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PubMed1991

[Psychological aftereffects of the disaster at the Chernobyl NPS].

Available are the data on the trend in psychoneurological syndromes demonstrable in all the periods of developing acute radiation disease in the victims of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power station. It is shown that the risk of small-dose ionizing radiation may lead to psychological dysadaptation. Psychogenias are outlined as far as their triggering factors and manifestations in members of the emergency teams are concerned.

Accidents↗
PubMed1991

[Community intervention during economic disasters].

A political conflict forced banks to close down in Panama during March 1988. Thus, thousand of families were unable to meet their most basic needs during that lapse of time. This paper describes a community intervention program that was set up in the midst of such an economic disaster. That program emphasized mental health consultation techniques to help devising an effective organizational action as well as developing standards to determine needs, and a clear-cut two-way communication with the affected families. The incidence of emotional disorder was assessed with the Self Report Questionnaire, and crisis intervention was offered to any people who should apply for it. Cognitive responses, coping behaviors, and social supports were also assessed. Results showed that those individuals excluded from a full participation in their culture were much more likely to develop emotional disorders. Finding that affected people showed a scarce self-help behavior was interpreted as a feature of the transcultural transaction between affected people, and professionals.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

[Children and disasters. Guidelines for a working model--experiences from the mental health services for children after the aircrash at Brønnøysund].

The article reviews general principles and an intervention program for the care of children in a crisis situation. The author reports on assistance to children after an air crash in a remote district of Northern Norway, when all 36 on board the plane were killed. Intervention along these guidelines is also recommended for use by general practitioners, nurses and social workers in cases of lesser crisis. It is important to ensure that plans are made in all Norwegian regions to follow-up children who have experienced disaster.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Richard Pearson Strong and the iatrogenic plague disaster in Bilibid Prison, Manila, 1906.

In November 1906, Richard Pearson Strong, then head of the Philippine Biological Laboratory, inoculated 24 men--inmates of Manila's Bilibid Prison--with a cholera vaccine that somehow had been contaminated with plague organisms; 13 men died. The governor-general of the Philippines appointed a general committee to investigate the affair, and the U.S. Senate demanded information about the episode. Although the Senate, the secretary of war, and even the president were kept informed of developments, no mainland investigations ensued. The general committee concluded that Strong was negligent for not having locks on his incubators and for leaving a visiting physician alone in the laboratory, where he might have mixed up the cholera and plague cultures on the fateful day. The committee's charge was referred to the attorney general, who found Strong innocent of criminal negligence, whereupon the governor-general exonerated Strong. Strong was despondent over Bilibid but recovered and developed a noteworthy career in American tropical medicine. In retrospect, the disaster at Bilibid presents an epitome of the problems surrounding the use of prisoner-subjects without authorization and without their voluntary consent. Far ahead of its time, the general committee recognized and condemned the shortcomings and urged reform, pleas the government ignored. The Bilibid episode remains, however, as a cautionary tale for those engaged in clinical research.

Cholera Vaccines↗
PubMed1989

Mass fatality aircraft disaster processing.

On Dec. 12, 1985, a contract transport carrying 248 U.S. Army personnel crashed on takeoff at Gander, Nfld., Canada, killing all the passengers as well as the crew of eight. This was the worst aircraft accident in U.S. military history and, at the time was the fifth worst accident in aviation history. Cooperation between the governments of Canada and the United States allowed for the transport of all human remains to the U.S. Air Force mortuary facility at Dover AFB, DE, where they were processed, identified, and ultimately returned to their families for burial. Under ideal circumstances, any medical examiner's office or mortuary facility would be overwhelmed by a mass disaster of this magnitude. Before the arrival of the first shipment of bodies, a concerted planning effort was undertaken and the facility arranged so that remains would pass in a logical sequence through a series of 10 "work stations." This report details the process and outlines the logistics of the operations.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed1993

Infant morbidity and mortality in a region of ecological disaster.

Infant morbidity and mortality in the Upper Silesian Industrial Region (USIR) are indices of ecological disaster. In the most polluted region of such towns as Bytom, Chorzów and Zabrze, the infant mortality rate is very high and increasing. Indices of infant morbidity were higher in Katowice district than in the rest of Poland. Low birth weight (below 2,500 g) depends on the degree of pollution and influences the infant mortality rate. Most parents of children who died in the first year of life have been resident for at least 15 years. In Zabrze in recent years the percentage of congenital defects as the main cause of infant mortality is increasing.

Air Pollution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tobacco: a future disaster for Turkey's children.

Limited data from Turkey indicate that smoking presents a major threat to Turkish children. Parental, particularly maternal, smoking results in an increase in spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, congenital abnormalities, neonatal death and decreased physical and mental development in the infant, which can persist into adult life. Parental smoking results in increased rates of respiratory and middle ear illness in children, more so in infants and in older children more school absences. Naturally both of the effects are even greater if the children start to smoke themselves. Smoking parents are more likely to have smoking children, so that the cycle of illness repeats in future generations. Doctors have a major responsibility to save both present and future generations from this disaster. In this article appropriate action is outlined.

Adolescent↗