The adhesion and transendothelial migration of human T lymphocyte subsets.
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Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
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Lymphocyte subsets, macrophages and Langerhans cells in actinomycetoma and eumycetoma tissue reaction.
The aim of this work was to demonstrate, quantify and compare cell elements in the inflammatory infiltrate of 23 skin lesions of actinomycetoma (ACM) and 17 of eumycetoma (EUM). Epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) population was also analyzed in 18 ACM, 13 EUM and ten normal skin samples as control group. Tissue response in both groups of mycetoma showed CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes surrounding the neutrophils aggregates with macrophages, revealed by CD68 antibody, among them. B lymphocytes were not identified. ACM lesions showed a higher number of CD8+ lymphocytes (P=0.02) and macrophages (P=0.01) when compared with EUM lesions. As well as morphologically altered, displaying irregular and short dendritic processes, LC were depleted both in ACM and EUM lesions (P=0.0004) when compared with normal skin but no difference between both types of mycetoma (P>0.05) was found. Results suggest that cellular mediated immunity may play a role in mycetoma pathogenesis. The morphological alterations and marked reduction of LC in mycetoma lesions might reflect a depressed cellular immune response, partially explaining the chronic course and unresponsiveness to treatment of this group of diseases.
Adult↗
Induction of cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets against leukemia by stimulation with AML blasts.
Although the application of interleukin-2 (IL-2) activated lymphocytes in immunotherapy of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is of therapeutic interest, the high resistance of AML blasts to lymphocyte lysis may represent an obstacle to this type of therapy. However, our data shows that the leukemia resistance can be conquered by concomitant culture of lymphocytes with IL-2 and AML blasts. This approach induces not only leukemia-directed cytotoxic cells, but also promotes their growth. Additionally, multiple cytotoxic lymphocyte populations with leukemia lytic activity are induced in AML/IL-2 cultures. These include natural killer (NK) cells and subsets of T cells with both the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted and MHC-nonrestricted cytotoxic function. Thus, this protocol, which is conducive to general stimulation of cellular immune responses against leukemia, may enhance the benefits of lymphocyte therapy.
Humans↗
T-lymphocyte subsets in the contralateral testis after unilateral blunt testicular trauma in pre-pubertal mice.
Although spermatozoa express antigens, they normally do not produce an immunological response because of the blood-testis barrier and the predominance of CD8(+) T-lymphocytes in the rete testis. Unilateral blunt testicular trauma (UBTT) has been reported to decrease fertility. The present study was designed to evaluate the sub-populations of T-lymphocytes in mice with testicular trauma. Twenty male mice aged 20 days were randomized into control and test groups. At about 70 days of age the contralateral testis was harvested, cell suspensions were prepared, and immunofluorescence staining was performed for detection of CD4(+ )and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes by flow-cytometry. The ratio of CD8(+) and CD4(+) lymphocytes was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the control mice compared to the UBTT group (1.3 +/- 0.3 vs 0.5 +/- 0.01). The results suggest that UBTT alters the CD8(+)/CD4(+) ratio in the contralateral testis, which may have an important bearing on the pathogenesis of infertility in cases of testicular injury.
Animals↗
Lymphocyte subsets and cellular immunity in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
BACKGROUND: An abnormal immune response may play a pathogenetic role in chronic pancreatitis. However, to date characterization of the systemic immunological changes in patients with chronic pancreatitis has not been undertaken. METHODS: Lymphocyte phenotypes and proliferation ((3)H-thymidine) after stimulation with mitogens and interleukin-2 were studied in peripheral mononuclear cells from 11 patients with chronic pancreatitis (alcohol-induced n = 6; idiopathic pancreatitis n = 5). The natural killer cell activity was investigated in a (51)Cr release cytotoxicity assay. In vitro cytokine release of stimulated mononuclear cells was measured. RESULTS: Flow cytometric studies showed a significant decrease in the percentage of circulating CD8+, CD56+ and CD25+ cells in patients with chronic pancreatitis independent of the etiology. Comparing all patients with chronic pancreatitis to controls, the proliferation rate was not significantly increased, but patients with pain (n = 5) showed increased proliferation in comparison to patients without pain (n = 6). No significant difference in natural killer cytotoxicity was observed. The in vitro release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 by stimulated mononuclear cells was increased. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic pancreatitis is accompanied by systemic immune dysregulation. The observed changes in peripheral mononuclear cells reveal additional evidence that the cell-mediated immune response may contribute to the development of pain and tissue destruction in chronic pancreatitis.
