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At least 1,459 records · Page 81Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Isolation of Corynebacterium pilosum and Actinomyces pyogenes from cystitis and vulvovaginitis infection in a 2-month-old female calf.

Cystitis and vulvovaginitits, due to Corynebacterium pilosum and Actinomyces pyogenes infection in a 2-month-old female calf, is described. The prominent clinical signs were urinary incontinence, adherence of triple phosphate crystals to the vulvar hair and ulceration on the vulva, the ventral side of the tail skin and the perineum. Only a mild inflammation of the bladder mucosa and submucosa was seen on histological examination.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed2007

Risk factors and treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis in children who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

A retrospective cohort of 163 children with 171 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) performed during Mar. 1992-Dec. 2005 were analyzed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, management, and outcome of hemorrhagic cystitis (HC). Fourteen patients (8.2%) developed HC (6 boys, median age 6.6 years) at 0-166 days after HSCT (median 25 days), and lasted for 3-96 days (median 26 days). Older age at transplant (median 11.0 vs. 6.4 years, P = 0.013), allogeneic transplant (OR = 4.4, P = 0.02), cyclophosphamide-containing conditioning (OR = 4.87, P = 0.008), moderate-to-severe acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (OR = 3.56, P = 0.025) and hepatic GVHD (OR = 3.62, P = 0.017) were associated with higher risks of HC in univariate but not multivariate analyses. While estrogen was ineffective in most patients, intravesical formalin, which was used in five patients, was found to be a very effective yet safe treatment for intractable HC. Patients with HC had longer hospital stay (median 175 vs. 88 days, P = 0.004). HC resolved after treatments in all cases but eight of the 14 patients subsequently died of other complications of HSCT. In conclusion, HC is a serious complication of allogeneic HSCT. Treatment with intravesical formalin appears effective and safe and can be considered early in severe HC to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Elevated stress protein in transitional cells exposed to urine from interstitial cystitis patients.

BACKGROUND: It has been hypothesized that urine from interstitial cystitis (IC) patients may contain one or more toxic factors not present in "normal" urine. Bladder tissues exposed to these toxic factors could have elevated stress proteins. If this assumption is correct, stress protein levels could be a useful marker for identifying patients at risk for developing this syndrome. METHODS: To experimentally investigate this possibility, a sensitive assay (ELISA) was used to measure levels of the 72 kDa stress protein in urothelial target cells after in vitro exposure to urine from IC patients. RESULTS: We observed a modest 12% increase in 72 kDa stress protein in cells treated with urine from IC patients compared to cells exposed to normal urine (1.12 compared to 0.99 ng/microg extracted protein; P < 0.05). In addition, it was possible to demonstrate the 72 kDa stress protein in histologic sections obtained from mucosal biopsies of IC patients. Stress protein was located primarily in the surface urothelial cells of the mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: These results seem to indicate that stress protein could play an important protective role at this particular site. They further suggest that IC urine is more toxic than normal urine and, in contact with underlying urothelial and deeper bladder tissue, may upregulate genes involved in stress protein responses. This may be an important concept in the etiology of IC.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2004

Rupture of urachal diverticulum in radiation cystitis and neurogenic bladder dysfunction after radical hysterectomy.

We experienced a rare case of the rupture of the urachal diverticulum in radiation cystitis and neurogenic bladder after radical hysterectomy. A 61-year-old woman presented with severe lower abdominal pain and urinary retention. Abdominal computed tomography revealed that the urachal remnant contained a large volume of urine that leaked to subcutaneous tissue. We excised the urachal diverticulum and bladder together and created a continent urinary diversion using transverse colon. Nine months after the operation, the patient could manage clean intermittent self-catheterization 6 times a day through her umbilical stoma without any urinary complications.

Cystitis↗
PubMed1977

The effect of N-acetyl cysteine on cyclophosphamide cystitis.

Further studies on the effect of various compounds of the rat bladder after treatment with cyclophosphamide are reported. The results show that N-acetyl cysteine is a highly effective drug for the prevention of cyclophosphamide cystitis. N-acetyl cysteine does not significantly impair the anti-tumour effect of cyclophosphamide.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Bladder instability in women with recurrent cystitis.

Factors in the aetiology of bladder instability in women with recurrent cystitis are analysed. A multifactorial approach to patient management is advocated and supported by a treatment failure rate of only 3.6% with these patients over a mean follow-up of nearly 2 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Chronic cystitis and urethritis associated with ureaplasmal and mycoplasmal infection in primary hypogammaglobulinaemia.

