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At least 1,459 records · Page 81Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of the use of calcitonin in rheumatoid arthritis by bone densitometry and the study of of phospho-calcium metabolism].

Forty-eight patients were subdivided into three groups according to the stage of their rheumatoid arthritis and to whether or not they received glucocorticoids; they were compared to healthy volunteers of similar sex, age, and body weight. Before calcitonin treatment, bone mineral content (BMC) of RA patients was significantly lowered, especially in patients with 3rd and 4th Steinbroker degree and in those taking glucocorticoids. Synthetic eel calcitonin was administered in three 60-day cycles separated by 40-day intervals with daily dosage 40 U.M.R.C. (1 vial). This treatment did not result in a increase of BMC compared to baseline. A further decrease of BMC observed at the end of treatment was not statistically significant. No appreciable variation was found in parameters of phospho-calcic metabolism.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1993

[Bone densitometry: is it a real clinical contribution?].

Bone absorptiometry has allowed a real progression in the study of osteoporosis. Radiological dual-photon absorptiometry measures bone density with a precision near to 1%, which renders it useful for clinical use. Osteoporosis is specially prevalent among women older than 50 years. Since the disease is usually silent and there is not treatment to increase bone mass, its early detection is mandatory. The National Osteoporosis Foundation has specified the indications for bone absorptiometry. Although the routine measurement in postmenopausal women is not recommended, the author estimates that this guidance will change, due to the high prevalence of asymptomatic osteopenia in these women.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1993

[Bone density and mineral content in normal men. Measurement by dual photon densitometry].

The aim of this study was to measure whole body, L2 to L4 vertebral bodies and femoral neck bone density and mineral content, using a dual photon densitometer with a 153Gd source, in normal male subjects. One hundred twenty five males, aged 20 to 85 years, were studied. Subjects were separated, according to age in 5 year groups, with at least 10 subjects per group. Height did not show secular changes until 70 years of age, but a 9 kg increase in weight and a 3.8 kg/m2 increase in body mass index was observed. Lumbar spine bone density was 1.066 g/cm2 between 20 and 29 years and did not change with increasing age. In the same age group, femoral neck density was 1.034 g/cm2 and it decreased steadily after the age of 40 (slope = -0.003) with an annual loss of 0.23%. Total mineral content decreased from 2.477 g in the first age group to 2.316 g in subjects 70 years old or older. This represents a net loss of 6.5% in this period. Compared with normal females from a previous study, young men have similar spine and femoral neck densities than young women until the age of 50. In women over this age, there is a steady decline in lumbar spine density and the decrease in femoral neck density is more marked than in men. Also, total mineral content is higher in young men and its 6.5% loss with age is much lesser than the 31.6% loss observed in women.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1993

[Body composition (densitometry-hydrostatics), skinfold thickness, BMI and their relationships in junior high school girls].

A study was conducted to evaluate body composition (Hydrostatics = Under-Water Weighing), skinfold thickness, and BMI in 97 junior high school girls, aged 12 to 15, in Nagasaki City. Body density was measured by under-water weighing, and the two compartments--fat weight (Fat) and lean body mass (LBM, or fat free weight: FFW)--were calculated using the formulas of Brozek et al. The results were as follows; 1. Mean values of body density were 1.0501 in first grade girls, 1.0476 in the second grade, and 1.0466 in the third grade. 2. Mean values of percentage body fat (% Fat) were 21.1% in the first grade, 22.1% in the second and 22.5% in the third. 3. Lean body mass (LBM) and LBM/Height increased significantly with advance from the first to the third grade. 4. The correlation coefficient between percent body fat and the sum of two skinfold thicknesses, the sum of three skinfold thicknesses, or the sum of seven skinfold thicknesses were 0.81, 0.80, and 0.82 respectively and all statistically significant (p < 0.001). 5. The correlation coefficient between BMI and the sum of two skinfold thicknesses, the sum of three skinfold thicknesses (r = 0.841) or the sum of seven skinfold thicknesses were 0.85, 0.84, and 0.84 respectively, and all statistically significant (p < 0.001). 6. Mean values of BMI, WSR, ASR, and WHR in all subjects (n = 97) were 19.6, 0.72, 0.39 and 0.43 respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Osteoporosis diagnosis by broad-band ultrasound attenuation (BUA): its correlation with established measurement procedures of bone densitometry].

Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) measurements of the os calcis of 54 women were correlated to single-energy x-ray absorptiometry (SXA) of the os calcis, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine, age and weight. The reproducibility of the BUA measurements was 2.1%. BUA was significantly correlated with SXA (r = 0.7), DXA (r = 0.5) and age (r = 0.6). BUA values ranged from 42 to 117 dB/MHz. Our results confirm BUA's potential as a simple, inexpensive, radiation free, and precise alternative technique for osteoporosis diagnostics of the os calcis. However, the correlation observed with bone mineral density of the spine is too weak to use BUA for predicting the lumbar density status. The ability of BUA to predict the risk of osteoporotic fractures has to be determined directly by assessing the association of BUA and the prevalence or preferably the incidence of fractures.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1993

Roentgenographic densitometry of bone adjacent to a femoral prosthesis.

