundred ninety-seven eligible patients were randomized, 446 in MIC1 and 351 in MIC2. MIC CT improved survival in both trials (significantly in MIC2). The median survival time in MIC1 was 11.7 months (CT + RT) versus 9.7 months (RT alone) (P =.14); whereas in MIC2, median survival time was 6.7 months (CT + PC) compared with 4. 8 months (PC alone) (P =.03). QOL, assessed in 134 patients from start of trial to week 6, showed improvement with chemotherapy and deterioration with standard treatment. In the combined analysis of 797 randomized patients, the positive effect of MIC on survival was significant overall (P =.01) and after adjusting for prognostic factors (P =.01). CONCLUSION: MIC chemotherapy prolongs survival in unresectable NSCLC without compromising QOL.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Gemcitabine and cisplatin versus mitomycin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A randomized phase III study of the Italian Lung Cancer Project.

PURPOSE: To compare gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) with mitomycin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (MIC) chemotherapy in patients with stage IIIB (limited to T4 for pleural effusion and N3 for supraclavicular lymph nodes) or stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The end points were the evaluation of quality of life (QoL), response rates, survival, and toxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three hundred seven patients were randomized to receive either gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 plus cisplatin 100 mg/m(2) on day 2, every 28 days, or mitomycin 6 mg/m(2), ifosfamide 3,000 mg/m(2), and mesna on day 1 plus cisplatin 100 mg/m(2) on day 2, every 28 days. The whole-blood cell count was repeated on day 1 in both arms and weekly in the GC arm before each gemcitabine administration. RESULTS: No major differences in changes in QoL were observed between the two treatment arms. The objective response rate was 38% in the GC arm compared with 26% in the MIC arm (P =.029). The median survival time was 8.6 months in the GC arm and 9.6 months in the MIC arm (P =.877, log-rank test). Grade 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia was significantly worse in the GC arm (64% v 28%, P <.001), whereas grade 3 and 4 alopecia was reported more commonly in the MIC arm (39% v 12%, P <. 001). CONCLUSION: We report an increased response rate without changes in QoL and a similar overall survival, time to progression, and time to treatment failure for the GC when compared with the MIC regimen in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Randomized clinical trial of adjuvant mitomycin plus tegafur in patients with resected stage III gastric cancer.

PURPOSE: The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer is controversial. We conducted a phase III, randomized, multicentric clinical trial with the goal of assessing the efficacy of the combination of mitomycin plus tegafur in prolonging the disease-free survival and overall survival of patients with resected stage III gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with resected stage III gastric adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned, using sealed envelopes, to receive either chemotherapy or no further treatment. Chemotherapy was started within 28 days after surgery according to the following schedule: mitomycin 20 mg/m(2) intravenously (bolus) at day 1 of chemotherapy; 30 days later, oral tegafur at 400 mg bid daily for 3 months. Disease-free survival and overall survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Between January 1988 and September 1994, 148 patients from 10 hospitals in Catalonia, Spain, were included in the study. The median follow-up period was 37 months. The tolerability of the treatment was excellent. The overall survival and disease-free survival were higher in the group of patients treated with chemotherapy (P =.04 for survival and P =.01 for disease-free survival in the log-rank test). The overall 5-year survival rate and the 5-year disease-free survival rate were, respectively, 56% and 51% in the treatment group and 36% and 31% in the control group. CONCLUSION: Our positive results are consistent with the results of recent studies; which conclude that there is a potential benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in resected gastric cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Prospective randomized trial of docetaxel versus mitomycin plus vinblastine in patients with metastatic breast cancer progressing despite previous anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. 304 Study Group.