Adult↗
Lymphocytopenia, T-lymphocyte subsets, and colorectal polyps in automotive pattern and model makers.
Several studies have found pattern and model makers to be at increased risk for colorectal polyps and colorectal cancers. One study found an increased prevalence of lymphocytopenia. The association of total lymphocyte, CD4 (T-helper cell), CD8 (T-suppressor cell), CD2 (total T-cell), and CD16 (natural killer cell) counts with biopsy-proved colorectal polyp status was investigated in 70 patternmakers participating in one or more of four sequential screenings. In logistic regression analyses after adjusting for age or trade years, pack-years smoked, and material worked with most, a history of any type of polyp was significantly associated with total lymphocyte count (odds ratio of 2.01 for a 500 cell/cc decrease, P = 0.03), and somewhat associated with decreased CD4 and CD2 counts (P values of 0.06 and 0.07, respectively). In linear regression models adjusted for age, pattern and model makers had (regardless of polyp status) significantly lower CD4, CD8, CD2, and CD16 counts than did laboratory reference controls (P value less than 0.01 for each comparison). These findings appear consistent with a sequence of carcinogenesis initiated by pattern and model makers' work-place exposures that depress immune surveillance thus promoting the development of colorectal polyps as a precursor of carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Clinical usefulness of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in canine lymphoma.
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Animals↗
Bone marrow transplantation and lymphocyte subset kinetics.
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Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
Lymphocyte subsets in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with motor conduction block.
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Aged↗
Lymphocyte subsets and CD45RA positive T-cells in normal canine cerebrospinal fluid.
In order to evaluate changes in lymphocyte subpopulations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells in neurological diseases, normal control data have to be established. In this study we evaluated CSF samples from 65 dogs of both sexes and various breeds with an age range between 5 months and 6 years, and 20 one-year-old healthy inbred Beagles. For comparison, blood samples from 10 healthy dogs were examined. 14 different antibodies against leukocyte surface markers were used. The subpopulations were evaluated using flow cytometry (FACS) and immunocytochemistry. It could be shown that lymphocyte populations in CSF differ from peripheral blood in a few subsets. A relatively high degree of individual variation was found, not only in dogs of different breeds and ages, but also in the inbred Beagle population. These large individual variations suggest that repeated paired CSF-blood samples during the course of neurological disease should be examined within the same individual to obtain meaningful results. CD3+ and CD4+ T-cells were significantly lower in normal CSF. Of great interest is the fact, that T-cells, characterized by double staining CD3/CD45RA are present in variable numbers in normal CSF. In other species they are known to be naive or resting T-cells. CD4/CD45RA positive cells seem to be an important subpopulation of these CD45RA positive T-cells. Furthermore, by far more CD11b positive lymphocytes were observed in the CSF than in the peripheral blood and these are not large granular lymphocytes. The present study shows that systematic FACS analysis of CSF is feasible in larger animals such as dogs.
Animals↗
Dichotomy of two CD8+ lymphocyte subsets in HIV infection. Depletion of CD8+ CD3- and expansion of CD8+ CD3+ subsets: consequence on the CD4/CD8 ratio.
In order to highlight the underlying mechanism(s) of the CD8 lymphocyte expansion in the HIV infection, two distinct CD8 subsets were analysed: T CD8bright+ CD3+ with MHC-restricted activity, and non-T CD8dim+ CD3-, which performs natural killer (NK) activity. It consists of a cross-sectional study including 168 HIV-infected patients (74 CDC stage II, 48 CDC stage III and 46 CDC stage IV) compared among them and to 60 healthy individuals. We observed an expansion of CD8+ CD3+ cells which masks a depletion of CD8+ CD3-. The comparative study showed that the expansion of the CD8+ CD3+ is relatively higher than that of total CD8+ lymphocytes and that the depletion of the CD8+ CD3- subset is severe, begins early and remains constant through the HIV progression. The comparison of CD4/CD8 and CD4/CD8+ CD3+ ratios showed that the latter could possibly be a better indicator in the HIV infection. The mechanism of inverted CD4/CD8 ratio in healthy individuals was also clarified. The CD8+ CD3+, CD8+ CD3- and CD4/CD8+ CD3+ parameters would be more specific markers than total CD8 and CD4/CD8 ratio especially in therapy trials.
