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At least 1,459 records · Page 81Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[A study on the cranium internal facial nerve root comb scraping for the treatment of facial spas].

OBJECTIVE: Studying about the good qualities of the treatment for facial spas by cranium internal facial never root comb scraping. METHOD: After improve sigmoid sinus carding operation and several stratums of nerve root being carded, use fine knife to card obliquityly the small never finbers one by one again, part of the small fibers can be scraped off if the spasm is serious. RESULT: One recurrence ocurred after three years' follow-up survey of 23 patients who have received the operation. CONCLUSION: The good quality is "double insurance", increasing curative effect, decreasing the rate of recurrence and preventing the complication.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy with sinus dysfunction].

We report a 47-year-old man with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) presenting with sinus dysfunction. He became unable to roll over and stand up at the age of 42, but he could still walk. Facial muscle involvement, scapular winging, asymmetrical involvement, funnel chest, and the absence of contractures were typical of FSHD. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac echogram showed the overload of both right atrium and ventricle. On Holter ECG, transient P wave inversion and P-P interval elongation (maximally 2.4 seconds) repeatedly appeared mainly during sleep. There was no bundle branch block, atrioventricular junctional rhythm, or increase of premature ventricular beats. Vital capacity was decreased (0.62 L, 16% of the predicted value). Arterial blood gas analysis showed hypercapnia and hypoxia which aggravated during sleep (PaCO2 87.3Torr, PaO2 41.5Torr). Sleep apnea was not observed. Intracardiac ECG was not performed and he died 2 weeks later. In FSHD, sinus node dysfunction may become distinct especially in the setting of respiratory failure.

Electrocardiography, Ambulatory↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical analysis of 30 cases of stiff-man syndrome].

Thirty cases of SMS, including 22 cases reported previously in China, were analysed clinically manifested by involvement of neck and facial muscles, slurred speech, dysphagia or dyspnea, exaggerated tendon reflexes, ankle clonus and/or Hoffmann's sign. Half of them had past history of infection. Five out of 18 CSF examined showed elevation of protein content, immunoglobulin and white cell count, suggesting the presence of inflammation or demyelination changes in CNS. The pathology of the syndrome is probably located in the spinal cord or brain stem. The criteria for diagnosis are proposed. For treatment, the dosage and way of administration of diazepam should be judged according to the severeness of the disease; nitrazepam and clonazepam are effective, too.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Neurovascular decompression for hemifacial spasm].

Thirty-six cases of hemifacial spasm were treated by neurovascular decompression. Via transposterior cranial fossa approach, a small incision was made behind the ear. After careful dissection, a piece of teflon was placed between the vessel and initial segment of the facial nerve root and fixed with silver clip after wrapping of the nerve root. The cases were free from tic immediately after operation. Follow-up of 34 cases for 1 month to 3.5 years showed no recurrence and less and mild operative complications. In this series physiological function of the facial nerve was kept well and there was no mortality. This operation is regarded as the first choice in the treatment of hemifacial spasm.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Drug-induced movement disorders in institutionalised adults with mental retardation: clinical characteristics and risk factors.

Fifty-three institutionalised adults with mental retardation, the majority (73.5%) moderate to severe, were examined for drug-induced movement disorders. Using a global AIMS score of 2 or more, 16 (34%) of the 47 subjects who had been exposed to neuroleptics had tardive dyskinesia (TD). Three of these had developed the dyskinesia upon withdrawal of neuroleptics. The dyskinetic movements were mainly seen in the lingual, perioral and other facial muscles. Two (33%) out of 6 subjects with no history of exposure to neuroleptics also had similar dyskinetic movements. The total neuroleptic dose significantly, and age marginally, but not sex, brain damage or level of mental retardation, emerged as risk factors for TD. Two (3.7%) subjects had definite akathisia and 16 (30.8%) significant extrapyramidal side effects. This study supports the findings of previous studies of considerable neurological adverse effects of neuroleptics in this patient group and cautions against their injudicious use. It provides further evidence for some putative risk factors for TD and is noteworthy for its lack of support for the contentious issue of brain damage as a risk factor.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Centronuclear myopathy (author's transl)].

Three cases of centronuclear myopathy are reported in a sibship. The disease starts during the late childhood and has a very slow progressive course. Clinical examination reveals a ptosis of the eyelids, a weakness of the facial muscles, a high-arched palate and a diffuse involvement of the lower extremities. The respiratory muscles are involved in the two oldest siblings. Combined morphological studies of the tibialis anterior muscle in one patient demonstrate the following features: 1. the presence of small type I fibres and of large type I or type II fibres; 2. a predominance of type I fibers which represent 86% of the total amount of muscle fibres; 3. central nuclei in about 98% of the muscle fibres; 4. moderate ultrastructural changes. All these features are compared with the relevant data of the literature.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1992

Acupuncture and occlusal splint therapy in the treatment of craniomandibular disorders. Part I. A comparative study.