Six of 58 patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia developed chronic urethritis and/or cystitis. We have some evidence that this complication may be caused by infection with strains Rof Ureaplasma urealyticum. This is important because ureaplasmas are usually resistant to most antibiotics routinely used to treat lower urinary tract infections. It appears that hypogammaglobulinaemic patients develop less localised and more severe ureaplasmal infections than immunocompetent subjects, which indicates that antibodies are important in controlling the growth of these organisms in the bladder and urethra.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

"Honeymoon" cystitis: a simple surgical cure.

Post-coital cystitis was treated by an advancement urethroplasty in 41 patients. Twenty-eight patients were either cured or obtained significant relief of symptoms. These encouraging results indicate that a urethroplasty should be considered in suitable cases when conservative methods of treatment have failed, and especially in patients whose urethral meatus lies in an intravaginal position.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cutaneous ureterostomy as last resort treatment of intractable haemorrhagic cystitis following radiation.

Sixteen patients with severe intractable haemorrhagic cystitis following radiotherapy, two of them with bleeding tumours, were treated surgically by cutaneous ureterostomy with or without contralateral nephrectomy. They had undergone various forms of conservative treatment and were treated by surgery only when conservative therapy had failed. In these poor risk patients a cutaneous ureterostomy was employed as a lesser procedure than an ileal loop. Of the 16 who underwent urinary diversion 11 were completely free of haemorrhage and three continued to have slight intermittent haematuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Urethral syndrome (abacterial cystitis)--search for a pathogen.

Thirty-one women with the recurrent urethral syndrome (abacterial cystitis) had extensive microbiological, cytological and histological investigations. A Streptococcus species was isolated from the bladder aspirate of one patient, a wall-deficient Streptococcus species from two others and both a Lactobacillus species and Ureaplasma urealyticum from another. A possible microbiological cause was therefore identified in the bladder in only 4 of the 31 patients. A Lactobacillus species was isolated from the bladder aspirate of one control subject. Lactobacilli were grown in the voided urine of the majority of patients and in seven of the eight control subjects. Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes simplex were isolated from the cervix and the urethra of one patient. Urethral cytology was normal in all patients. Trigonitis was noted at cystoscopy in 26 of the 31 patients. Bladder biopsies showed squamous metaplasia in 15 and lymphocytic infiltration of the lamina propria in 29, giving support to an inflammatory aetiology of this enigmatic syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The enigma of interstitial cystitis--an autoimmune disease?

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is characterised by recurrent inflammation and destruction of bladder tissue without obvious cause. To determine whether this self-perpetuating disease is the result of an autoimmune disorder, we studied 26 patients with IC of mean duration 5 years and compared the results with those of a control group of similar age and sex with other urological complaints. We performed a standard autoimmune profile and looked for specific antibodies to normal human bladder in the serum, using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Deep bladder biopsies were examined by conventional histology and cryostat sections were studied with peroxidase-conjugated anti-human antibodies in a search for immunoglobulin deposition within the bladder. Seventeen of 26 patients with IC (65%) and 5 of 14 controls (36%) demonstrated non-organ-specific antibodies; 40% of those with IC had anti-nuclear antibodies; 18 IC patients (75%) and 4 of 10 controls (40%) had anti-bladder antibodies present in the serum, but 5 healthy volunteers showed no such antibody activity. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for either type of antibody (Fisher's exact test). Only 5 of 17 patients with IC (29%) showed immunoglobulin deposition in the bladder epithelium, a similar proportion to controls (38%); 4 of these 5 had circulating anti-bladder antibodies present in the serum. Although IC patients demonstrated a non-specific increase in antibody formation, this was not significantly different from a similar group of other urological patients. The lack of specificity makes this immunological response more likely to be a secondary phenomenon associated with inflammatory damage to the bladder rather than the primary cause of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Bonney's blue cystitis: a warning.

The instillation of diluted Bonney's blue into the bladder during gynaecological operations has been quite common practice over the last 50 years. Bonney's blue is composed of a 1:1 mixture of brilliant green and crystal violet dissolved in ethanol (90%) or industrial methylated spirit. Before insertion into the bladder this solution must be diluted with water to a 0.5% solution. Failure to do this will result in a severe inflammatory reaction within the bladder. The degree of resultant damage depends upon the duration of exposure. Persistent pain is a feature of this condition, although the other symptoms (frequency and urgency) may settle in time. Two cases of chemical cystitis resulting from the use of undiluted Bonney's blue are described to illustrate the possible consequences. Both patients were awarded 6-figure sums as compensation.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1990

Immunofluorescent and histochemical staining confirm the identification of the many diseases called interstitial cystitis.