PURPOSE: This phase III study compared docetaxel with mitomycin plus vinblastine (MV) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) progressing despite previous anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients (n=392) were randomized to receive either docetaxel 100 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.) every 3 weeks (n=203) or mitomycin 12 mg/m2 i.v. every 6 weeks plus vinblastine 6 mg/m2 i.v. every 3 weeks (n=189), for a maximum of 10 3-week cycles. RESULTS: In an intention-to-treat analysis, docetaxel produced significantly higher response rates than MV overall (30.0% v 11.6%; P < .0001), as well as in patients with visceral involvement (30% v 11%), liver metastases (33% v 7%), or resistance to previous anthracycline agents (30% v 7%). Median time to progression (TTP) and overall survival were significantly longer with docetaxel than MV (19 v 1 weeks, P=.001, and 1 1.4 v 8.7 months, P=.0097, respectively). Neutropenia grade 3/4 was more frequent with docetaxel (93.1 % v62.5%; P < .05); thrombocytopenia grade 3/4 was more frequent with MV (12.0% v 4.1%; P < .05). Severe acute or chronic nonhematologic adverse events were infrequent in both groups. Withdrawal rates because of adverse events (MV, 10.1%; docetaxel, 13.8%) or toxic death (MV, 1.6%; docetaxel, 2.0%) were similar in both groups. Quality-of-life analysis was limited by a number of factors, but results were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Docetaxel is significantly superior to MV in terms of response, TTP, and survival. The safety profiles of both therapies are manageable and tolerable. Docetaxel represents a clear treatment option for patients with MBC progressing despite previous anthracycline-containing chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Prospective randomized trial comparing mitomycin, cisplatin, and protracted venous-infusion fluorouracil (PVI 5-FU) With epirubicin, cisplatin, and PVI 5-FU in advanced esophagogastric cancer.

PURPOSE: We report the results of a prospectively randomized study that compared the combination of epirubicin, cisplatin, and protracted venous-infusion fluorouracil (PVI 5-FU) (ECF) with the combination of mitomycin, cisplatin, and PVI 5-FU (MCF) in previously untreated patients with advanced esophagogastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five hundred eighty patients with adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma, or undifferentiated carcinoma were randomized to receive either ECF (epirubicin 50 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks, cisplatin 60 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks and PVI 5-FU 200 mg/m(2)/d) or MCF (mitomycin 7 mg/m(2) every 6 weeks, cisplatin 60 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks, and PVI 5-FU 300 mg/m(2)/d) and analyzed for survival, response, toxicity, and quality of life (QOL). RESULTS: The overall response rate was 42.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37% to 48%) with ECF and 44.1% (95% CI, 38% to 50%) with MCF (P =.692). Toxicity was tolerable, and there were only two toxic deaths. ECF resulted in more grade 3/4 neutropenia and grade 2 alopecia, but MCF caused more thrombocytopenia and plantar-palmar erythema. Median survival was 9.4 months with ECF and 8.7 months with MCF (P =.315); at 1 year, 40.2% (95% CI, 34% to 46%) of ECF and 32.7% (95% CI, 27% to 38%) of MCF patients were alive. Median failure-free survival was 7 months with both regimens. Global QOL scores were better with ECF at 3 and 6 months. CONCLUSION: This study confirms response, survival, and QOL benefits of ECF observed in a previous randomized study. The equivalent efficacy of MCF was demonstrated, but QOL was superior with ECF. ECF remains one of the reference treatments for advanced esophagogastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Preoperative mitomycin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin followed by esophagectomy in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: pathologic complete response induced by chemotherapy leads to long-term survival.

PURPOSE: Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus remains an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis, even after curative-intent surgery. This article analyzes the impact of preoperative chemotherapy with mitomycin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (MIC) on a cohort of 68 patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1988 to 1994, 68 patients with potentially operable squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were entered onto two phase II trials of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with mitomycin 6 mg/m2, ifosfamide 3 g/m2, and cisplatin 50 mg/m2 and received between two and four cycles of treatment at 3-weekly intervals. Two patients were removed from the analysis when they were found to have malignancy other than squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. RESULTS: Forty (61%) of 66 patients had a radiologic response to chemotherapy (18 complete responses and 22 partial responses), and 52 (79%) of 66 patients went on to have the primary tumor resected. There were nine pathologic complete responders, seven of whom remain fit and well after at least 60 months of follow-up. The overall median survival was 12.4 months (95% confidence interval, 9.6 to 18.8 months). The complete response and node-negative patients survived significantly longer than those in other categories (log-rank chi2 = 18.8; P <.001): on average 13 months longer than the node-positive or nonresected category (22.0 v 9.4 months). The toxicity of the regimen was low. CONCLUSION: MIC is an easily administered, well-tolerated, and efficacious regimen as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. These results warrant further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Gemcitabine plus carboplatin versus mitomycin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin in patients with stage IIIB or IV non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase III randomized study of the London Lung Cancer Group.

