Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Colony Count, Microbial”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,459 records · Page 81Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Comparison of vaginal flora after treatment with a clotrimazole 500 mg vaginal pessary or a fluconazole 150 mg capsule for vaginal candidosis.

The effect of antifungal therapy on the vaginal microbial flora was studied in 23 patients suffering from culture-positive, symptomatic vaginal candidosis. They were randomly allocated to receive either a 500 mg clotrimazole vaginal pessary or a 150 mg fluconazole capsule. Quantitative microbiological examination was carried out on samples of vaginal secretions obtained prior, and at intervals up to 10 days after, treatment. No significant difference was found in the vaginal flora before or after therapy in individual patients or between the treatment groups. In patients with C glabrata or C krusei, the yeasts persisted longer in the vagina with poorer response to either of the medications.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

Efficacy of sanitizers to inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 on fresh-cut carrot shreds under simulated process water conditions.

Chlorine is widely used as a sanitizer to maintain the microbial quality and safety of fresh-cut produce; however, chlorine treatment lacks efficacy on pathogen reduction, especially when the fresh-cut processing water contains heavy organic loads. A more efficacious sanitizer that can tolerate the commercial processing conditions is needed to maintain microbial safety of fresh-cut produce. This study evaluated the efficacy of Escherichia coli O157:H7 reduction on fresh-cut carrots using new and traditional sanitizers with tap water and fresh-cut processing water scenarios. Fresh-cut carrot shreds inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 were washed in sanitizer solutions including 200 ppm chlorine, citric acid-based sanitizer (Pro-San), 80 ppm peroxyacetic acid-based sanitizer (Tsunami 100), and 1,000 ppm acidified sodium chlorite (SANOVA) prepared in fresh tap water or simulated processing water with a chemical oxygen demand level of approximately 3,500 mg/liter. Samples were packaged and stored at 5 degrees C. Microbial analyses performed at days 0, 7, and 14 indicate that the organic load in the process water significantly affected the efficacy of chlorine on pathogen removal and was especially evident on samples tested during storage. Acidified sodium chlorite provided a strong pathogen reduction even under process water conditions with up to a 5.25-log reduction when compared with the no-wash control. E. coli O157:H7 was not recovered on acidified sodium chlorite-treated samples during the entire 14 days of storage, even following an enrichment step. These results suggest that acidified sodium chlorite holds considerable promise as an alternative sanitizer of fresh-cut produce.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The persistence of microorganisms on impression materials following disinfection.

Following in vitro inoculation with C albicans or P aeruginosa, three impression materials--polysulfide rubber, irreversible hydrocolloid, and poly(vinyl siloxane)--were disinfected with either 0.1% or 0.02% chlorhexidine gluconate and a quantitative assessment of the microorganisms was made. Very few microorganisms were retained on the poly(vinyl siloxane) material immediately after microbial inoculation. The numbers of microorganisms on polysulfide impression materials diminished rapidly with time even without disinfection, and a 30-minute disinfection procedure resulted in total microbe elimination. With irreversible hydrocolloid, microorganisms persisted and disinfection procedures were considerably less effective. When the disinfection efficacy of three commercially available agents was compared using irreversible hydrocolloid impression material, chlorhexidine gluconate (0.2%) was found to be less effective than either glutaraldehyde (2%) or sodium hypochlorite (0.0125%); the latter two agents were comparable in their antimicrobial effect. Thus, a simple disinfection regime of 30 minutes with commonly available disinfectants may be effective in eliminating cross-contamination from impression materials.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of dyadic combinations of endodontic medicaments on microbial growth inhibition.

In recent years dyadic combinations of endodontic medicaments have been used increasingly in clinical pediatric dentistry with little regard to the possibility of pharmacological antagonism of the components. In this investigation, a microbial growth inhibition assay was used to determine changes in antimicrobial activity in dyadic mixtures of endodontic medicaments. The combinations assayed were Ledermix (corticosteroid-antibiotic) and Calyxl (calcium hydroxide), Ledermix and Kri (iodoform), Kri and Calyxl, and formocresol and eugenol. All these compounds have antibacterial activity when used individually. In the dyadic combinations assayed, results showed that adding calcium hydroxide to another antibiotic preparation has deleterious effects on growth inhibition, and combining any two antimicrobial medicaments produces no additive or synergistic effects. It is concluded that it may be clinically advantageous to use endodontic medicaments in the dyadic combinations shown in this investigation.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Microbial analysis of bone collected during implant surgery: a clinical and laboratory study.

