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PubMed2006

Inheritance of gynoecism in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.).

The inheritance of sex expression in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and other cucurbits is well documented; however, the genetics of female sex (gynoecism) expression in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) has not been described. Inheritance of gynoecism in bitter gourd was studied in a 100% gynoecious line (Gy263B). The F(2) and testcross segregation data revealed that gynoecism in Gy263B is under the control of a single, recessive gene. Following the gene nomenclature of cucurbits, it is proposed that the gene symbol, gy-1, be assigned for the expression of gynoecism in bitter gourd.

Genomic Imprinting↗
PubMed2002

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), a knowledgebase of human genes and genetic disorders.

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a comprehensive, authoritative and timely knowledgebase of human genes and genetic disorders compiled to support research and education in human genomics and the practice of clinical genetics. Started by Dr Victor A. McKusick as the definitive reference Mendelian Inheritance in Man, OMIM (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim) is now distributed electronically by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), where it is integrated with the Entrez suite of databases. Derived from the biomedical literature, OMIM is written and edited at Johns Hopkins University with input from scientists and physicians around the world. Each OMIM entry has a full-text summary of a genetically determined phenotype and/or gene and has numerous links to other genetic databases such as DNA and protein sequence, PubMed references, general and locus-specific mutation databases, approved gene nomenclature, and the highly detailed mapviewer, as well as patient support groups and many others. OMIM is an easy and straightforward portal to the burgeoning information in human genetics.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2005

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), a knowledgebase of human genes and genetic disorders.

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a comprehensive, authoritative and timely knowledgebase of human genes and genetic disorders compiled to support human genetics research and education and the practice of clinical genetics. Started by Dr Victor A. McKusick as the definitive reference Mendelian Inheritance in Man, OMIM (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/) is now distributed electronically by the National Center for Biotechnology Information, where it is integrated with the Entrez suite of databases. Derived from the biomedical literature, OMIM is written and edited at Johns Hopkins University with input from scientists and physicians around the world. Each OMIM entry has a full-text summary of a genetically determined phenotype and/or gene and has numerous links to other genetic databases such as DNA and protein sequence, PubMed references, general and locus-specific mutation databases, HUGO nomenclature, MapViewer, GeneTests, patient support groups and many others. OMIM is an easy and straightforward portal to the burgeoning information in human genetics.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1998

The inheritance of glomerulosclerosis in mice is controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci.

BACKGROUND: Glomerulosclerosis, the common terminal event in chronic glomerular diseases such as diabetic nephropathy or IgA nephropathy, leads to end-stage renal disease. The considerable variation in both the risk of developing glomerulosclerosis and the rate of progression in individual patients suggest a role for genetic factors which have not been identified so far. In this study we sought to examine the mode of inheritance of glomerulosclerosis in mice. METHODS: F1 animals of a mating between glomerulosclerosis-prone ROP-Os/+ male and non-sclerotic C3H female mice were backcrossed to the ROP strain. We took advantage of the radiation-induced mutation oligosyndactylism (Os) to identify glomerulosclerosis at the age of 3 months. Kidneys were perfused in situ with PBS/Formalin 10%. The extent of glomerulosclerotic lesions was evaluated on PAS stained paraffin sections using computer-aided morphometry. RESULTS: F1 mice did not show any glomerulosclerosis. In the backcross offspring, we found a wide distribution of glomerular lesions between individual animals, ranging from normal to very severe. We calculated that at least 8-10 loci determine the severity of glomerulosclerosis in mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that glomerulosclerosis is inherited in a recessive fashion involving at least 8-10 loci.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The inherited component of cancer.

All cancer types exhibit familial clustering, suggestive of a significant inherited component; however, to date only a few of the genes responsible have been identified and the inherited component, if any, underlying most common cancers has not been well defined. Amongst the important known susceptibility genes are those dominant genes conferring a high risk of breast and ovarian cancer (BRCA1), colon cancer (hMSH2 and hMLH1), and melanoma (MLM). All these genes confer a high lifetime risk of the disease concerned, but are rare and only account for a small minority (less than 5%) of cases. However, there are also commoner genes conferring lower risks but accounting for a more substantial fraction of cancer cases; those so far identified include the ataxia-telangiectasia gene and the HRAS1 minisatellite locus.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sensitivity of rat testes to inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis. III. The inheritance of mitomycin C-induced structural rearrangements of chromosomes.

The inheritance of mitomycin C-induced aberrations was studied. Examination of spermatogonia showed statistically significant differences between the progeny of the untreated and treated rats in terms of total aberrant cells and chromosomal structural rearrangements. With the exception of gaps, breaks and fragments, which showed no significant differences between the progeny of the two treatment groups, the rest of the aberrations scored revealed significant increases in their frequencies with an increase in daily doses of mitomycin C (MC). The profile of the aberrations demonstrated a high incidence of X and Y chromosome dissociations, multiple autosomal associations, hypodiploidy, and translocation. Translocations consisted of autosome-autoome, autosome-X chromosome, autosome-X-Y chromosome, and autosome-Y chromosome. It is suggested that the reduced number of offspring per female in the F1 was the consequence of inherited MC-induced chromosomal errors.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chondrodystrophy: an inherited lethal condition in turkey embryos.