PURPOSE: This phase III randomized trial compared two chemotherapy regimens, gemcitabine plus carboplatin and mitomycin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin, in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The regimens were compared with regard to effects on survival, response rates, toxicity, and quality of life. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients had previously untreated stage IIIB or IV NSCLC suitable for cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Randomly assigned patients were to receive four cycles, each at 3-week intervals, of carboplatin area under the curve of 5 on day 1 plus gemcitabine 1,200 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 (GCa) or mitomycin 6 mg/m(2), ifosfamide 3g/m(2), and cisplatin 50 mg/m(2) on day 1 (MIC). RESULTS: Between February 1999 and August 2001, 422 patients (GCa, n = 212; MIC, n = 210) were randomly assigned in the United Kingdom. The majority of patients received the intended four cycles (GCa, 64%; MIC, 61%). There was a significant survival advantage for GCa compared with MIC (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0. 93; P = .008). Median survival was 10 months with GCa and 7.6 months with MIC (difference, 2.4 months; 95% CI, 1.0 to 4.0), and 1-year survival was 40% with GCa and 30% with MIC (difference, 10%; 95% CI, 3% to 18%). Overall response rates were similar (42% for GCa v 41% for MIC; P = .84). More thrombocytopenia occurred with GCa (P = .03), but this was not associated with increased hospital admission or fatality. GCa caused less nausea, vomiting, constipation, and alopecia and was associated with fewer admissions for administration and better quality of life. CONCLUSION: In patients with advanced NSCLC, GCa chemotherapy was shown to be a better-tolerated treatment that conferred a survival advantage over MIC.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy with mitomycin C for peritoneal carcinomatosis from nonappendiceal colorectal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Cytoreductive surgery (CS) and intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy (IPHC) are efficacious in patients with disseminated mucinous tumors of the appendix. We reviewed our experience using this approach for nonappendiceal colorectal cancer (NACC). METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of a prospective database for patients undergoing CS and IPHC with mitomycin C for peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal primary lesions between December 1991 and April 2002. RESULTS: There were 77 patients, with a median age of 54 years. Peritoneal carcinomatosis was synchronous and metachronous in 27% and 73% patients, respectively. Seventy-five percent of patients (n = 58) had received chemotherapy prior to IPHC. Complete resection of all gross disease was accomplished in 37 patients (48%). The mean carcinoembryonic antigen level decreased from a preoperative value of 31.2 to a postoperative value of 6.9 (P <.0001). Overall survival (OS) at 1, 3, and 5 years was 56%, 25%, and 17%, respectively. With a median follow-up of 15 months, the median OS was 16 months. Perioperative morbidity and mortality were 30% and 12%, respectively. Hematologic toxicity occurred in 15 patients (19%). Cox regression analysis identified poor performance status (P =.018), bowel obstruction (P =.001), malignant ascites (P =.001), and incomplete resection of gross disease (P =.011) as independent predictors of decreased survival. Patients with complete resection of all gross disease had a 5-year OS of 34%, with a median OS of 28 months. CONCLUSIONS: CS and IPHC with mitomycin C can improve outcomes for select patients with peritoneal spread from NACC. One third of patients who undergo complete resection of gross disease have long-term survival.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed2001

Radiotherapy combined with simultaneous chemotherapy with mitomycin-C and 5-fluorouracil for inoperable head and neck cancer.