Dental implant surgery produces bone debris which can be used to correct bone defects in the "simultaneous-augmentation" technique. However, this debris is potentially contaminated with oral bacteria. Therefore, this study examined bone debris collected during dental implant surgery in order 1) to identify the microbial contaminants and 2) to compare the effects of two different aspiration protocols on the levels of microbial contamination. Twenty-four partially dentate patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups and underwent bone collection using the Frios Bone Collector during surgery to insert two endosseous dental implants. In group S (using a stringent aspiration protocol), bone collection occurred within the surgical site only. In group NS (utilizing a non-stringent aspiration protocol), bone collection and tissue fluid control was achieved using the same suction tip. Bone samples were immediately transported for microbial analysis. Colonial and microscopic morphology, gaseous requirements and identification kits were utilized for identification of the isolated microbes. Twenty-eight species were identified including a number associated with disease, in particular, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as the anaerobes Actinomyces odontolyticus, Eubacterium sp., Prevotella intermedia, Propionibacterium propionicum and Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus. In group S (stringent aspiration protocol), significantly fewer organisms were found than in group NS, the non-stringent aspiration protocol (P=0.001). Gram-positive cocci dominated the isolates from both groups. It is concluded that if bone debris is collected for implantation around dental implants, it should be collected with a stringent aspiration protocol (within the surgical site only) to minimize bacterial contaminants.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2002

Microbial evaluation of selected fresh produce obtained at retail markets.

The microbial quality of five types of fresh produce obtained at the retail level was determined by standard quantitative techniques. These techniques included aerobic plate count (APC), total coliform counts, Escherichia coli counts, and yeast and mold counts. Three different methods were used to determine total coliform counts, which consisted of MacConkey agar plate counts, Colicomplete most probable number counts, and Petrifilm E. coli (EC) plate counts. The mean APCs for sprouts, lettuce, celery, cauliflower, and broccoli were 8.7, 8.6, 7.5, 7.4. and 6.3 log10 CFU/g, respectively. MacConkey agar counts indicated that 89 to 96% of the APCs consisted of gram-negative bacteria. Yeast and mold counts were in a range expected of fresh produce. Fresh produce was also analyzed for human pathogens. Samples were analyzed for Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., and Campylobacter spp. One isolate of Staphylococcus was found to be enterotoxigenic, and one species of Bacillus was also toxigenic. Neither Salmonella spp. nor Campylobacter spp. were detected in any of the produce samples. A variety of Listeria spp., including Listeria monocytogenes, were found in fresh produce.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2001

A fully automated microscope bacterial enumeration system for studies of oral microbial ecology.

A fast and fully automated image analysis technique for the enumeration of fluorescence-labeled bacteria in oral sampleswas developed. This paper describes the system configuration, application strategy, automated operation, and initial validation experiments using fluorescent microspheres, bacterial cultures, in vitro grown biofilms and human dental plaque. Following a series of brief operator-controlled calibration steps, the technique automatically performs all necessary microscope operations (stage translation, focus, sampling and analysis) on slides with up to 48 wells for as many different samples. It quantifies bacteria from differential interference contrast images, images showing cells that had been labeled by immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies, or images with cells labeled by a fluorescent DNA stain. With all evaluated samples, close agreement between the automated system and the assessor's visual counts was observed. This novel automated image grabbing and analysis procedure is applicable to the enumeration of specific taxa in clinical samples by both immunofluorescence and fluorescent in situ hybridization.

Automation↗
PubMed1990

Influence of cefotaxime on microbial colonization resistance in healthy volunteers.