A digital imaging method was developed to quantitate the stress-related changes in roentgenographic bone density after total hip arthroplasty. A technique termed "histogram-directed equalization" was used to compensate for differences in postimaging data caused by the effects of variable quality obtained from ten patients. Quantitative change due to variation in delivered energy was decreased by 7% for roentgenograms obtained with a 2 kVp variation and 31% for roentgenograms obtained with a 4 kVp variation. The method allowed the authors to accurately describe the changes observed on annual postoperative roentgenograms obtained over the past decade. The utility of the method was demonstrated in 15 of the senior author's long-term cases treated with fully porous-coated implants. These cases were divided into two groups based on the diameter of the prosthetic stem implanted in each case. Five patients were grouped with small-diameter stems and ten with large-diameter stems. Both groups showed substantial decrease in roentgenographic bone density (from 11% to 28%) in the medial and lateral proximal regions. The large-diameter group had an overall larger decrease in roentgenographic bone density at two and five years. Roentgenographic bone remodeling changes were most pronounced in the first two years. Changes between two and five years progressed at a slower rate. The results also confirmed the predicted effect of stem diameter on bone remodeling patterns.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The state of the art of non-invasive diagnostics for bone densitometry. Methods of photonic absorption.

The authors examine densitometric diagnostics by photonic absorption for the in-vivo determination of bone mass. Based on an analysis of the literature a comparison is made for values for accuracy, repeatability, and dosimetry offered by techniques such as single-energy photon absorptiometry (SPA), dual photon absorptiometry (DPA), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), or quantitative computer tomography (QCT). Also discussed are economic aspects and daily management, recent developments and future possibilities. None of the densitometric diagnostics examined is capable of entirely satisfying the different needs of measurement, and nearly all of the methods of photonic absorption reported here have specific indications. The coexistence of different systems will increase the priority of the definition of standardized protocols of calibration, so as to obtain densitometric data that may be compared.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1995

[Evaluation of bone mass in hip fractures measuring lumbar spine and contralateral hip with bone densitometry].

Hip fracture is frequent in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The aim of this work was to assess bone mass in women with hip fracture and compare it with that of normal women. Bone densities of lumbar spine (considering areas with and without spondylosis), femoral neck, greater trochanter, and unfractured hip Ward's triangle were measured with a double beam isotopic densitometer. Thirty-one women aged 58-95 years old were studied and compared with normal women studied at the same laboratory. Bone densities in fractured and normal women were 0.82 +/- 0.16 and 0.85 +/- 0.05 g/cm2 in lumbar spine respectively (NS), 0.74 +/- 0.15 and 0.85 +/- 0.05 g/cm2 in lumbar spine without spondylosis respectively (p < 0.001), 0.60 +/- 0.11 and 0.65 +/- 0.08 g/cm2 in femoral neck respectively (NS), 0.49 +/- 0.09 and 0.57 +/- 0.05 g/cm2 in greater trochanter respectively (p < 0.001) and 0.48 +/- 0.12 and 0.52 +/- 0.09 g/cm2 in Ward's triangle respectively (NS). It is concluded that the larger differences in bone density between women with and without hip fracture are observed in the greater trochanter.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1996

Bone densitometry: comparison of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry to radiographic absorptiometry.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability and validity of radiographic absorptiometry of middle phalanges when compared to dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) of the spine and hip as an indicator of osteoporosis. METHODS: DEXA readings from the spine and femur were compared with radiographic absorptiometry measurements obtained the same day in a sample of 50 women (average age 63 yrs; range 23-86). RESULTS: Both spine and femur DEXA scores were significantly correlated with radiographic absorptiometry scores (R = 0.70 and 0.68, respectively; approximate standard errors 0.08). DEXA scores were used as the standard, defining moderate fracture risk by a standardized t score < -2 and marked risk by t < -3. Using cutpoints of t < -2 for DEXA and t < -3 for standardized radiographic absorptiometry values, the sensitivity to osteopenia was 0.62 for DEXA of the spine and 0.63 for DEXA of the femur, with specificities of 0.90 and 0.96, respectively, at these cutpoints; the corresponding false positive and false negative rates for our cohort of women were 0.19 and 0.24 (spine) and 0.07 and 0.24 (femur). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted, varying DEXA measurement site from spine to femur and standardized cutoff from -2 to -3; the areas under the resulting ROC curves ranged from 0.82 to 0.91. CONCLUSIONS: Radiographic absorptiometry holds promise as a practical method for screening for osteoporosis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1996

Bone densitometry.

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Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1996

[Densitometry analysis with quantitative computerized tomography in 530 subjects from Southern Italy].

Quantitative measure of bone mineral content (BMC) loss is an important diagnostic indicator for determining the risk of fracture and in following the course of patients undergoing therapy for osteoporosis. Several techniques have been used to evaluate this parameter. Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) is the most precise and accurate method allowing selective measurement of trabecular compartment of the vertebrae. Age, sex, ethnic heritage and geographic factors influence BMC variability. The aim of this study is to describe the normal cross-section pattern of age-related spinal bone loss in a Southern Italy population (530 healthy subjects: 450 women, 80 men) and to provide a local data-base for better interpretation of the BMC values. The BMC of lumbar spine was measured by single energy QCT, using a reference phantom with five tubes containing known amounts of CaCO3, placed approximately at the vertebral bodies L2-L4. Results indicate an age-related bone loss with the lowest values at 55-70 years, particularly in women, while no major further decrease was observed in subjects over 65 years. Normal linear BMC decrease rate can be derived from this data.

Adult↗