Chondrodystrophy was found to occur as an embryonic lethal in a special line of turkeys. Inheritance of the condition was studied in embryos produced parthenogenetically from virgin dams and also in embryos from the same dams in bisexual matings. Expression was similar to other forms of the disorder encountered in various avian species. Micromelia and brachycephaly were recognized in affected embryos after 9 days while lethality occurred mainly after 16 days of incubation. A few affected embryos expressed modified phenotypes and these were also nonviable. Modified phenotypes were not observed in parthenogenetic production, and it was thus inferred that such embryos may have been heterozygotes. No changes were evident when the genetic background was altered. The condition was inherited as a single, autosomal, recessive lethal, in both parthenogenetic progeny and in progeny from bisexual matings. The symbol ch is designated for the mutant allele.

Achondroplasia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Esterases in the house fly. Polymorphisms and inheritance patterns.

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to examine the variability and inheritance of esterases in five strains of the house fly, Musca domestica L. Individual zymograms exhibited 8 to 15 bands that could be assigned to one of five zones designated as A through E from anode to cathode. Correlations of P1-F1 banding patterns indicated the existence of at least 3 different loci in zone A. 2 each in zones B and C, and 4 in zone D; no clear inheritance patterns were discernable for the bands of zone E. Only the Es-5 locus of zone C was monomorphic in all of the strains studied. Eight loci possessed null alleles and codominant alleles were detected at six loci. The results suggest that esterases should prove useful for measuring relationships among fly populations or for various studies of population dynamics.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inheritance of spotting in the leopard danio.

The inheritance of spotting pattern was investigated in the teleosts Brachydanio nigrofasciatus (leopard danio) and B. frankei (spotted danio). The segregation patterns observed in the progenies from nine different matings indicate a single-factor inheritance of the leopard and spotted phenotypes with complete dominance of the leopard type. In view of these observations, it is suggested that the species status of B. frankei be reexamined.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inheritance of porcine stress syndrome.

A total of 66 litters were farrowed in a Yorkshire herd of pigs selected for porcine stress syndrome (PSS) susceptibility. These litters included all possible combinations of matings between stress-susceptible, stress-carrier, and stress-resistant animals. When the data were analyzed by within-litter chi-square analysis, the null hypothesis of recessive inheritance could not be rejected (P less than 0.05). In addition, when the data were analyzed across litters, the null hypothesis of autosomal recessive inheritance could not be rejected (P less than 0.05).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mode of inheritance of deficient corpus callosum in mice.

Many mice of the inbred strain BALB/cCF have deficient corpus callosum, and a few of them have total absence of this large forebrain commissure. Reciprocal F1 hybrid crosses with the inbred strains A/J, C57BL/6J, and DBA/2J revealed that inheritance of the defect is completely recessive. Reciprocal backcrosses to BALB/cCf revealed that inheritance is not attributable to a single Mendelian locus with the same degree of penetrance as in the parent strain. The ac locus has not been rediscovered. Instead, there is good reason to withdraw ac from current listings of Mendelian loci in the mouse.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Narrow axis: an inherited anomaly of the second cervical vertebra in the rabbit.

Narrow axis, an inherited anomaly resulting in a marked narrowing of the second cervical vertebra, has been observed in strain X/J rabbits. This condition is first recognizable on X rays at 32-33 days gestation. For size comparisons 21 measurements of the first five cervical vertebrae were taken on the skeletons of each of 14 strain X/J animals (7 normal and 7 with narrow axis) and 14 IIIC/J animals for control at two months of age and 27 strain X/J (11 normal and 16 narrow axis) and 14 strain IIIC/J at seven months of age. The primary effect appeared to be a premature fusion of the centrum with its neural arches. Expression is variable. The effect on the posterior articulation of the atlas appeared to be secondary and adaptive. The other cervical vertebrae and the foramen magnum were relatively unaffected. In the 20-year period encompassed in this report, X rays of 3244 rabbits were used for genetic analysis. Inheritance appears to be due to a single autosomal recessive gene with incomplete penetrance. The condition is neither sex-linked nor sex-limited. We propose the symbol nx for the gene responsible for narrow axis in the rabbit.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inheritance of the henny-feathering trait of the Sebright bantam chicken.