The influence of cefotaxime 1000 mg given intravenously bd on microbial colonization resistance was investigated in six healthy volunteers. Administration of cefotaxime allowed colonization of the bowel by a resistant challenge strain of Enterobacter cloacae in all volunteers. The faecal concentration of aerobic flora increased significantly in five of six volunteers. In one the numbers of Gram-negative bacilli, enterococci and yeasts also increased. In the other four the faecal concentration of enterococci and yeasts increased, but Gram-negative bacilli did not rise above pre-treatment level. It is concluded that cefotaxime impairs colonization resistance, although to a variable degree. Therefore the term 'selective decontamination' is not fully justified for prophylactic regimens that include cefotaxime.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Total and fecal coliforms, some enterobacteria staphylococcus sp. and moulds in salads for hot dogs sold in Maracay, Venezuela].

Fast food sold on the streets are good vehicle to transmit gastrointestinal diseases to consumers because they are highly manipulated. The vegetables are a good media for pathogens growth. Raw vegetables salads for hot dog sold in Maracay were studied. Total and fecal Coliforms and Staphylococcus sp. were quantified by the Most Probable Number Technique, Coliforms and Staphylococcus isolated were partially identified. Also the mould population was quantified and identified. Microbial growth was correlated with pH and acidity measurements. MPN/g of Total Coliforms was 1.44 x 10(5) and 4.57 x 10(4) for fecal Coliforms. E. coli was no detected. 87 isolated from the Coliforms were partially identified as Citrobacter freundii variety 1 (45.09% of the isolated), C. freundii variety II (21.57%), Enterobacter aerogenes variety I (17.65%) and E. aerogenes variety II (15.69%); Staphylococcus sp. 3.93 x 10(6) MPN/g and all of its isolated (52) were coagulase negative. The mould population was 4.5 x 10(4) ufc/g, Penicillium sp., Aspergillus, sp., Fusarium sp. were partially identified. The salads presented a pH of 5.92 and an acidity of 0.78 ml of NaOH.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

[The effect of pulsed Nd:YAG laser used as an adjunct to subgingival scaling and root planning].

OBJECTIVE: This study was to observe and compare the microbiological effects of laser therapy combined with ultrasonic subgingival scaling and root planning (SRP) versus SRP alone. METHODS: 26 contra lateral teeth were randomly assigned to the test group (laser + SRP) or the control group (SRP alone). Subgingival microbial samples were collected, cultured and analyzed at baseline, then repeated immediately after laser treatment at week 1, week 2 and week 4. RESULTS: Although both groups had significant increase in G+/G- ratio (P < 0.01), the changes of G+ and G- were more obvious in the test group till week 1(P < 0.05). The total CFU of test group diminished significantly just after laser irradiation (P < 0.05). That revealed the laser therapy followed by SRP appeared to have a stronger effect on converting the subgingival micro-ecosystem to healthy status. CONCLUSION: Laser appeared to have a stronger bactericidal action in vivo. especially on the dark-pigmented G- rods associated with periodontal disease.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1988

Microbiological and virological analysis of water from two water filtration plants and their distribution systems.

The microbial flora of the water produced by two water filtration plants and their drinking water distribution system were evaluated: the Pont-Viau (PV) and the Repentigny (RE) water filtration plants. Untreated water entering the plants contained 3.6 (PV) and 16.8 most probable number of infectious units (mpniu)/L (RE) enteric viruses and total coliform bacteria counts were 300,000 (PV) and 500,000 cfu/L (RE). Treated water leaving the plant was essentially free of all the bacterial indicators measured (total, stressed, and fecal coliforms; Aeromonas hydrophila; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Clostridium perfringens; enterococci) as well as of human enteric viruses. Heterotrophic plate counts at 20 and 35 degrees C were low in the freshly treated water leaving the plants, but bacterial regrowth was observed in both distribution systems at all sampling sites. Average counts for the heterotrophic plate count (20 degrees C) were between 10(6) and 10(7) cfu/L and counts were clearly increased with the distance from the plant. The most numerous bacterial genera encountered were Bacillus, Flavobacterium, and Pseudomonas (nonaeruginosa).

Aeromonas↗
PubMed2001

Effect of various dairy packaging materials on the shelf life and flavor of pasteurized milk.