Interstitial cystitis comprises a complex of diseases typified by symptoms of pelvic pain. Functional complaints do not aid the clinician in determining loss of anatomical capacity. Histochemical staining with PAS-colloidal iron/Van Geison's counterstain offers improved diagnostic ability for the pathologist and correlates well with immunofluorescent findings. Four distinct diseases can be identified through immunofluorescent staining, indicating that each is the result of different responses of the urothelium and endothelium to injury. Loss of bladder capacity associated with these diseases can be expected with age, but immunofluorescent staining for IgM within the capillaries of the interstitium is a more sensitive predictor.

Cystitis↗
PubMed1991

Can histological assessment predict the outcome in interstitial cystitis?

In a retrospective study we compared the outcome of 39 patients with interstitial cystitis to the histological findings at initial diagnostic bladder biopsy. The degree of inflammation and fibrosis and the mast cell counts were assessed on each biopsy. The prognostic relevance of the clinical features of age, duration of symptoms, frequency, nocturia, pain and bladder capacity was assessed. The study showed no statistical correlation between the severity of histological findings at diagnosis and the eventual outcome of the disease. Over 50% of patients with severe histological abnormalities responded to conservative treatment. Although the majority of patients with mild pathological changes responded to conservative treatment, some did require surgical intervention. The clinical features of pain, nocturia and bladder capacity showed significant differences between the 2 patient groups. However, the former 2 features are subject to many variables and the latter probably has too wide a range to be useful as a prognostic indicator. Only the response of patients to conservative treatment will indicate those who are not being helped and who may eventually require surgical treatment.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1991

Problems in the surgical treatment of interstitial cystitis.

Two series of patients with histologically proven interstitial cystitis that was unresponsive to hydrostatic bladder distension and intravesical chemotherapy with dimethyl sulfoxide have been studied. In the first series 24 patients were treated by subtotal cystectomy and substitution cystoplasty without further consideration; 8 of these 24 patients had persistent frequency due to active disease in the remaining trigone and/or urethra and in 2 cases this was severe. Because of this experience the second group of patients had routine biopsy of the trigone and assessment of urethral sensation as part of the initial assessment. In those in whom the trigone was unaffected, treatment was unchanged. If the trigone was affected, total cystourethrectomy was performed with substitution cystourethroplasty unless the patient chose or was advised to avoid surgery altogether or to have a simpler option such as conduit or continent urinary diversion. Trigonal biopsies should be part of the routine assessment of all patients being considered for surgery, since residual active disease is a major cause of dissatisfaction after subtotal cystectomy and substitution cystoplasty.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Interstitial cystitis: correlation with nerve fibres, mast cells and histamine.

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a painful condition in the urinary bladder of unknown aetiology and pathogenesis. To assess the contribution of the nervous system to IC a biopsy was taken from 6 patients with IC and from a control group of 6 patients with non-ulcerative IC. Mast cells were counted and histamine measured in bladder washings from all patients. There were significantly more nerve fibres within the sub-urothelium and detrusor muscle in chronic IC than there were in non-ulcerative IC. The bladder washings from all patients with IC contained mast cells and histamine, while only occasional mast cells and traces of histamine were found in washings from patients with non-ulcerative IC. There was a good correlation between the number of nerve fibres and number of mast cells as well as between the number of nerve fibres and the amount of histamine.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Bladder mast cell expression of high affinity oestrogen receptors in patients with interstitial cystitis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of oestrogens in the pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis (IC), specifically with respect to activated bladder mast cells (MC), as well as urine concentrations of MC-derived histamine and methylhistamine, all of which are increased in patients with IC. This goal appeared important because IC is a bladder disorder which occurs almost exclusively in women, and is characterized by polyuria, nocturia and pelvic pain, which worsen perimenstrually. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Biopsies from six patients with IC and four control patients were analysed blindly for the presence of oestrogen receptors (OR) using both custom-made and commercially available antibodies against OR. RESULTS: Bladder MC alone were shown to express high-affinity OR and there was a higher number of such cells present in patients with IC compared with controls. The identity of MC in the bladder was documented with immunohistochemistry for tryptase. OR were also identified in human MC (HMC-1), a MC line kept in culture. These steps were necessary because of the unique finding that only MC express OR, in spite of the inflammatory infiltrate present. CONCLUSION: These findings may help to explain why IC occurs primarily in women, why IC and other associated symptoms tend to be worst at the midcycle, and may also suggest that prognostic usefulness of staining bladder biopsies for OR. These results are particularly interesting because oestradiol has been shown to augment MC histamine secretion in response to the neuropeptide, substance P, which may be released in certain neuroinflammatory disorders which have a high prevalence in women, such as IC and irritable bowel syndrome.

Cystitis↗