One hundred and ten patients, 23 males and 87 females, participated in a comparative study of the effect of acupuncture and occlusal splint therapy. All the patients exhibited signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders (CMD) and had had pain for more than six months. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups; acupuncture treatment, occlusal splint therapy or control. The patients were evaluated before and immediately after treatment/control time. Ten different subjective and/or clinical assessment variables were used in the evaluation of the treatment effects. Both acupuncture and occlusal splint therapy reduced the symptoms as compared with the control group in which the symptoms remained essentially unchanged. In this short-term study, acupuncture gave better subjective results (p < 0.001) than the occlusal splint therapy.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2003

Phylogeny and embryology of the facial nerve and related structures. Part I: Phylogeny.

The study of evolution provides invaluable insights into human structure and function. Much of evolution is recapitulated during human gestation. Understanding the evolutionary process helps clarify seemingly complex embryology and anatomy, such as that of the facial nerve and related ear structures, as well as the anomalies that occur when human development is interrupted.

Anatomy, Comparative↗
PubMed1992

The aid of computerized tomography in hemifacial spasm.

Although the physiopathological mechanisms causing hemifacial spasm are not clearly understood, it is generally accepted that the causative factor is compression of the facial nerve at its root exit zone. In this paper we present seven cases of hemifacial spasm which were studied by dynamic CT scanning in the preoperative period, and treated with microvascular decompression. We suggest that CT scanning has considerable diagnostic value in disclosing the asymmetrical vascular formation causing root exit zone compression and that microvascular decompression should be the treatment of choice in this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Successful treatment of hemifacial spasm with selective facial nerve block using doxorubicin (adriamycin) under local anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with selective chemical rhizotomy of facial nerves using adriamycin (ADM) in a patient with hemifacial spasm (HFS). This unique technique is less invasive than intracranial neurosurgery and enables one to perform a permanent nerve block under local anesthesia. PATIENT: The patient, a 73-year-old female, had difficulty opening her left eye. Following unsuccessful treatment with anti-epileptic medicine, she received selective intraneural injections of ADM under local anesthesia. One week after the surgery the spasms had disappeared completely. No major complications were caused by this procedure and there had been no recurrence of spasms 3 years after the surgery. RESULTS: It is thought that recurrence of HFS should be observed after simple neurotomy due to regrowth of nerve fibers. However, this did not occur after chemical rhizotomy with ADM. This method clearly differs from previously used varieties of simple neurotomy because the latter technique does not cause severe destructive changes in the facial motor nucleus. CONCLUSION: Selective facial nerve chemical rhizotomy with ADM under local anesthesia may be effective in treating a subgroup of patients with HFS, especially elderly patients and those in the high-risk group for general anesthesia and intracranial neurosurgery.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Videomimicography: a new objective evaluation of facial motor function].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a new method, videomimicography (VMG), to evaluate facial motor function. METHODS: During VMG, 11 landmarks were placed on the face, and 5 movements (forehead lifting, eye closure, nose wrinkling, lip puckering and smiling) with maximal contraction were requested. A digital video film was recorded then fed in a computer to be analyzed. Ten normal subjects were used as normal control. RESULTS: Area measures were found better than distance measures in evaluating facial movements. The best measure for each movement was determined. Then a global index of facial motor function was derived from these measures. This index was found well correlated with the facial paralysis House-Brackmann grade in 48 patients with facial paralysis (r = -0.928). CONCLUSION: VMG is an objective, quantitative, relative simple method. It has good reproducibility. So it can be used in clinic for evaluating facial motor function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Sialorrhea: a management challenge.

Sialorrhea (drooling or excessive salivation) is a common problem in neurologically impaired children (i.e., those with mental retardation or cerebral palsy) and in adults who have Parkinson's disease or have had a stroke. It is most commonly caused by poor oral and facial muscle control. Contributing factors may include hypersecretion of saliva, dental malocclusion, postural problems, and an inability to recognize salivary spill. Sialorrhea causes a range of physical and psychosocial complications, including perioral chapping, dehydration, odor, and social stigmatization, that can be devastating for patients and their families. Treatment of sialorrhea is best managed by a clinical team that includes primary health care providers, speech pathologists, occupational therapists, dentists, orthodontists, neurologists, and otolaryngologists. Treatment options range from conservative (i.e., observation, postural changes, biofeedback) to more aggressive measures such as medication, radiation, and surgical therapy. Anticholinergic medications, such as glycopyrrolate and scopolamine, are effective in reducing drooling, but their use may be limited by side effects. The injection of botulinum toxin type A into the parotid and submandibular glands is safe and effective in controlling drooling, but the effects fade in several months, and repeat injections are necessary. Surgical intervention, including salivary gland excision, salivary duct ligation, and duct rerouting, provides the most effective and permanent treatment of significant sialorrhea and can greatly improve the quality of life of patients and their families or caregivers.

Humans↗