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Baby steps.

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Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The beginning of the fertility transition in Mexico. The offspring of women born in the first half of the twentieth century].

"The analysis of probable growth rates among families, based on census figures, proved that fertility rates in Mexico began to fall earlier and less selectively than suggested by previous studies. The first changes in reproductive patterns occurred prior to official family planning programs. A state-by-state probability analysis discovered the existence of three groups of states corresponding to the different stages of changing fertility rates." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Americas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Birth-rate re-appraisal in southern Africa.

The birth rate may not be slowing as fast as originally thought in Botswana and Zimbabwe, the two Sub-Saharan countries believed to be making the best progress towards curtailing population growth. A new study from the World Bank has re-examined the evidence on which the claims of fertility decline were based, and concluded that the figures may have been misinterpreted. Two censuses, carried out in 1984 and 1988, revealed a steep drop in the birth-rate. But the bank study shows that the two surveys are no longer compatible, because the later one questioned better-educated women. Women who have more schooling are more likely to be using contraceptives, regardless of the success or failure of a country's family planning program. This means that projections for the size of the two countries' populations have certainly been underestimated. "Among women aged 25 to 34 years in Zimbabwe in 1984, between 20% - 50% of the observed fertility-decline can be attributed to differences in education across the surveys; between 20% - 30% of the decline among women aged 35 to 44 years in Botswana can similarly be explained," the report says.

Africa↗
PubMed1995

New characteristics of population in China at the cross-century period.

"In the 21 years since China launched its family planning program nationwide, the Chinese population characteristics have gone through profound changes. Timely understanding of the new characteristics and their influences on population reproduction is of significant theoretical and practical importance for population changes in China as we enter into the 21st century. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of this process of change." Particular attention is given to demographic aging and its consequences.

Asia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Successfully meeting population goals. Islamic Republic of Iran.

The Islamic Republic of Iran has achieved success in attaining several population goals noted H.E. A. Arabmazar, head of that country's delegation to the 53rd session of the Commission. During the last decade "the infant mortality rate declined from 44/1000 to 26/1000 live births. Life expectancy rose from 61 to 68 years and the literacy rate increased from 62.2% to 85%," he informed the Commission. Further, the population growth rate has declined from 3.2% to 1.7%, he added. Another Iranian representative at the Senior Officials segment of the meeting said that poverty alleviation measures implemented in recent years by the Government have dramatically reduced the incidence of poverty. The number of people living below the poverty line has fallen to 17% of the total population compared with 47% at the end of the decade of the 1970s. Among the measures implemented by the country is the provision of health care, including a very successful family planning program. Others are human resources development and creating productive employment opportunities. "Sustained employment is a major means of poverty alleviation," said the Iranian delegate. "It is essential that programs of human resources development aim at enabling the poor to become qualified for employment opportunities. Moreover, greater attention should be given to the expansion and improvement of social services and the empowerment and capability building of the poor." Currently, a poverty alleviation bill is being discussed by the Parliament and, if it is ratified, will be implemented from 1997.

Asia↗