Milk from three different dairies (each a separate trial: 1, 2, and 3) was standardized to 2% fat and pasteurized at 92.2, 84.0, and 76.4 degrees C (temperatures 1, 2, and 3, respectively) for 25 s and packaged into six different packaging boards, [standard (A) milk boards with standard seam; juice boards with standard (B) and J-bottom (D) seams; barrier boards with standard (C) and J-bottom (E) seams; and foil (F) boards with J-bottom seam], resulting in 18 different treatments. Standard plate count (SPC) was used to test for microbial quality, and taste a panel was employed for flavor acceptability and difference on the milk stored at 6.7 degrees C at 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk. Statistical analysis of taste panel data showed that the flavor of milk samples A2, B2, and D2 deteriorated faster than the blind control (freshly high temperature, short time pasteurized low fat milk processed at 80.6 degrees C for 25 s). The flavor of milk packaged in standard (A) and juice (B and D) boards deteriorated at a faster rate than milk packaged in barrier (C and E) and foil (F) boards. Microbial counts showed that milk samples stored at 6.7 degrees C in trials 2 and 3 produced high SPC at wk 3 (ranges of bacteria in cfu/ml for trial 2: 9.9 x 10(1)-1.8 x 10(6) and trial 3: 2.5 x 10(5)-5.5 x 10(8)). In trial 1, high SPC began at wk 4 (9.9 x 10(1)-5.5 x 10(5) cfu/ml). Milk processed at 76.4 degrees C had the lowest bacterial growth rate, and milk processed at 84.0 degrees C had the highest bacterial growth rate. Different boards had no effects (P > 0.05) on the bacterial growth rates. It appeared that the lower the SPC of the raw milk, the slower the bacterial growth rate after 2 wk of storage. Milk samples stored at 1.7 degrees C maintained low SPC at wk 4, with counts of 0 to 40 cfu/ml for trial 2 and 0 to 200 cfu/ml for trial 3.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Dental caries and related factors in 88- and 92-year-olds. Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons.

Our aim was to compare two groups of 88- and 92-year-olds (n = 92 and n = 40), respectively, with regard to teeth, caries, and salivary and microbial conditions. Oral variables were analyzed in relation to functional capacity and use of cardiovascular agents and psychoactive drugs. Untreated root caries, plaque score, and counts of lactobacilli increased between the ages of 88 and 92 years (P < 0.01). Nine of the 24 longitudinally followed up subjects had lost 1-5 teeth over 4 years, and 17 subjects had developed new caries (DFS). The mean caries increment over 4 years was 1.3 coronal and 3.6 root surfaces, and new DFS per 100 surfaces at risk was 4.3 coronal and 17.5 root surfaces. Plaque score and final pH of buffer capacity increased (P < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively), whereas saliva flow, independent of gender, was unchanged. Use of cardiovascular agents and psychoactive drugs was associated with a deteriorated dental status.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

Effects of in-situ ozonation on indigenous microorganisms in diesel contaminated soil: survival and regrowth.

Soil column experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of chemical oxidation on the survival of indigenous microbes (i.e., heterotrophic microbes, phenanthrene-degrading microbes, and alkane-degrading microbes) for field soil contaminated with diesel fuel. Rapid decreases of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and aromatics of diesel fuel were observed within the first 60 min of ozone injection; after 60 min, TPH and aromatics decreased asymptotically with ozonation time. The three types of indigenous microbes treated were very sensitive to ozone in the soil column experiment, hence the microbial population decreased exponentially with ozonation time. The numbers of heterotrophic, alkane-degrading, and phenanthrene-degrading bacteria were reduced from 10(8) to 10(4), 10(7) to 10(3), and 10(6) CFU g soil(-1) to below detection limit after 900 min of ozonation, respectively. Except for the soil sample ozonated for 900 min, incubation of ozone-treated soil samples that were not limited by oxygen diffusion showed further removal of TPH. The soil samples that were ozonated for 180 min exhibited the lowest concentration of TPH and the highest regrowth rate of the heterotrophic and alkane-degrading populations after the 9 weeks of incubation.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2006

Eight-channel ultrasonic device for non-invasive quality evaluation in packed milk.