Adult↗
No relation of tuberculin reactivity with quantitative analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in haemodialysis patients.
Anergic response to tuberculin (PPD) is well known in haemodialysis patients (HDp). This cross-sectional controlled study was conducted to analyse the correlation of PPD response with demographical features, nutritional parameters and the distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) subtypes. In this study 29 HDp (17 men, 12 women; mean age 30.9 +/- 9.5 years) and 13 controls (eight men, five women; mean age 29.2 +/- 6.4 years) were included. The mean time spent on dialysis was 20.5 +/- 17.4 months. The mean PPD response was lower in HDp than controls (7.5 +/- 8 mm vs. 15 +/- 4 mm, P = 0.001). Fourteen patients (48%) were PPD (-) (eight men, six women; mean age 34.1 +/- 11.1 years) and 15 were PPD (+) (normergic) (nine men, six women; mean age 26.8 +/- 3.4 years). No difference was observed between PPD (-) and (+) groups for age, sex and time spent on dialysis. As nutritional parameters, body mass index, serum albumin, creatinine and cholesterol levels were measured and no differences were found between controls and the PPD (-) and (+) groups. Absolute lymphocyte counts were lower in HDP compared to controls (1290 +/- 296 vs. 1570 +/- 307 cells ml-1; P = 0.01). PBL subtype percentages and absolute counts (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, HLADR+CD3+, CD16+56+, CD19) were also similar between PPD(-) and (+) HDp. It was concluded that PPD response cannot be predicted by the distribution of PBL subtypes. The most probable cause of this observation is regulation of PPD reactivity by in situ immune cells whose composition is not reflected in the distribution of PBL.
Cross-Sectional Studies↗
Epithelial HLA-DR expression and lymphocyte subsets in gastric mucosa in type B chronic gastritis.
Lymphocyte subpopulations (B, T4, T8), monocytes/macrophages (LeuM5, KiM5) and HLA-DR antigen expression were studied immunohistochemically in frozen sections from 32 antral and 37 fundal biopsies of type-B chronic gastritis. Aberrant HLA-DR antigen expression in epithelial cells of gastric mucosa was found in all cases closely related to mononuclear infiltrates. Epithelial HLA-DR expression and mononuclear infiltrates were practically absent in foci of intestinal metaplasia. These findings suggest that an immunopathologic mechanism probably plays a role in initiation or perpetuation of type-B chronic gastritis.
Chronic Disease↗
Modification of the contractile activity of isolated rat atria by lectin-activated T-lymphocyte subsets.
We had previously shown that human T-lymphocytes (ERFC) that had been activated for a short time with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) produced positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on spontaneously beating rat atria (Sterin-Borda, L., et al., Naunyn Scmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 324, 58, 1983). In this study, we first prepared T4-rich (T4) and T8-rich (T8) cells from ERFC by selective lysis with OKT4 and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies and rabbit complement. Then, we tested the effect of PHA-stimulated T4 (PHA-T4) and T8 (PHA-T8) on beating rat atria. PHA-T4 cells stimulated the tension and the frequency of contraction of isolated rat atria by a mechanism that involved the generation of the slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), since both 10(-5) M nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and 10(-7) M FPL-55712 were effective inhibitors. On the other hand, PHA-T8 cells decreased the tension of beating atria. Indomethacin (10(-6) M) could not block the depressor effect. Cell-free PHA-T4 supernatants reacted with the heart tissue similarly to whole PHA-T4 cells. Since NDGA or FPL-55712 treated organs did not respond to active PHA-T4 supernatants, the lipoxygenase system of the auricles seems to be required for the reaction and the active metabolites appear to derive mainly from the heart. Our results suggest that PHA-activated "helper/inducer" cells release soluble factors that can in turn trigger the lipoxygenase metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid in the heart, generating the active leukotrienes responsible for the positive inotropic and chronotropic effects.