The feasibility and effectiveness of a combined chemoradiotherapy treatment modality for locally advanced head and neck cancer was tested in a phase II trial. From March 1995 to June 1998, 35 patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with a continuous intravenous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (600 mg m-2 24 h-1 for Days 1 to 5 (120 h)) and mitomycin-C (10 mg m-2 intravenously) on Day 5 during the first week of radiotherapy and on Day 36. 31 patients had stage IV disease; 4 patients had stage III; and 1 patient had stage II. Patient ages ranged from 42-69 years (median 56.7 years). The tumours involved were as follows: oral cavity (n = 11); oropharynx (n = 14); hypopharynx/larynx (n = 10). Radiotherapy was delivered to a total dose of 70 Gy with conventional fractionation (2 Gy per fraction, five times a week). Chemotherapy was well tolerated and all patients received the intended dose. Mild nausea occurred in five patients. After a mean follow-up of 21 months (range 10-44 months), 8 (23%) patients remain alive. A complete response was seen in 28 (80%) patients. When a recurrence appeared, it was within the first year after treatment. 1- and 2-year overall survival rates were 46% and 23%, respectively. Grade 3 mucositis occurred in 17% of patients. Grade 1-2 thrombopaenia occurred in 3 (9%) patients, grade > 2 leukopaenia in 4 (11%) patients, and grade > or = 2 anaemia in 3 (9%) patients. We observed a treatment interruption of maximum 1 week for six patients owing to mucositis. Febrile neutropaenia or aplasia were not observed. The concomitant use of 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin-C and radiotherapy in locally advanced head and neck carcinoma is well tolerated in this group of patients. This protocol showed good locoregional response with a very low toxicity profile.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effects of 60Co gamma-rays, ultraviolet light, and mitomycin C on Halobacterium salinarium and Thiobacillus intermedius.

Lethal effects of 60Co gamma-rays, UV light, and mitomycin C on two kinds of bacteria, Halobacterium salinarium which grows in highly concentrated salt media and Thiobacillus intermedius which requires reduced sulfur compounds, were studied and compared with those on Escherichia coli B/r. D37 values for H. salinarium, T. intermedius and E. coli B/r were 393, 150, and 92 Gy, respectively, by exposure to 60Co gamma-rays. They were 212, 38, and 10 J/m2, respectively, by exposure to UV light and 2.36, 0.25, and 0.53 microgram/ml/h, respectively, by exposure to mitomycin C. Against these agents, H. salinarium was much more resistant than T. intermedius and E. coli B/r.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1999

Cisplatin, mitomycin, and interferon-alpha2a combination chemoimmunotherapy in the treatment of diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic activity and toxicity of combination chemoimmunotherapy with cisplatin, mitomycin, and interferon (IFN)-alpha2a, by comparing the responses in a group of patients with diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma (DMPM) to the responses in a control group of DMPM patients given supportive care alone. DESIGN: Patients with histopathologically confirmed DMPM were evaluated for treatment with chemoimmunotherapy. SETTING: After the initial evaluation, all patients received either chemoimmunotherapy or supportive care from the Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Chest Diseases. PATIENTS: Forty-three patients with DMPM received chemoimmunotherapy until the end of the survey; 19 patients were given supportive therapy alone after refusing chemoimmunotherapy. INTERVENTIONS: Drugs were administered according to the following schedule: IV cisplatin, 30 mg/m2 qd on days 1 and 2; IV mitomycin, 8 mg/m2 on day 1; and subcutaneous IFN-alpha2a, 4.5 million IU twice weekly. The courses were repeated every 4 weeks. RESULTS: Overall, 232 chemoimmunotherapy cycles were administered. A total of 10 objective responses (ORs) in 43 patients (23%) were assessed, including 2 complete responses (5%), 4 partial responses, and 4 regressions. Seventeen patients had stable disease, and 16 patients had progression. The median survival time was 11.5 months for the 43 patients who received chemoimmunotherapy and 7.0 months for the 19 patients who received supportive therapy alone. The difference in survival times between the chemoimmunotherapy and supportive therapy groups was not significant. However, the median survival time for the patients who had OR was 21.3 months, which is significantly longer than that of the patients who received supportive care alone and that of patients with progressive disease (6 months). The toxicities associated with the treatment schedule of this study were, for the most part, tolerable. CONCLUSIONS: The drug combination used in this study is moderately effective and well tolerated in patients with DMPM, especially in those who responded to the treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Mitomycin C for control of recurrent bronchial stenosis: a case report.