An eight-channel ultrasonic detecting device for microbiological quality evaluation of packed liquid foods is presented in this paper. This device makes possible a non-invasive detection of the microbial growth in liquid foods with no need to open the carton-based packages where they are contained. Thermal and humidity stabilization are required inside the measuring chamber. The changes in the liquid media produced by the microorganism growth induce variations in the ultrasonic propagation parameters giving a non-invasive evidence of the developing contamination. For that purpose, the amplitude and time of flight of an ultrasonic 800kHz tone burst travelling through an UHT milk pack are analysed. Inoculated and sterile packs were tested to evaluate the performance of this new non-invasive ultrasonic microbiological quality sensor.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Inhibition of peritoneal bacterial adhesion using oligosaccharides. An experimental model of peritonitis in rats].

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal colonization is a crucial event in the pathogenesis of peritonitis and its local complications. Adherence to the serosal mesothelium is mediated in a number of microorganisms derived from the digestive tract (especially E. coli) by type-1 fimbriae which have an oligosaccharide specificity. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of repeated peritoneal washes with saline solution and oligosaccharides on E. coli peritoneal adherence in a rat peritonitis model. METHODS: Sixty rats were randomized in 3 groups of 20. E. coli was inoculated at a constant concentration of 10(8)/mL per 100 g of weight. Then, peritoneal washes were achieved daily during three consecutive days (D1, D2, D3), with saline solution in Group I (control group), Methyl alpha-D-Mannoside (MADM) in Group II, and p-Nitro-phenyl alpha-D-Mannoside (pNADM) in Group III. Peritoneal samples were obtained before and after lavage at D1, D2, and D3. Microbial recovery was expressed as cfu/mg of tissue, and converted into a percentage of the initial value. A 10% threshold defined efficiency of the wash (inhibition of adherence for 90% of bacteries). RESULTS: Compared with data from Group I, E. coli peritoneal adherence was significantly lower after washes in Group III (D1: p = 0.03; D2: p = 0.009; D3: p = 0.003). Repeated washes were more efficient in Group III than in Group II (D1: p = 0.1; D2: p = 0.5; D3: p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the addition of oligosaccharides, especially of pNADM, reduces the peritoneal adherence of E. coli when a peritoneal wash is performed for peritonitis.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

A central venous catheter coated with benzalkonium chloride for the prevention of catheter-related microbial colonization.

In an attempt to overcome infections associated with central venous catheters, a new antiseptic central venous catheter coated with benzalkonium chloride on the internal and external surfaces has been developed and evaluated in a clinical trial. Patients (235) randomly received either a triple-lumen central venous catheter coated with benzalkonium chloride (117) or a polyurethane non-antiseptic catheter (118). The incidence of microbial colonization of both catheters and retained antiseptic activity of the benzalkonium chloride device following removal were determined. The benzalkonium chloride resulted in a significant reduction of the incidence of microbial colonization on both the internal and external catheter surfaces. The reduction in colonization was detected at both the intradermal (21 benzalkonium chloride catheters vs. 38 controls, P = 0.0016) and distal segments of the antiseptic-coated catheters. Following catheter removal retained activity was demonstrated in benzalkonium chloride catheters which had been in place for up to 12 days. No patients developed adverse reactions to the benzalkonium chloride catheters. The findings demonstrate that the benzalkonium chloride catheter significantly reduced the incidence of catheter-associated colonization.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

Premilking udder hygiene.

Incidence of intramammary infection is highly correlated to the number of mastitis pathogens on the teat end at milking. The objective of premilking teat sanitation is to reduce the microbial population in order to minimize the probability of mastitis. Milking time hygiene is extremely important due to the potential interaction between milking machine functions and microflora of teat skin. Current recommended procedures for premilking udder preparation range from water hose wash, manual drying, wet paper towel wash plus paper towel dry, to predipping alone plus paper towel dry. Regardless of udder cleaning procedure, manual drying of teats is a significant factor in reduction of total bacteria counts. Predipping with iodine-based sanitizers, .1 to .25% iodine concentration, reduced intramammary infection with environmental pathogens 51% compared with good udder preparation in a field trial on four commercial dairy farms. Infections by coagulase-negative staphylococci were not reduced by predipping. Effective premilking udder hygiene is essential for the production of high quality milk. Bacteria, preincubation and pasteurized milk counts are reduced. Sediment is minimized. Incidence of mastitis is reduced. Proper udder hygiene procedures should be practiced at every milking.

Animals↗