Animals↗
T-lymphocyte subsets in pregnant women with Graves' disease.
T-lymphocyte subpopulations, anti-thyroid microsomal antibody titres, and free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine levels were investigated in 10 patients with Graves' disease before, during and after pregnancy. Twenty pregnant subjects and 100 normal age-matched, non-pregnant female volunteers served as controls. Pregnant patients with Graves' disease showed decrease levels of free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine, and decreased titres of anti-thyroid microsomal antibodies, with clinical remission during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Post partum, 9 patients showed clinical relapse, and all showed a return of enhanced levels of free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine and anti-thyroid microsomal antibodies. The percentage and absolute number of total T-lymphocytes (OKT3+) and OKT4+ cells significantly decreased during pregnancy in patients with Graves' disease and in normal women. Post partum, OKT3+ and OKT4+ cells returned to pre-pregnancy levels in both groups. In Graves patients and in controls, the percentage and absolute number of OKT8+ cells during pregnancy and post partum were not significantly different from pre-pregnancy levels. Lastly, the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio, which decreased in normal subjects at the three sampling times during pregnancy, decreased only in the last two trimesters of pregnancy in patients with Graves' disease.
Adolescent↗
Lymphocyte subset alterations in nodes regional to human melanoma.
The lymphocyte subpopulations in tumor-draining lymph nodes of melanoma patients were determined using two-color flow cytometry. Data were analyzed according to: (a) the staging of the melanoma; (b) whether or not the nodes contained tumor; and (c) their distance from the primary tumor. Compared with Stage I patients (without metastasis), uninvolved nodes of stage II patients (with nodal metastases) had a significant decrease in helper/inducer (CD4+) T-cells (P less than 0.001), with a corresponding increase in cytotoxic/suppressor (CD8+) cells (P less than 0.001) and Leu 19+ natural killer (CD56+) cells (P less than 0.01). In some patients the presence of tumor within a node was associated with a large decrease in CD3+ total T-cells, whereas in others tumor involvement had little influence on lymphocyte phenotypes. When analyzed by distance from the primary tumor, nodes closest to tumor in Stage I patients contained a smaller percentage of CD19+ B-cells. In Stage II, tumor-free nodes nearest to tumor showed an increase in CD19+ cells, but statistical significance was not reached. CD56+ natural killer cells increased progressively in nodes near tumor and were more numerous in Stage II uninvolved nodes compared with Stage I nodes. Alterations in phenotypically defined lymph node lymphocytes occur in nodes regional to melanoma as the disease progresses, as growth of metastases occurs, and in tumor-free nodes nearest to tumor. These alterations may be essential to the establishment and progression of metastases.
Adult↗
Lymphocyte subsets in infants with wheezy bronchitis.
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Bronchitis↗
Role of T-lymphocyte subsets in recovery from respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves.
The role of T-cell subsets in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was investigated by using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to selectively deplete gnotobiotic calves of CD4+, CD8+, or WC1+ gamma delta T-cell receptor+ lymphocytes. Injection of these MAbs produced specific reductions of the target cell populations in the circulation and tissues. Ten days after RSV infection, immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG1, and IgA antibodies were detected in sera and lung washings from control calves. Depletion of CD8+ T cells had no effect on either the serum or local antibody responses to RSV, whereas depletion of CD4+ T cells suppressed the antibody responses in two of three calves. The IgM and IgA responses were significantly increased in the lung washings of calves from which WC1+ T cells were depleted. Depletion of CD4+ or WC1+ T cells caused no significant delay in virus clearance, although an increase in the extent of pneumonic consolidation was observed in anti-CD4-treated calves. Nasopharyngeal excretion of RSV was prolonged in calves depleted of CD8+ T cells, and virus was isolated in high titers from lung washings of these animals 10 days after infection, whereas virus had been cleared from lung washings of all other animals. The delayed virus clearance was associated with an increase in the severity of pneumonic consolidation in three of four of the calves from which CD8+ T cells were depleted. This study shows that CD8+ T cells play a dominant role in the recovery of calves from RSV infection.
Animals↗