A 27-year-old patient with cystic fibrosis underwent a bilateral lung transplantation despite the presence of multiresistant Burkholderia cepacia. Postoperatively, the patient presented with bilateral bronchial necrosis. During the 14th week, his FEV(1) dropped to 2.5 L from a baseline level of 3.4 L. A subtotal occlusion of the right mainstem bronchus below the suture was noted. Using argon electrocoagulation, the right upper lobe bronchus, the intermediate bronchus, and the right middle lobe bronchus were reopened. During the period between weeks 20 and 42 post-transplantation, a recurrent stenosis required eight endoscopic interventions combining dilatation and stenting. During the 42nd week, dilatation followed by mitomycin C application stabilized the right lung function. This case report is the first to describe the effectiveness of the local application of mitomycin C to stop recurring extensive bronchial stenosis following bronchial necrosis secondary to lung transplantation.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1994

Loss of heterozygosity at the NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase locus associated with increased resistance against mitomycin C in a human bladder carcinoma cell line.

The human bladder carcinoma cell line RT112 and the mitomycin C-resistant cell line RT112MMC, derived from RT112 cells, were examined for their expression of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQOR) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). RT112 cells were 40-fold more sensitive towards mitomycin C than RT112MMC cells. The NQOR mRNA level in RT112MMC cells was decreased to 15% as compared to RT112 cells. NQOR enzyme activity was 391 +/- 140 mU/mg protein in RT112 cells, whereas NQOR activity in RT112MMC cells was not measurable. As shown by a fast PCR-based assay and DNA-sequencing, the cell line RT112 is heterozygous, whereas RT112MMC is homozygous for a null allele of the NQOR gene without enzymatic activity. Accordingly, both wild-type and null allele mRNAs were present in RT112 cells, whereas only null allele mRNA was found in RT112MMC. The lack of NQOR enzyme activity in RT112MMC cells was thus associated with loss of heterozygosity at the NQOR locus. By a PCR-RFLP assay, three kidney carcinoma patients without measurable NQOR enzyme activity were shown to be homozygous for the null allele. The PCR assay described here is useful for examination of large numbers of samples. The relative amount of GST-Pi mRNA was decreased by 30% in RT112MMC as compared to RT112, contributing to a diminished level of GST enzyme activity, using CDNB as a substrate, from 95 +/- 62 mU/mg protein in RT112 to 26 +/- 6 mU/mg protein in RT112MMC.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2007

Uses and complications of mitomycin C in ophthalmology.

Mitomycin C is a chemotherapeutic agent that acts by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Its use and application in ophthalmology has been increasing in recent years because of its modulatory effects on wound healing. Current applications include pterygium surgery, glaucoma surgery, corneal refractive surgery, cicatricial eye disease, conjunctival neoplasia and allergic eye disease. Although it has been used successfully in these conditions, it has also been associated with significant complications. This article reviews the current trends and uses of mitomycin C in the eye and its reported complications.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1996

Recurrent breast cancer treated successfully with mitomycin-C and vinblastine after failure of both doxorubicin-containing regimen and paclitaxel--a case report.

Cross-resistance is one of the chief obstacles in salvage therapy for refractory breast cancer. Although paclitaxel is one of the most promising drugs, it shows a response rate of 30% at most for patients with breast cancer resistant to doxorubicin, and no effective treatments for tumors refractory to both agents have been reported. We describe a 38-year-old woman with recurrent breast cancer, who was treated successfully with mitomycin-C and vinblastine after doxorubicin-based chemotherapy and paclitaxel failed. The combinations of mitomycin-C and microtubule inhibitors including vinca alkaloids and taxanes may have a potential application to refractory breast cancer.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