The henny -feathering trait of the Sebright bantam chicken is the result of an enhanced rate of estrogen synthesis (aromatase activity) in skin and other peripheral tissues of this bird. To gain insight into the underlying nature of this mutation, we examined the inheritance of this trait using a sensitive isotopic assay for aromatase activity. All birds of the F1 generation obtained by crossing homozygous henny X non- henny chickens expressed increased aromatase in the skin, and the males exhibited henny -feathering plumage. The average rate of aromatase activity in the skin of F1 chicks was approximately half that of homozygous henny chicks. The distribution of increased aromatase activity in the F2 generation and in the backcrosses of F1 to the two types of parental strains suggest that the enzyme activity in extragonadal tissues is regulated predominantly by one autosomal gene. Attempts to demonstrate linkage to several known loci by backcrossing F1 heterozygotes with parental chickens carrying a variety of genetic markers were unsuccessful. We conclude that the enhanced estrogen synthesis in extragonadal tissues in chickens carrying this gene is inherited as an autosomal codominant but that a half maximal level of the enzyme is sufficient to allow full development of female feathering in affected male birds so that henny -feathering is transmitted as a dominant trait.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inheritance of brachydactyly type D.

Inheritance of brachydactyly type D (BD-D) was studied in two unreported Caucasian family pedigrees and in 36 previously reported family pedigrees. The inheritance pattern was characteristic of a single autosomal dominant gene with incomplete penetrance. Using the proportion of individuals exhibiting the trait as the index, penetrance was sex influenced, being complete in females and approximately 62 percent in males. Expression of BD-D in both females and males was bilateral (both thumbs) for approximately three-fourths and unilateral (either right or left thumb) for approximately one-fourth of the individuals.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autosomal recessive inheritance of congenital goiter in Afrikander cattle.

Congenital goiter was reported in a number of herds of Afrikander cattle in the 1950's. Some affected animals were assembled and maintained as a closed herd. Although considerable biochemical research into the nature of the disease has been conducted, no definitive report has described the mode of inheritance of the defect. This paper presents the results of breeding studies that indicate the defect is inherited as an autosomal recessive. Southern blot analysis of the thyroglobulin gene confirms this finding. In addition, serum levels of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotropin), T3 (3,4,3'-tri-iodothyronine), T4 (thyroxine), rT3 (3,3',5'-tri-iodothyronine), and DIT (diiodotyrosine) of goitrous animals are compared with normal animals.

Africa, Southern↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inheritance of a new bleeding disease in a herd of swine with Willebrand's disease.

A herd of swine affected by Willebrand's disease was begun in 1967 at the Mayo Clinic in order to study the inherited hemostatic abnormality in swine as a model for the human disease. Affected individuals have bleeding times in excess of 15 minutes, extremely low levels of Willebrand factor (less than or equal to 0.25 percent of normal), and decreased levels of VIII coagulant activity. Individuals with long bleeding times, higher levels of Willebrand factor and normal levels of VIII coagulant activity began to appear in the colony. It is hypothesized that this new (N) condition is inherited as a simple autosomal recessive (N/n) at a locus separate and independent of the similarly autosomal recessive (A/a) von Willebrand locus. In addition, the Willebrand locus is epistatic to the N locus, i.e., individuals will only express the new condition provided there is at least one normal allele at the von Willebrand locus. Therefore, individuals with genotype aa--are all von Willebrand phenotypically, and A-nn individuals have the new disease.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multifactorial inheritance of common white markings in the Arabian horse.

The results of a previous study were compatible with the hypothesis that common white facial markings in the Arabian horse have a multifactorial mode of inheritance. I expanded that study to (1) include the legs and therefore obtain insight into the heritability of common white markings in all peripheral regions (face and legs) of the Arabian horse and (2) investigate the influence of sex and the genotypes that produce the bay and chestnut phenotypes on the variation in common white markings. Both studies were based on computerized data obtained from the Arabian Horse Registry of America, Inc. Each leg of a horse was scored from 0 to 5 depending on the amount of whiteness present, and the four leg scores were added to obtain the total leg score for each horse. The facial region was divided into five areas, and each horse was given a score from 0 to 5 according to the number of areas with whiteness. Sire families were analyzed in which each sire family consisted of a sire, his foals, and the dams of those foals. There was a correlation between white facial scores and white leg scores, suggesting that both types of white markings are influenced by the same genetic mechanism. Sire-foal and dam-foal regression analyses were compatible with the hypothesis that common white leg markings also show multifactorial inheritance. Although the results support the model that additively acting genes (polygenes) influence the presence and extent of common white markings, the results also show that males are slightly more marked than are females and that chestnut horses are more heavily marked than are bay horses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dominant inheritance of overo spotting in paint horses.

Analysis of selected studbook records of the American Paint Horse Association, consisting of 687 foals sired by 13 overo stallions from non-overo mares, supports the inheritance of overo spotting as an autosomal dominant gene. More than one gene may control patterns registered as overo. Additional studies are necessary to explain the sporadic occurrence of overo spotting from nonspotted quarter horse parents and to confirm the inheritance of overo spotting in other breeds.

Animals↗